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Sanesi L, Mori G, Troiano G, Ballini A, Valzano F, Dioguardi M, Muzio LL, Magalhaes M, Caponio VCA. Salivary exosomal microRNA profile as biomonitoring tool for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106012. [PMID: 38879952 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exosomes are extracellular vesicles found in saliva and other body fluids. These vesicles range in size from 30 to 150 nm and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, transporting different biomolecules, actively targeting cells. These vesicles regulate both physiological and pathological processes within recipient cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) are transported within exosomes and are delivered to target cells where they influence signaling pathways, taking on a crucial regulatory role in oncogenesis; for example, they are implicated in progression and infiltration of various cancers, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search based on specific keywords, according to the PRISMA guidelines, was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Only original articles were selected during this review. The risk of bias was assessed by QUADAS-2. RESULTS At the end of the selection process 9 articles were included. In these studies, 41 miRs showed differential expression between healthy subjects and patient with HNSCC. The techniques varied among studies for the extraction and analysis of exosomal miRs. We presented also salivary exosomal miRs pathways, to give insights about pathogenetic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal microRNA are promising biomarkers for HNSCC detection. MiR-10b-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-412-3p, and miR-512-3p are the most promising markers applicable to diagnostics, while miR-1307-5p and miR-519c-3p resulted overexpressed and correlated to worse survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Felice Valzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1×3, Canada
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Wu J, Liu G, Jia R, Guo J. Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17328. [PMID: 38139157 PMCID: PMC10743646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, as bioactive molecules, have been extensively studied. There are abundant studies in the literature on their biogenesis, secretion, structure, and content, and their roles in pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles have been reviewed as biomarkers for use in diagnostic tools. Saliva contains many extracellular vesicles, and compared with other body fluids, it is easier to obtain in a non-invasive way, making its acquisition more easily accepted by patients. In recent years, there have been numerous new studies investigating the role of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers. These studies have significant implications for future clinical diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize and review the potential applications of salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers, and we also describe their other functions (e.g., hemostasis, innate immune defense) in both oral and non-oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Gege Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.W.); (G.L.); (R.J.)
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Mokhtari F, Kaboosi H, Mohebbi SR, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. Circulating Plasma miR-122 and miR-583 Levels Are Involved in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Pathogenesis and Serve As Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:232-238. [PMID: 37643324 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs regulate many biological processes and are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Moreover, besides investigation of their roles in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a noninvasive, sensitive, and specific biomarker is essential in the diagnosis of liver diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the role of miR-122, miR-583, and miR-24 in the pathogenesis of CHB both in active chronic hepatitis (ACH) patients and in inactive carriers (IC). Materials and Methods: Plasma samples and all relevant clinical features were collected from 43 patients with CHB (28 ACH and 15 IC) and 43 healthy controls. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the plasma levels of miR-122, miR-583, and miR-24. Results: Results show miR-122 (p = 0.0001) and miR-583 (p = 0.006) but not miR-24 (p = 0.65) were upregulated in patients with CHB versus the control group. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the plasma expression of miR-583 in IC versus ACH. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined plasma levels of miR-122 (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.89, p < 0.0001, sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 62.5%) and miR-583 (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.0007, sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 47.62%) as sensitive biomarkers to discriminate CHB patients from controls. Conclusion: Our data showed an increase in the plasma levels of miR-583 in IC versus ACH patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-122 and miR-583 may serve as potential biomarkers for CHB diagnosis and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedra Mokhtari
- Department of Microbiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Hami Kaboosi
- Department of Microbiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Öksüz Z, Gragnani L, Lorini S, Temel GÖ, Serin MS, Zignego AL. Evaluation of Plasma miR-17-5p, miR-24-3p and miRNA-223-3p Profile of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients after Treatment with Direct-Acting Antivirals. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1188. [PMID: 37623439 PMCID: PMC10455277 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of miR-223-3p, miR-17-5p, and miR-24-3p was evaluated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patient serum samples, collected before DAA treatment and after a sustained virological response (SVR). Fifty HCV patients were stratified based on their liver damage stages into three different subgroups (21 with chronic hepatitis-CH, 15 with cirrhosis, and 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma-HCC). Considering the entire HCV population, the miRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated after the SVR compared to pre-treatment ones (p < 0.05). Stratifying the patients based on liver damage, the post-SVR values of the three miRNAs were significantly downregulated compared to the pre-treatment levels for both cirrhosis and HCC patients. No significant differences emerged from the analysis of the CH group. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detail the behavior of miR-223-3p, miR-17-5p, and miR-24-3p levels in patients with HCV-related CH, cirrhosis, and HCC after DAA therapy. Our findings show that HCV-infected patients have different miRNA profiles before and after treatment with DAAs, strongly suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of HCV-related damage. In this respect, the correlation observed among the three studied miRNAs could imply that they share common pathways by which they contribute the progression of HCV-induced chronic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Öksüz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33160 Mersin, Turkey;
| | - Laura Gragnani
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (L.G.); (S.L.)
- Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Lorini
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (L.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Gülhan Örekici Temel
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Sami Serin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33160 Mersin, Turkey;
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- MASVE Interdepartmental Hepatology Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Center for Research and Innovation CRIA-MASVE, AOU Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (L.G.); (S.L.)
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5
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The Long Noncoding RNA Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA (CYTOR)/miRNA-24-3p Axis Facilitates Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression by Modulating GAD1 Expression. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:6027860. [PMID: 36814556 PMCID: PMC9940962 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6027860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck epithelial carcinoma that is unusually prevalent in Southeast Asia. Noncoding RNAs, including lncRNA and miRNA, and their target genes are considered vital regulators of tumorigenesis and the progression of NPC. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms of GAD1 involved in the regulation of NPC need to be further elucidated. In the present study, we identified that GAD1 was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues. GAD1 overexpression is promoted, while genetic knockdown of GAD1 suppresses proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that GAD1 is a direct target gene of miR-24-3p. In NPC tissues, miR-24-3p was downregulated and the lncRNA CYTOR was upregulated. CYTOR was sponged to suppress the function of miR-24-3p. CYTOR regulates GAD1 expression via modulating miR-24-3p. The CYTOR/miR-24-3p/GAD1 axis is converged to modulate the growth, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. In conclusion, the study identified a novel axis for the regulation of NPC cell growth, providing new insights into the understanding of NPC.
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Khan S, Zhang DY, Zhang JY, Hayat MK, Ren J, Nasir S, Fawad M, Bai Q. The Key Role of microRNAs in Initiation and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950374. [PMID: 35924150 PMCID: PMC9341471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of primary liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression mainly on post-transcriptional level has a confirmed and important role in numerous biological process. By regulating specific target genes, miRNA can act as oncogene or tumor suppressor. Recent evidence has indicated that the deregulation of miR-NAs is closely associated with the clinical pathological features of HCC. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of each miRNA and its targets in HCC has yet to be illuminated. This study demonstrates that both oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs are crucial in the formation and development of HCC. miRNAs influence biological behavior including proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis by targeting critical genes. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the expression profile and function of miRNAs in HCC and discuss the potential for miRNA-based therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Khizar Hayat
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adopations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Safyan Nasir
- Allied District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
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Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Alshaer W, Hasan H, Albakri KA, Alkhafaji E, Issa NN, Al-Holy MA, Abderrahman SM, Abdallah AM, Mohamud R. Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Breast Milk: MicroRNA Contents and Potential Epigenetic Effects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061219. [PMID: 35740242 PMCID: PMC9219990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of age receive adequate nutrients, achieving optimal immune protection and growth. In addition to the known nutritional components of human breast milk (HBM), i.e., water, carbohydrates, fats and proteins, it is also a rich source of microRNAs, which impact epigenetic mechanisms. This comprehensive work presents an up-to-date overview of the immunomodulatory constituents of HBM, highlighting its content of circulating microRNAs. The epigenetic effects of HBM are discussed, especially those regulated by miRNAs. HBM contains more than 1400 microRNAs. The majority of these microRNAs originate from the lactating gland and are based on the remodeling of cells in the gland during breastfeeding. These miRNAs can affect epigenetic patterns by several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA regulation, which could ultimately result in alterations in gene expressions. Therefore, the unique microRNA profile of HBM, including exosomal microRNAs, is implicated in the regulation of the genes responsible for a variety of immunological and physiological functions, such as FTO, INS, IGF1, NRF2, GLUT1 and FOXP3 genes. Hence, studying the HBM miRNA composition is important for improving the nutritional approaches for pregnancy and infant's early life and preventing diseases that could occur in the future. Interestingly, the composition of miRNAs in HBM is affected by multiple factors, including diet, environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Amin N. Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (A.N.O.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Hanan Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Khaled A. Albakri
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Enas Alkhafaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Nada N. Issa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Murad A. Al-Holy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (A.N.O.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Salim M. Abderrahman
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Atiyeh M. Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (R.M.)
