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Zou C, Huang R, Lin T, Wang Y, Tu J, Zhang L, Wang B, Huang J, Zhao Z, Xie X, Huang G, Wang K, Yin J, Shen J. Age-dependent molecular variations in osteosarcoma: implications for precision oncology across pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382276. [PMID: 38841159 PMCID: PMC11150704 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a leading subtype of bone tumor affecting adolescents and adults. Comparative molecular characterization among different age groups, especially in pediatric, adolescents and adults, is scarce. Methods We collected samples from 194 osteosarcoma patients, encompassing pediatric, adolescent, and adult cohorts. Genomic analyses were conducted to reveal prevalent mutations and compare molecular features in pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients. Results Samples from 194 osteosarcoma patients across pediatric to adult ages were analyzed, revealing key mutations such as TP53, FLCN, NCOR1, and others. Children and adolescents showed more gene amplifications and HRD mutations, while adults had a greater Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB). Mutations in those over 15 were mainly in cell cycle and PI3K/mTOR pathways, while under 15s had more in cell cycle and angiogenesis with higher VEGFA, CCND3, TFEB mutations. CNV patterns varied with age: VEGFA and XPO5 amplifications more in under 25s, and CDKN2A/B deletions in over 25s. Genetic alterations in genes like MCL1 and MYC were associated with poor prognosis, with VEGFA mutations also indicating worse outcomes. 58% of patients had actionable mutations, suggesting opportunities for targeted therapies. Age-specific patterns were observed, with Multi-TKI mutations more common in younger patients and CDK4/6 inhibitor mutations in adults, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches in osteosarcoma. In a small group of patients with VEGFR amplification, postoperative treatment with multi-kinase inhibitors resulted in a PR in 3 of 13 cases, especially in patients under 15. A significant case involved a 13-year-old with a notable tumor size reduction achieving PR, even with other genetic alterations present in some patients with PD. Conclusion This study delineates the molecular differences among pediatric, adolescent, and adult osteosarcoma patients at the genomic level, emphasizing the necessity for precision diagnostics and treatment strategies, and may offer novel prognostic biomarkers for patients with osteosarcoma. These findings provide a significant scientific foundation for the development of individualized treatment approaches tailored to patients of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Zou
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxuan Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiao Lin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jian Tu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bo Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbiao Xie
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Junqiang Yin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Song Q, Shang K, Li Y, Jiang L, Yang L. Tspan protein family: focusing on the occurrence, progression, and treatment of cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:187. [PMID: 38649381 PMCID: PMC11035590 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Tetraspanins (Tspan) protein family, also known as the tetraspanin family, contains 33 family members that interact with other protein molecules such as integrins, adhesion molecules, and T cell receptors by forming dimers or heterodimers. The Tspan protein family regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, tissue differentiation, and immune response. More and more studies have shown that Tspan proteins are involved in tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thrombosis, tumor stem cell, and exosome signaling. Some drugs and microRNAs can inhibit Tspan proteins, thus providing new strategies for tumor therapy. An in-depth understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the Tspan protein family, which can promote or inhibit tumor development, will provide new strategies for targeted interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kaiwen Shang
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liangqian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Gong J, Hu S, Shan Q, Qin J, Han N, Xie F, Lu H. Bone metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer: genomic characterization and exploration of potential targets. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241239293. [PMID: 38510678 PMCID: PMC10953105 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241239293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bone metastasis (BM) seriously affects the quality of life and reduces the survival time of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The genomic characteristics and potential targets of BMs are yet to be fully explored. Objective To explore the genetic characteristics and potential targets of BM in NSCLC. Design In all, 83 patients with NSCLC were retrospectively selected in this study. Genomic characterization of BMs was explored with the analysis of NGS results from primary tumors and BMs in 6 patients, then combined with NGS results of lung tumors in 16 patients with initial recurrence in bone to analyze mutations potentially associated with BMs, and finally, the correlation was further validated in 61 postoperative patients. Methods The next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genomic differences between pulmonary primary tumors and BM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed in postoperative tumor tissues from patients who had undergone radical surgery to validate the predictive role of molecular targets for BM. The correlation between cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and BM was evaluated by Pearson's chi-square test. The university of alabama at birminghan cancer data analysis portal (UALCAN) was carried out for the detection of CDK4 expression in lung cancer and the relationship between CDK4 and clinicopathological parameters. The relationship between prognosis and CDK4 expression was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results The rate of gene amplification was increased (24% versus 36%) while gene substitution/indel was decreased (64% versus 52%) in BMs. The BM-specific mutations were analyzed in 16 recurrent patients which revealed the highest incidence of CDK4 amplification (18.8%). According to the Kaplan-Meier plotter database, the NSCLC patients with high CDK4 gene expression showed poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p < 0.05). The incidence of CDK4 amplification tended to be higher in recurrent patients compared to the patients without BM (18.8% versus 4.7%, p = 0.118). Conclusion Compared to the primary tumors of NSCLC, the genome of BMs showed an increased proportion of amplification and a decreased proportion of gene substitution/indel. Furthermore, the CDK4 amplification ratio seemed to be elevated in NSCLC patients with BM which may be associated with poor OS and RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qianyun Shan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Na Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fajun Xie
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongyang Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine, Gongshu, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
