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Pan S, Zhang L, Liu Z, Xing H. Myostatin suppresses adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation by activating crosstalk between ERK1/2 and PKA signaling pathways in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6388060. [PMID: 34634123 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of myostatin (MSTN) on lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPAs) and to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms. PSPAs isolated from Meishan weaned piglets were added with various concentrations of MSTN recombinant protein during the entire period of adipogenic differentiation process. Results showed that MSTN treatment significantly reduced the lipid accumulation, intracellular triglyceride (TG) content, glucose consumption and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity, while increased glycerol and free fatty acid release. Consistent with above results, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway was obviously activated and thus key adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α) and their downstream engymes fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were all inhibited. However, chemical inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway by PD98059 markedly reversed the decreased TG content by increasing PPAR-γ expression. In addition, MSTN activated the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway and stimulated lipolysis by reducing the expression of antilipolytic gene perilipin, thus elevated key lipolytic enzymes adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression and enzyme activity. On the contrary, pretreatment with PKA inhibitor H89 significantly reversed TG accumulation by increasing PPAR-γ expression and thus inhibiting ERK1/2, perilipin and HSL phosphorylation, supporting the crosstalk between PKA and ERK1/2 pathways in both the anti-adipogenic and pro-lipolytic effects. In summary, our results suggested that MSTN suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated lipolysis, which was mainly mediated by activating crosstalk of ERK1/2 and PKA signaling pathways, and consequently decreased lipid accumulation in PSPAs, our findings may provide novel insights for further exploring MSTN as a potent inhibitor of porcine subcutaneous lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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2
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Pucci G, Ministrini S, Nulli Migliola E, Nunziangeli L, Battista F, D'Abbondanza M, Anastasio F, Crapa ME, Sanesi L, Carbone F, Lupattelli G, Vaudo G. Relationship between serum myostatin levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in healthy young male adolescents: the MACISTE study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:987-992. [PMID: 33630678 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00782.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum myostatin (sMSTN) is a proteic compound that regulates skeletal muscle growth, adipogenesis, and production of extracellular matrix. Its relationship with functional and structural properties of the arterial wall is still understudied. We aimed at evaluating the association between sMSTN and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), a measure of aortic stiffness, in a cohort of healthy male adolescents. Fifteen healthy male adolescents were recruited among the participants of the Metabolic And Cardiovascular Investigation at School, TErni (MACISTE) study, a cross-sectional survey conducted at the "Renato Donatelli" High School in Terni, Italy. sMSTN was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. cf-PWV was measured through high-fidelity applanation tonometry. Muscle strength and body composition were measured through handgrip and bioimpedentiometry, respectively. sMSTN levels showed a skewed distribution (median: 6.0 ng/mL, interquartile range: 2.2-69.2 ng/mL). Subjects with sMSTN above median value showed higher values of brachial diastolic blood pressure and increased cf-PWV (6.1 ± 1.1 m/s vs. 4.6 ± 0.7 m/s, P < 0.01) values, compared with their counterparts. Such difference remained significant after controlling for age, mean BP, heart rate, body mass index z-score, waist-to-height ratio, body mass/lean mass ratio, and amount of physical activity (P = 0.02). The association between log-transformed sMSTN and cf-PWV was direct and linear, and independent from the effect of confounders at the multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). In this preliminary report, sMSTN was independently associated with cf-PWV, a measure of aortic stiffness, in healthy male adolescents. Our results shed lights on the potential role of myokines in the pathogenesis of systemic hypertension and atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serum myostatin, a proteic compound known to regulate skeletal muscle growth and production of extracellular matrix, is independently associated with increased aortic stiffness in healthy male adolescents. This result sheds lights on the potential novel role of myokines in the early development of systemic hypertension and early vascular aging, as well as on their inhibition as a hypothetical therapeutic strategy to counteract vascular aging at an early stage of physical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria" Terni University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nulli Migliola
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Perugia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco D'Abbondanza
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Perugia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Anastasio
- Unit of Cardiology, ASST-VAL Hospital of Sondrio, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Mariano Edoardo Crapa
- Unit of Medicina Interna, ASL Taranto, Presidio Ospedaliero Occidentale, Castellaneta, Italy
| | - Leandro Sanesi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria" Terni University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Graziana Lupattelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Perugia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria" Terni University Hospital, Terni, Italy
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3
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Deng B, Zhang F, Wen J, Shen W, Gao Q, Peng X, Tan J, Pu Z, Ye S, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang S. The transcriptomes from two adipocyte progenitor cell types provide insight into the differential functions of MSTN. Genomics 2020; 112:3826-3836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Abstract