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Öksüz Z, Üçbilek E, Serin MS, Yaraş S, Temel GÖ, Sezgin O. hsa-miR-17-5p: A Possible Predictor of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir + Dasabuvir ± Ribavirin Therapy Efficacy in Hepatitis C Infection. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:186. [PMID: 35524830 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although persistent sustained viral response rates are increased in hepatitis C infection following administration of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, the pre-use predictive parameters of these antivirals and the clinical progression in patients post-treatment remain unknown. To obtain data pertaining to the predictive parameters prior to the use of ombitavir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir and the clinical progression in patients following antiviral treatment. The expression profiles of miR-223-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-24-3p, and TLR2 - 196 to - 174 del/ins polymorphisms from the blood/serum of 34 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients pre- and post-ombitavir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir treatment were determined by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of miR-17-5p (P < 0.001) and miR-24-3p (P = 0.011) were significantly downregulated post-treatment as compared with those pre-treatment; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of miR-223-3p expression. In addition, there was no significant difference in TLR2 genotype or allele distribution between pre-and post-treatment (P > 0.05); nevertheless, the TLR2 del allele was decreased post-treatment (16.2%) as compared with that pre-treatment (19.1%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, a significant difference was found between the mRNA levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and HCV RNA pre-and post-treatment (P < 0.05). Further, miR-17-5p expression correlated with both ALT and AST mRNA levels post-treatment (P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Öksüz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Enver Üçbilek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sami Serin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yaraş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gülhan Örekici Temel
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sezgin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Zhou YF, Song SS, Tian MX, Tang Z, Wang H, Fang Y, Qu WF, Jiang XF, Tao CY, Huang R, Zhou PY, Zhu SG, Zhou J, Fan J, Liu WR, Shi YH. Cystathionine β-synthase mediated PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 inactivation suppresses Tregs infiltration and induces apoptosis to inhibit HCC carcinogenesis. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003031. [PMID: 34413167 PMCID: PMC8380548 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by inflammation and immunopathogenesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that the cystathionine β-synthase/hydrogen sulfide (CBS/H2S) axis is involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, roles of CBS in HCC development and immune evasion have not been systematically investigated, and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the roles of CBS in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment of HCC. Methods 236 HCC samples were collected to detect the expression of CBS, cleaved Caspase-3 and paired related homeobox 2 (PRRX2) and the number of immune cells. HCC cell lines were employed to examine the effects of CBS on cellular viability, apoptosis and signaling in vitro. Cbs heterozygous knockout mice, C57BL/6 mice, nude mice and non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice were used to investigate the in vivo functions of CBS. Results Downregulation of CBS was observed in HCC, and low expression of CBS predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. CBS overexpression dramatically promoted cellular apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Activation of the Cbs/H2S axis also reduced the abundance of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, while Cbs deficiency promoted Tregs-mediated immune evasion and boosted tumor growth in Cbs heterozygous knockout mice. Mechanistically, CBS facilitated the expression cleaved Caspase-3 in tumor cells, and on the other hand, suppressed Foxp3 expression in Tregs via inactivating IL-6/STAT3 pathway. As a transcription factor of IL-6, PRRX2 was reduced by CBS. Additionally, miR-24-3p was proven to be an upstream suppressor of CBS in HCC. Conclusions Our results indicate the antitumor function of CBS in HCC by inactivation of the PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 pathway, which may serve as a potential target for HCC clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shu Song
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Xin Tian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Fei Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yang Tao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Guo Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education & Research Unit of Liver cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang SM, Yang PW, Feng XJ, Zhu YW, Qiu FJ, Hu XD, Zhang SH. Apigenin Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Affecting the Expression of microRNA Transcriptome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657665. [PMID: 33959508 PMCID: PMC8095173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin, as a natural flavonoid, has low intrinsic toxicity and has potential pharmacological effects against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms involving microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes regulated by apigenin in the treatment of HCC have not been addressed. Objective In this study, the molecular mechanisms of apigenin involved in the prevention and treatment of HCC were explored in vivo and in vitro using miRNA transcriptomic sequencing to determine the basis for the clinical applications of apigenin in the treatment of HCC. Methods The effects of apigenin