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Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhou L, Yang M, He S. The versatile roles of testrapanins in cancer from intracellular signaling to cell-cell communication: cell membrane proteins without ligands. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 36941633 PMCID: PMC10025802 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanins (TSPANs) are a family of four-transmembrane proteins with 33 members in mammals. They are variably expressed on the cell surface, various intracellular organelles and vesicles in nearly all cell types. Different from the majority of cell membrane proteins, TSPANs do not have natural ligands. TSPANs typically organize laterally with other membrane proteins to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) to influence cell adhesion, migration, invasion, survival and induce downstream signaling. Emerging evidence shows that TSPANs can regulate not only cancer cell growth, metastasis, stemness, drug resistance, but also biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (exosomes and migrasomes), and immunomicroenvironment. This review summarizes recent studies that have shown the versatile function of TSPANs in cancer development and progression, or the molecular mechanism of TSPANs. These findings support the potential of TSPANs as novel therapeutic targets against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Ma X, Qiu S, Tang X, Song Q, Wang P, Wang J, Xia Q, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Lu M. TSPAN31 regulates the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through the METTL1/CCT2 pathway. Transl Oncol 2022; 20:101423. [PMID: 35429902 PMCID: PMC9034387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Takashima Y, Komatsu S, Ohashi T, Kiuchi J, Kamiya H, Shimizu H, Arita T, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Fujiwara H, Tsuda H, Otsuji E. Overexpression of Tetraspanin31 contributes to malignant potential and poor outcomes in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1984-1998. [PMID: 35307915 PMCID: PMC9207375 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin has important functions in many cancers by aggregating with various proteins that interact with intracellular signaling proteins. The molecular function of Tetraspanin31 (TSPAN31), located in the 12q14 amplified region in various cancers, remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). We tested whether TSPAN31 acts as a cancer‐promoting gene through its activation or overexpression in GC. We analyzed seven GC cell lines and 189 primary tumors, which were curatively resected in our hospital between 2011 and 2013. Overexpression of the TSPAN31 protein was frequently detected in three GC cell lines (42.9%) and 62 primary GC specimens (32.8%). Overexpression of TSPAN31 was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, more advanced pT and pN stages, and a higher recurrence rate. Moreover, TSPAN31 positivity was an independent factor predicting worse patient outcomes (p = 0.0283, hazard ratio 3.97). Ectopic overexpression of TSPAN31 facilitated cell proliferation of GC cells, and knockdown of TSPAN31 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of GC cells through the PI3K‐Akt pathway and increased cell apoptosis in a TP53 mutation‐independent manner. In vivo analysis also revealed knockdown of TSPAN31 suppressed tumor progression. In addition, knockdown of TSPAN31 improved chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the suppression of ABCC2. These findings suggest that TSPAN31 plays a crucial role in tumor‐malignant potential through overexpression, highlighting its utility as a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takashima
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kiuchi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Becic A, Leifeld J, Shaukat J, Hollmann M. Tetraspanins as Potential Modulators of Glutamatergic Synaptic Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:801882. [PMID: 35046772 PMCID: PMC8761850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.801882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins (Tspans) comprise a membrane protein family structurally defined by four transmembrane domains and intracellular N and C termini that is found in almost all cell types and tissues of eukaryotes. Moreover, they are involved in a bewildering multitude of diverse biological processes such as cell adhesion, motility, protein trafficking, signaling, proliferation, and regulation of the immune system. Beside their physiological roles, they are linked to many pathophysiological phenomena, including tumor progression regulation, HIV-1 replication, diabetes, and hepatitis. Tetraspanins are involved in the formation of extensive protein networks, through interactions not only with themselves but also with numerous other specific proteins, including regulatory proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent studies showed that Tspan7 impacts dendritic spine formation, glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity, and that Tspan6 is correlated with epilepsy and intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation), highlighting the importance of particular tetraspanins and their involvement in critical processes in the CNS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of tetraspanin functions in the brain, with a particular focus on their impact on glutamatergic neurotransmission. In addition, we compare available resolved structures of tetraspanin family members to those of auxiliary proteins of glutamate receptors that are known for their modulatory effects.
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Meng Q, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhu X. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles impede the progression of cervical cancer via the miR-144-3p/CEP55 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1867-1883. [PMID: 33417281 PMCID: PMC7882924 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy, with a high incidence rate and mortality rate in middle‐aged women. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have been implicated in the initiation and subsequent development of cancer, along with the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intracellular communication by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). This study is aimed at investigating the physiological mechanisms by which EVs‐encapsulated miR‐144‐3p derived from hBMSCs might mediate the progression of cervical cancer. The expression profiles of centrosomal protein, 55 Kd (CEP55) and miR‐144‐3p in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues, were quantified by RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis. The binding affinity between miR‐144‐3p and CEP55 was identified using in silico analysis and luciferase activity determination. Cervical cancer cells were co‐cultured with EVs derived from hBMSCs that were treated with either miR‐144‐3p mimic or miR‐144‐3p inhibitor. Cervical cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis were detected in vitro. The effects of hBMSCs‐miR‐144‐3p on tumour growth were also investigated in vivo. miR‐144‐3p was down‐regulated, whereas CEP55 was up‐regulated in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues. CEP55 was targeted by miR‐144‐3p, which suppressed cervical cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted apoptosis via CEP55. Furthermore, similar results were obtained by hBMSCs‐derived EVs carrying miR‐144‐3p. In vivo assays confirmed the tumour‐suppressive effects of miR‐144‐3p in hBMSCs‐derived EVs on cervical cancer. Collectively, hBMSCs‐derived EVs‐loaded miR‐144‐3p impedes the development and progression of cervical cancer through target inhibition of CEP55, therefore providing us with a potential therapeutic target for treating cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Baofang Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
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