Magnetic targeting (MT) has been an emerging technology which is used to improve the delivery and retention of transplanted therapeutic cells in target site over the past 20 years. Meanwhile, stem cells have also been a research hotspot in cell therapy in recent years. Several researchers have combined the MT technology with Stem cell therapy in order to improve the efficacy. However, Different types of Magnetic Nano particles (MNPs) have presented different effects, and how to choose a proper MNPs became a question. This article aims to introduce the preparation method and application field of different types of magnetic Nanoparticles, discuss the pros and cons of different types of MNPs in stem cell therapy and make a prospect of MT technology in Stem cell therapy.
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5
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Zhong YC, Wang SC, Han YH, Wen Y. Recent Advance in Source, Property, Differentiation, and Applications of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2560174. [PMID: 32215015 PMCID: PMC7081037 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2560174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can be easily obtained during knee surgery, which avoids the damage to patients for obtaining IPFP. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) are also called infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) because the morphology of IPFP-ASCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). IPFP-ASCs are attracting more and more attention due to their characteristics suitable to regenerative medicine such as strong proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, secreting cytokines, multipotential capacity, and 3D culture. IPFP-ASCs can repair articular cartilage and relieve the pain caused by osteoarthritis, so most of IPFP-related review articles focus on osteoarthritis. This article reviews the anatomy and function of IPFP, as well as the discovery, amplification, multipotential capacity, and application of IPFP-ASCs in order to explain why IPFP-ASC is a superior stem cell source in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-chen Zhong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Class 4, Phase 102, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shi-chun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Class 4, Phase 102, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yin-he Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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6
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Deng B, Zhang F, Wen J, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. The function of myostatin in the regulation of fat mass in mammals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:29. [PMID: 28344633 PMCID: PMC5360019 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), also referred to as growth and differentiation factor-8, is a protein secreted in muscle tissues. Researchers believe that its primary function is in negatively regulating muscle because a mutation in its coding region can lead to the famous double muscle trait in cattle. Muscle and adipose tissue develop from the same mesenchymal stem cells, and researchers have found that MSTN is expressed in fat tissues and plays a key role in adipogenesis. Interestingly, MSTN can exert a dual function, either inhibiting or promoting adipogenesis, according to the situation. Due to its potential function in controlling body fat mass, MSTN has attracted the interest of researchers. In this review, we explore its function in regulating adipogenesis in mammals, including preadipocytes, multipotent stem cells and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 China
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7
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Ma K, Tan Z, Zhang C, Fu X. Mesenchymal stem cells for sweat gland regeneration after burns: From possibility to reality. Burns 2016; 42:492-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Sun WX, Dodson MV, Jiang ZH, Yu SG, Chu WW, Chen J. Myostatin inhibits porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation in vitro. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 55:25-31. [PMID: 26657406 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of myostatin on adipogenesis by porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. Intramuscular preadipocytes were isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle of newborn pigs. Myostatin inhibited intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Myostatin treatment during preadipocyte differentiation significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the expression of the adipogenic marker genes CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, fatty acid-binding protein, and adiponectin. Myostatin also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the release of glycerol and decreased both adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression in intramuscular adipocytes. Our study suggests that myostatin acts as an extrinsic regulatory factor in regulating intramuscular adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W X Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - M V Dodson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6351, USA
| | - Z H Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6351, USA
| | - S G Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - W W Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - J Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Deng B, Zhang F, Chen K, Wen J, Huang H, Liu W, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. MyoD promotes porcine PPARγ gene expression through an E-box and a MyoD-binding site in the PPARγ promoter region. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:381-91. [PMID: 26944559 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor in adipogenesis and can be regulated by adipogenesis-related factors. However, little information is available regarding its regulation by myogenic factors. In this study, we found that over-expression of MyoD enhanced porcine adipocyte differentiation and up-regulated PPARγ expression, whereas small interfering RNA against MyoD significantly attenuated porcine adipocyte differentiation and inhibited PPARγ expression. The MyoD-binding sites in the PPARγ promoter region at -412 to -396 and -155 to -150 were identified by promoter deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed that these two regions are MyoD-binding sites, both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that MyoD directly interacts with the porcine PPARγ promoter. Thus, our results demonstrate that an Enhancer box and a binding site for a cooperative co-activator of MyoD are present in the promoter region of porcine PPARγ; furthermore, MyoD up-regulates PPARγ expression and promotes porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China.