on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion of human hepatoma cell line Huh7 and Hep3B were studied in vitro, and the effects on the tumorigenicity of Huh7 cells were assessed in vivo. Then, a differential expression analysis of miRNAs regulated by apigenin in Huh7 cells was performed using next-generation RNA sequencing and further validated by qRT-PCR. The potential genes targeted by the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using a curated miRTarBase miRNA database and their molecular functions were predicted using Gene Ontology and KEGG signaling pathway analysis. Results Compared with the control treatment group, apigenin significantly inhibited Huh7 cell proliferation, cell cycle, colony formation, and cell invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, apigenin reduced tumor growth, promoted tumor cell necrosis, reduced the expression of Ki67, and increased the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the xenograft tumors of Huh7 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the miRNA transcriptome showed that hsa-miR-24, hsa-miR-6769b-3p, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-6892-3p, hsa-miR-7107-5p, hsa-miR-1273g-3p, hsa-miR-1343, and hsa-miR-6089 were the most significantly up-regulated miRNAs, and their key gene targets were MAPK1, PIK3CD, HRAS, CCND1, CDKN1A, E2F2, etc. The core regulatory pathways of the up-regulated miRNAs were associated with the hepatocellular carcinoma pathway. The down-regulated miRNAs were hsa-miR-181a-5p and hsa-miR-148a-3p, and the key target genes were MAPK1, HRAS, STAT3, FOS, BCL2, SMAD2, PPP3CA, IFNG, MET, and VAV2, with the core regulatory pathways identified as proteoglycans in cancer pathway. Conclusion Apigenin can inhibit the growth of HCC cells, which may be mediated by up-regulation or down-regulation of miRNA molecules and their related target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Jun Qiu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao L, Shen J, Jia K, Shi F, Hao Q, Gao F. MicroRNA-24-3p Inhibits Microglia Inflammation by Regulating MK2 Following Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:843-852. [PMID: 33439430 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a functional impairment of the spinal cord caused by external forces, accompanied by limb movement disorders and permanent paralysis, which seriously lowers the life quality of SCI patients. Secondary injury caused by inflammation attenuated the therapeutic effects of SCI. Therefore, the exploration of biomarkers associated with the inflammatory response following SCI might provide novel therapy strategy against SCI.SCI rat model was established as previously reported and evaluated by BBB score. The expression of microRNA-24-3p (miR-24-3p) and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in spinal cord tissues of SCI rats and HAPI cells was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Protein expression of MK2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was assessed by western blot assay. The release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The interaction between miR-24-3p and MK2 was examined by the luciferase reporter system. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score dramatically reduced in rats following SCI compared with sham rats. Moreover, the expression of miR-24-3p was down-regulated, while MK2 was up-regulated in the spinal cord tissues of SCI rats and LPS-induced microglia cells compared with the corresponding control group. Luciferase reporter system confirmed the interaction between miR-24-3p and MK2. In addition, miR-24-3p upregulation or MK2 knockdown attenuated LPS induced activation of microglial cells and expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β. Besides, we discovered that miR-24-3p regulated inflammation of highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) cells by targeting MK2.In our study, we clarified that miR-24-3p repressed inflammation of microglia cells following SCI by regulating MK2, thereby providing promising biomarkers for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Yan'an University, Guanghua Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Yan'an University, Guanghua Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Abstract
In response to infections, human immune cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry a situationally adapted cocktail of proteins and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs), to coordinate the immune response. In this study, we identified hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-24-3p as the most common miRNAs in exosomes released by human monocytes in response to the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Functional analysis of miRNAs revealed that hsa-miR-24-3p, but not hsa-miR-21-5p, acted across species and kingdoms, entering C. albicans and inducing fungal cell growth by inhibiting translation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sol1. Packaging of hsa-miR-24-3p into monocyte exosomes required binding of fungal soluble β-glucan to complement receptor 3 (CR3) and binding of mannan to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in receptor colocalization. Together, our in vitro and in vivo findings reveal a novel cross-species evasion mechanism by which C. albicans exploits a human miRNA to promote fungal growth and survival in the host. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, communication between immune cells by extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs has emerged as an important regulator of the coordinated immune response. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the conversation occurring via miRNAs, especially during infection, may provide novel insights into both the host reaction to the microbe as well as the microbial response. This study provides evidence that the pathogenic fungus C. albicans communicates with human monocytes and induces the release of a human miRNA that promotes fungal growth. This mechanism represents an unexpected cross-species interaction and implies that an inhibition of specific miRNAs offers new possibilities for the treatment of human fungal infections.
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Liu R, Kong W, Zheng S, Yu C, Yu Y, Xu Y, Ye L, Shao Y. Prognostic significance of microRNA miR-24 in cancers: a meta-analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:450-460. [PMID: 33550881 PMCID: PMC8291878 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1875662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of miR-24 in tumors has not been determined. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the correlation between miR-24 and its prognostic value in cancers PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were used to search relevant articles (up to 1 October 2020). Studies that evaluated the prognostic value of miR-24 in tumors were included. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate survival outcomes and clinical characteristics. All data analyses were implemented using STATA 12.0 software. A total of 17 studies from 15 articles involving 1705 patients were collected for the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that elevated miR-24 expression was obviously associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.20-2.31). Furthermore, we also found that elevated miR-24 expression was positively correlated with tumor size (large or small) and tumor stage (III-IV vs I-II). Elevated miR-24 expression indicates poor prognosis and may be a promising prognostic marker in different cancers. Our findings needed to be verified through further investigations. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuling Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Jirak P, Wernly B, Lichtenauer M, Franz M, Knost T, Abusamrah T, Kelm M, Bimpong-Buta NY, Jung C. Next-generation sequencing analysis of circulating micro-RNA expression in response to parabolic flight as a spaceflight analogue. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:31. [PMID: 33298968 PMCID: PMC7606465 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding physiologic reactions to weightlessness is an indispensable requirement for safe human space missions. This study aims to analyse changes in the expression of circulating miRNAs following exposure to gravitational changes. Eight healthy volunteers (age: 24.5 years, male: 4, female: 4) were included. Each subject underwent 31 short-term phases of weightlessness and hypergravity induced by parabolic flight as a spaceflight analogue. At baseline, 1 and 24 h after parabolic flight, venous blood was withdrawn. Analysis of circulating miRNAs in serum was conducted by means of next generation sequencing. In total, 213 miRNAs were robustly detected (TPM > 5) by small RNA sequencing in all 24 samples. Four miRNAs evidenced a significant change in expression after adjusting for multiple testing. Only miR-223-3p showed a consistent significant decrease 24 h after parabolic flight compared to baseline values and values at 1 h after parabolic flight. miR-941 and miR-24-3p showed a significant decrease 24 h after parabolic flight compared to 1 h after parabolic flight but not to baseline values. miR-486-5p showed a significant increase 24 h after parabolic flight compared to 1 h after parabolic flight but not to baseline values. A target network analysis identified genes of the p53 signaling pathway and the cell cycle highly enriched among the targets of the four microRNAs. Our findings suggest cellular adaption to gravitational changes at the post-transcriptional level. Based on our results, we suggest a change in cell cycle regulation as potential explanation for adaptational changes observed in space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jirak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorben Knost
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thaer Abusamrah
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nana-Yaw Bimpong-Buta
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Shan QL, Chen NN, Meng GZ, Qu F. Overexpression of lncRNA MT1JP Mediates Apoptosis and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Regulating miR-24-3p. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4715-4724. [PMID: 32606962 PMCID: PMC7308148 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s249582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of the long non-coding (lnc) RNA MT1JP on the apoptosis and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Patients and Methods Patients with liver cancer admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng were included in this study. We transfected hepatocellular carcinoma cells with MT1JP and miR-24-3p and assessed their expression and effects on apoptosis and migration. Correlations were verified using a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-binding protein coimmunoprecipitation. Results The expression of MT1JP was downregulated (P < 0.05), whereas that of miR-24-3p was upregulated in liver cancer. Serum MT1JP levels were correlated with tumor size, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), TNM stage, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Both MT1JP overexpression and miR-24-3p inhibition inhibited cellular proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis rates. They significantly downregulated expression of the cell migration-associated proteins matrix metalloproteinase -2, -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) (P < 0.05). They upregulated the expression of Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinases (Caspase-3 and -9) proteins that are involved in apoptosis. They decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2; P < 0.05). A target relationship between MT1JP and miR-24-3p was identified using dual-luciferase gene reporter assays and RNA-binding protein coimmunoprecipitations. MT1JP overexpression significantly downregulated miR-24-3p expression (P < 0.05). MT1JP and miR-24-3p expression were negatively correlated in liver cancer tissues (r = −0.561, P < 0.001; Pearson χ2 tests). Rescue experiments showed that upregulating miR-24-3p expression could counteract MT1JP overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusion MT1JP, even when expressed at low levels, participates in the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of liver cancer cells by regulating miR-24-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li Shan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Zhi Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Qu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province 250022, People's Republic of China
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16
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Huang W, Gu J, Tao T, Zhang J, Wang H, Fan Y. MiR-24-3p Inhibits the Progression of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Through LAMB3 Downregulation. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1499. [PMID: 32039003 PMCID: PMC6985431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with several genetic syndromes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PDAC progression is still unknown. In this study, we showed that Laminin Subunit Beta 3 (LAMB3) was aberrantly overexpressed in PDAC and was closely associated with the overall survival rate of patients with PDAC. Functional studies demonstrated that LAMB3 played important roles in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and invasion capacity. Using bioinformatics analysis, we determined that miR-24-3p was an upstream miRNA of LAMB3, and further experiments verified that miR-24-3p regulated LAMB3 expression in PDAC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter system demonstrated that miR-24-3p directly targeted the LAMB3 3'UTR, and FISH assay confirmed that miR-24-3p and LAMB3 mRNA mostly resided in cytoplasm, accounting for their post-translational regulation. Rescue assay demonstrated that miR-24-3p exerted its anti-cancer role by suppressing LAMB3 expression. Finally, by using a subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model, we demonstrated that miR-24-3p overexpression inhibited the proliferation of PDAC by suppressing LAMB3 expression in vivo. Collectively, our results provide evidence that the miR-24-3p/LAMB3 axis plays a vital role in the progression of PDAC and indicate that the miR-24-3p/LAMB3 axis may represent a novel therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- Department of First Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyou Gu
- Department of First Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tao
- Department of First Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingfang Fan
- Department of First Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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He L, Ping F, Fan Z, Zhang C, Deng M, Cheng B, Xia J. Salivary exosomal miR-24-3p serves as a potential detective biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma screening. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109553. [PMID: 31704611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES miRNAs in salivary exosomes are used as novel non-invasive biomarkers for detection strategies of human disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of salivary exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for screening oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms of OSCC pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained from salivary exosomes of four healthy controls and four OSCC patients using miRNA microarray analysis. The expression of miR-24-3p in the salivary exosomes was then verified by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic power was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and colony formation assay. The target gene of miR-24-3p was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS A total of 109 miRNAs were found to be more than 2-fold altered in the salivary of patients and healthy individuals by miRNA microarray. qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed a significant increase of miR-24-3p in the salivary exosomes from 45 preoperative OSCC patients compared to 10 normal controls. ROC analysis showed that miR-24-3p has excellent diagnostic accuracy for OSCC (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.738; P = 0.02). Similarly, we found that miR-24-3p expressed a higher level in OSCC neoplastic tissues, suggesting that circulating miR-24-3p may originate from tumor cells. Furthermore, exogenous exosomal miR-24-3p increased proliferation of recipient malignant cells. Additionally, overexpression of miR-24-3p promoted the proliferation of OSCC cells and regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. Dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-24-3p can interact with PER1 directly. CONCLUSIONS Salivary exosomal miR-24-3p is a potential novel diagnostic biomarker for OSCC, and miR-24-3p can maintain the proliferation of OSCC cells through targeting PER1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Changjun L, Feizhou H, Dezhen P, Zhao L, Xianhai M. MiR-545-3p/MT1M