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10
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Huang S, Zhao W, Wang Z, Tao K, Liu X, Chang P. Potential drawbacks in cell-assisted lipotransfer: A systematic review of existing reports (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1063-9. [PMID: 26677061 PMCID: PMC4732852 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) has been widely used in various clinical applications, including breast augmentation following mammectomy, soft-tissue reconstruction and wound healing. However, the clinical application of CAL has been restricted due to the transplanted fat tissues being readily liquefied and absorbed. The present review examines 57 previously published studies involving CAL, including fat grafting or fat transfer with human adipose-stem cells in all known databases. Of these 57 articles, seven reported the clinical application of CAL. In the 57 studies, the majority of the fat tissues were obtained from the abdomen via liposuction of the seven clinical studies, four were performed in patients requiring breast augmentation, one in a patient requiring facial augmentation, one in a patient requiring soft tissue augmentation/reconstruction and one in a patient requiring fat in their upper arms. Despite the potential risks, there has been an increased demand for CAL in in cosmetic or aesthetic applications. Thus, criteria and guidelines are necessary for the clinical application of CAL technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang F, Deng B, Wen J, Chen K, Liu W, Ye S, Huang H, Jiang S, Xiong Y. PPARγ and MyoD are differentially regulated by myostatin in adipose-derived stem cells and muscle satellite cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:375-80. [PMID: 25646693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and also functions in adipocyte maturation. Studies have shown that MSTN can inhibit adipogenesis in muscle satellite cells (MSCs) but not in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However, the mechanism by which MSTN differently regulates adipogenesis in these two cell types remains unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) are two key transcription factors in fat and muscle cell development that influence adipogenesis. To investigate whether MSTN differentially regulates PPARγ and MyoD, we analyzed PPARγ and MyoD expression by assessing mRNA, protein and methylation levels in ADSCs and MSCs after treatment with 100 ng/mL MSTN for 0, 24, and 48 h. PPARγ mRNA levels were downregulated after 24 h and upregulated after 48 h of treatment in ADSCs, whereas in MSCs, PPARγ levels were downregulated at both time points. MyoD expression was significantly increased in ADSCs and decreased in MSCs. PPARγ and MyoD protein levels were upregulated in ADSCs and downregulated in MSCs. The CpG methylation levels of the PPARγ and MyoD promoters were decreased in ADSCs and increased in MSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the different regulatory adipogenic roles of MSTN in ADSCs and MSCs act by differentially regulating PPARγ and MyoD expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wu Han University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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12
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Brooks NE, Myburgh KH. Skeletal muscle wasting with disuse atrophy is multi-dimensional: the response and interaction of myonuclei, satellite cells and signaling pathways. Front Physiol 2014; 5:99. [PMID: 24672488 PMCID: PMC3955994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle is essential for health and survival. There are marked losses of skeletal muscle mass as well as strength and physiological function under conditions of low mechanical load, such as space flight, as well as ground based models such as bed rest, immobilization, disuse, and various animal models. Disuse atrophy is caused by mechanical unloading of muscle and this leads to reduced muscle mass without fiber attrition. Skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and myonuclei are integrally involved in skeletal muscle responses to environmental changes that induce atrophy. Myonuclear domain size is influenced differently in fast and slow twitch muscle, but also by different models of muscle wasting, a factor that is not yet understood. Although the myonuclear domain is 3-dimensional this is rarely considered. Apoptosis as a mechanism for myonuclear loss with atrophy is controversial, whereas cell death of satellite cells has not been considered. Molecular signals such as myostatin/SMAD pathway, MAFbx, and MuRF1 E3 ligases of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and IGF1-AKT-mTOR pathway are 3 