axis regulates cell proliferation, invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:347-354. [PMID: 30227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that metallothionein 1 M (MT1M) is a tumor suppressor gene which is frequently down-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The methylation of MT1M promoter region is one of the important transcriptional regulation mechanisms that contribute to the loss of its expression. In our study, we found that there are still half of the 55 HCC tumor tissues in our cohort do not share the promoter methylation of MT1M. So, we speculated there maybe another mechanism participating in the downregulation of MT1M in HCC. Then, we provided evidences that miR-545-3p, which served as a tumor promoter, post-transcriptionally regulate MT1M in HCC through binding to its untranslated region (3'UTR). Taking together, we investigated the role of miR-545-3p in the process of HCC through regulating MT1M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Changjun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China; Department of General surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huang Feizhou
- Department of General surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Peng Dezhen
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Mao Xianhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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Fan JC, Zeng F, Le YG, Xin L. LncRNA CASC2 inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulating miR-24-3p. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6391-6397. [PMID: 29091305 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2), a recently discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), was confirmed to play numerous roles in several human cancers. However, the involvement and concrete mechanism of CASC2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still need to be further elucidated. The relative expressions of CASC2 and miR-24-3p in HCC tissue and cell lines were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of CASC2 and miR-24-3p on HCC cells were further assessed via cell viability and apoptosis. In vivo tumorigenesis assay was performed to verify the inhibition effect of CASC2 on the tumor growth and further clarify the important role of miR-24-3p in this mechanism. Compared with the paired normal tissues, the relative expression of CASC2 significantly reduced in the HCC tissues, while miR-24-3p as determined by qRT-PCR obviously increased in the HCC tissues. This observation was also found in HCC cell lines. Meanwhile, the expression of CASC2 was negatively related to miR-24-3p expression in the HCC tissues (r = -0.804, P < 0.001). CASC2 could negatively regulate the expression of miR-24-3p in vitro. Moreover, CASC2 overexpression resulted in the growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on HCC cells, but the up-regulation of miR-24-3p greatly eliminated the CASC2-induced effects. The tumorigenesis of HCC cells was restrained significantly by CASC2 overexpression as shown by decreased tumor volume and growth rate. However, miR-24-3p up-regulation rescued the inhibition of CASC2 on the tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. LncRNA CASC2 inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells through regulating miR-24-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Guan Le
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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20
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Weis BL, Guth N, Fischer S, Wissing S, Fradin S, Holzmann KH, Handrick R, Otte K. Stable miRNA overexpression in human CAP cells: Engineering alternative production systems for advanced manufacturing of biologics using miR-136 and miR-3074. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2027-2038. [PMID: 29665036 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells still represent the major production host for therapeutic proteins. However, multiple limitations have been acknowledged leading to the search for alternative expression systems. CEVEC's amniocyte production (CAP) cells are human production cells demonstrated to enable efficient overexpression of recombinant proteins with human glycosylation pattern. However, CAP cells have not yet undergone any engineering approaches to optimize process parameters for a cheaper and more sustainable production of biopharmaceuticals. Thus, we assessed the possibility to enhance CAP cell production capacity via cell engineering using miRNA technology. Based on a previous high-content miRNA screen in CHO-SEAP cells, selected pro-productive miRNAs including, miR-99b-3p, 30a-5p, 329-3p, 483-3p, 370-3p, 219-1-3p, 3074-5p, 136-3p, 30e-5p, 1a-3p, and 484-5p, were shown to act pro-productive and product independent upon transient transfection in CAP and CHO antibody expressing cell lines. Stable expression of miRNAs established seven CAP cell pools with an overexpression of the pro-productive miRNA strand. Subsequent small-scale screening as well as upscaling batch experiments identified miR-136 and miR-3074 to significantly increase final mAb concentration in CAP-mAb cells. Transcriptomic changes analyzed by microarrays identified several lncRNAs as well as growth and apoptosis-related miRNAs to be differentially regulated in CAP-mAb-miR-136 and -miR-3074. This study presents the first engineering approach to optimize the alternative human expression system of CAP-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Weis
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nadine Guth
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Cell Culture Development CMB, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
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21
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Fu CL, Pan B, Pan JH, Gan MF. Metallothionein 1M suppresses tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33037-33046. [PMID: 28380433 PMCID: PMC5464848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the metallothionein (MT) family are involved in metal detoxifcation and in the protection of cells against certain electrophilic carcinogens. In present study, it was found that MT1M was downregulated in more than 77.1% (91/118) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of MT1M inhibited cell viability, colony formation, cell migration and invasion in HCC cell lines and tumor cell growth in xenograft nude mice, and activated cell apoptosis in HCC cell lines. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis showed MT1M was negative or weak staining in tumor tissues but moderate or strong staining in adjacent non-tumor tissues. The sensitivity and specificity of MT1M for HCC diagnosis were 76.27% and 89.83%, respectively. In conclusion, MT1M was identified as a potential tumor marker for HCC and may serve as a useful therapeutic agent for HCC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Taizhou, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Bing Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Taizhou, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Ju-Hua Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Taizhou, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Mei-Fu Gan
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai 317000, China
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22
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Shen Z, Hao W, Zhou C, Deng H, Ye D, Li Q, Lin L, Cao B, Guo J. Long non-coding RNA AC026166.2-001 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the miR-24-3p/p27 axis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3375. [PMID: 29463827 PMCID: PMC5820272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AC026166.2-001 was found to be down-regulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and metastatic neck lymph nodes. Decreased AC026166.2-001 was associated with poorer prognosis and may act as a novel biomarker for LSCC patients. In this study, AC026166.2–001 was overexpressed by a lentivirus vector and down-regulated by a small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results of real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and a plate colony formation assay showed that AC026166.2–001 inhibited LSCC cell proliferation and the clone-forming capacity. Cell cycle distribution and related protein changes were measured by flow cytometry. AC026166.2–001 arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, AC026166.2–001 decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assays and transwell migration assays. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting results suggested that AC026166.2–001 acts as a sponge of miR-24-3p and regulates the expression of p27 and cyclin D1. The in vivo results showed that AC026166.2–001 significantly suppressed the growth of LSCC xenografts and promoted apoptosis. We validated the molecular mechanisms underlying AC026166.2–001 in LSCC. This is the first report of AC026166.2–001 acting as a tumor suppressor in LSCC by regulating the miR-24-3p/p27 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Wenjuan Hao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Lexi Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Krizkova S, Kepinska M, Emri G, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Pokorna P, Heger Z, Adam V. An insight into the complex roles of metallothioneins in malignant diseases with emphasis on (sub)isoforms/isoforms and epigenetics phenomena. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:90-117. [PMID: 28987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to a group of small cysteine-rich proteins that are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms. The main function of MTs is scavenging of free radicals and detoxification and homeostating of heavy metals. In humans, 16 genes localized on chromosome 16 have been identified to encode four MT isoforms labelled by numbers (MT-1-MT-4). MT-2, MT-3 and MT-4 proteins are encoded by a single gene. MT-1 comprises many (sub)isoforms. The known active MT-1 genes are MT-1A, -1B, -1E, -1F, -1G, -1H, -1M and -1X. The rest of the MT-1 genes (MT-1C, -1D, -1I, -1J and -1L) are pseudogenes. The expression and localization of individual MT (sub)isoforms and pseudogenes vary at intra-cellular level and in individual tissues. Changes in MT expression are associated with the process of carcinogenesis of various types of human malignancies, or with a more aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance. Hence, MT (sub)isoform profiling status could be utilized for diagnostics and therapy of tumour diseases. This review aims on a comprehensive summary of methods for analysis of MTs at (sub)isoforms levels, their expression in single tumour diseases and strategies how this knowledge can be utilized in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pokorna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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