distinctly different contributors to skeletal muscle protein adaptation to disuse. Molecular signaling pathways activated in muscle fibers by disuse are rarely considered within satellite cells themselves despite similar exposure to unloading or low mechanical load. These molecular pathways interact with each other during atrophy and also when various interventions are applied that could alleviate atrophy. Re-applying mechanical load is an obvious method to restore muscle mass, however how nutrient supplementation (e.g., amino acids) may further enhance recovery (or reduce atrophy despite unloading or ageing) is currently of great interest. Satellite cells are particularly responsive to myostatin and to growth factors. Recently, the hibernating squirrel has been identified as an innovative model to study resistance to atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Brooks
- Health and Exercise Science Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling Stirling, UK
| | - Kathryn H Myburgh
- Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, South Africa
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13
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Gabillard JC, Biga PR, Rescan PY, Seiliez I. Revisiting the paradigm of myostatin in vertebrates: insights from fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:45-54. [PMID: 24018114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGFβ superfamily, has emerged as a strong inhibitor of muscle growth in mammals. In fish many studies reveal a strong conservation of mstn gene organization, sequence, and protein structures. Because of ancient genome duplication, teleostei may have retained two copies of mstn genes and even up to four copies in salmonids due to additional genome duplication event. In sharp contrast to mammals, the different fish mstn orthologs are widely expressed with a tissue-specific expression pattern. Quantification of mstn mRNA in fish under different physiological conditions, demonstrates that endogenous expression of mstn paralogs is rarely related to fish muscle growth rate. In addition, attempts to inhibit MSTN activity did not consistently enhance muscle growth as in mammals. In vitro, MSTN stimulates myotube atrophy and inhibits proliferation but not differentiation of myogenic cells as in mammals. In conclusion, given the strong mstn expression non-muscle tissues of fish, we propose a new hypothesis stating that fish MSTN functions as a general inhibitors of cell proliferation and cell growth to control tissue mass but is not specialized into a strong muscle regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Gabillard
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, Equipe Croissance et Qualité de la Chair des Poissons, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Yue H, He JW, Zhang H, Wang C, Hu WW, Gu JM, Ke YH, Fu WZ, Hu YQ, Li M, Liu YJ, Wu SH, Zhang ZL. Contribution of myostatin gene polymorphisms to normal variation in lean mass, fat mass and peak BMD in Chinese male offspring. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:660-7. [PMID: 22426697 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Myostatin gene is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Genetic polymorphisms in Myostatin were found to be associated with the peak bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether myostatin played a role in the normal variation in peak BMD, lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) of Chinese men. METHODS Four hundred male-offspring nuclear families of Chinese Han ethnic group were recruited. Anthropometric measurements, including the peak BMD, body LM and FM were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied were tag-SNPs selected by sequencing. Both rs2293284 and +2278GA were genotyped using TaqMan assay, and rs3791783 was genotyped with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The associations of the SNPs with anthropometric variations were analyzed using the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT). RESULTS Using QTDT to detect within-family associations, neither single SNP nor haplotype was found to be associated with peak BMD at any bone site. However, rs3791783 was found to be significantly associated with fat mass of the trunk (P<0.001). Moreover, for within-family associations, haplotypes AGG, AAA, and TGG were found to be significantly associated with the trunk fat mass (all P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that genetic variation within myostatin may play a role in regulating the variation in fat mass in Chinese males. Additionally, the myostatin gene may be a candidate that determines body fat mass in Chinese men.
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