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Guo H, Wang H, Chen T, Guo L, Blank LM, Ebert BE, Huo YX. Engineering Critical Amino Acid Residues of Lanosterol Synthase to Improve the Production of Triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2685-2696. [PMID: 35921601 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a subgroup of terpenoids and have wide applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The heterologous production of various triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as other microbes, has been successfully implemented as these production hosts not only produce the precursor of triterpenoids 2,3-oxidosqualene by the mevalonate pathway but also allow simple expression of plant membrane-anchored enzymes. Nevertheless, 2,3-oxidosqualene is natively converted to lanosterol catalyzed by the endogenous lanosterol synthase (Erg7p), causing low production of recombinant triterpenoids. While simple deletion of ERG7 was not effective, in this study, the critical amino acid residues of Erg7p were engineered to lower this critical enzyme activity. The engineered S. cerevisiae indeed accumulated 2,3-oxidosqualene up to 180 mg/L. Engineering triterpenoid synthesis into the ERG7-modified strain resulted in 7.3- and 3-fold increases in the titers of dammarane-type and lupane-type triterpenoids, respectively. This study presents an efficient inducer-free strategy for lowering Erg7p activity, thereby providing 2,3-oxidosqualene for the enhanced production of various triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology-iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Birgitta E Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, St Luci a, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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2
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Wang J, Guo Y, Yin X, Wang X, Qi X, Xue Z. Diverse triterpene skeletons are derived from the expansion and divergent evolution of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases in plants. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:113-132. [PMID: 34601979 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites and exhibit diverse structures, which are derived from C30 skeletons that are biosynthesized via the isoprenoid pathway by cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene. Triterpenoids have a wide range of biological activities, and are used in functional foods, drugs, and as industrial materials. Due to the low content levels in their native plants and limited feasibility and efficiency of chemical synthesis, heterologous biosynthesis of triterpenoids is the most promising strategy. Herein, we classified 121 triterpene alcohols/ketones according to their conformation and ring numbers, among which 51 skeletons have been experimentally characterized as the products of oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). Interestingly, 24 skeletons that have not been reported from nature source were generated by OSCs in heterologous expression. Comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the identified 152 OSCs from 75 species in 25 plant orders show that several pentacyclic triterpene synthases repeatedly originated in multiple plant lineages. Comparative analysis of OSC catalytic reaction revealed that stabilization of intermediate cations, steric hindrance, and conformation of active center amino acid residues are primary factors affecting triterpene formation. Optimization of OSC could be achieved by changing of side-chain orientations of key residues. Recently, methods, such as rationally design of pathways, regulation of metabolic flow, compartmentalization engineering, etc., were introduced in improving chassis for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids. We expect that extensive study of natural variation of large number of OSCs and catalytical mechanism will provide basis for production of high level of triterpenoids by application of synthetic biology strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xue Yin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
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3
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Yu Y, Rasool A, Liu H, Lv B, Chang P, Song H, Wang Y, Li C. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high yield production of α-amyrin via synergistic remodeling of α-amyrin synthase and expanding the storage pool. Metab Eng 2020; 62:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Diao H, Chen N, Wang K, Zhang F, Wang YH, Wu R. Biosynthetic Mechanism of Lanosterol: A Completed Story. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Suzuki A, Aikawa Y, Ito R, Hoshino T. Oryza sativa
Parkeol Cyclase: Changes in the Substrate‐Folding Conformation and the Deprotonation Sites on Mutation at Tyr257: Importance of the Hydroxy Group and Steric Bulk. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2862-2875. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology andDepartment of Applied Biological ChemistryFaculty of AgricultureNiigata University Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950–2181 Japan
| | - Yuko Aikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology andDepartment of Applied Biological ChemistryFaculty of AgricultureNiigata University Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950–2181 Japan
| | - Ryousuke Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology andDepartment of Applied Biological ChemistryFaculty of AgricultureNiigata University Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950–2181 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology andDepartment of Applied Biological ChemistryFaculty of AgricultureNiigata University Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950–2181 Japan
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6
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Welander PV. Deciphering the evolutionary history of microbial cyclic triterpenoids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:270-278. [PMID: 31071437 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic triterpenoids are a class of lipids that have fascinated chemists, biologist, and geologist alike for many years. These molecules have diverse physiological roles in a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic organisms and a shared evolutionary ancestry that is reflected in the elegant biochemistry required for their synthesis. Cyclic triterpenoids are also quite recalcitrant and are preserved in sedimentary rocks where they are utilized as "molecular fossils" or biomarkers that can physically link microbial taxa and their metabolisms to a specific time or event in Earth's history. However, a proper interpretation of cyclic triterpenoid biosignatures requires a robust understanding of their function in extant organisms and in the evolutionary history of their biosynthetic pathways. Here, I review two potential cyclic triterpenoid evolutionary scenarios and the recent genetic and biochemical studies that are providing experimental evidence to distinguish between these hypotheses. The study of cyclic triterpenoids will continue to provide a wealth of information that can significantly impact the interpretation of lipid biosignatures in the rock record and provides a compelling model of how two natural repositories of evolutionary history available on Earth, the geologic record in sedimentary rocks and the molecular record in living organisms, can be linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Welander
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Rm 140, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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7
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Giner JL. Batatasenol, a Major Triterpenol from Sweet Potato Skins. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800439. [PMID: 30716207 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potatoes (the tuber of Ipomoea batatas) are a major food crop globally. The sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) is a serious pest of this important crop. The triterpenol, boehmerol, has previously been found in the skin of the tuber where, as its acetate ester, it has been shown to signal oviposition by the weevil. A new triterpenol, batatasenol, was identified in two varieties of sweet potatoes, 'Covington' and 'Purple Stokes'. In the 'Covington' variety, batatasenol was practically the only triterpenol present in the skins. In the 'Purple Stokes' variety, batatasenol was present along with boehmerol and several minor triterpenols. Based on the structures of the co-occurring compounds, it is proposed that their biosynthesis involves an epoxysqualene cyclase which can carry out both all-chair and B-boat cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Giner
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - ESF, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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8
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Rabelo VWH, Viegas DDJ, Tucci EMN, Romeiro NC, Abreu PA. Virtual screening and drug repositioning as strategies for the discovery of new antifungal inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:189-199. [PMID: 30193921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, and Candida albicans is the fourth leading agent of nosocomial infections. Mortality from this infection is significant; however, the therapeutic treatment is limited, which demands the search for new drugs and new targets. In this context, oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) catalyzes the cyclization of the 2,3-oxidosqualene to form lanosterol, an intermediate of ergosterol biosynthesis. Therefore, this enzyme constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify potential inhibitors of C. albicans OSC (CaOSC) from a marketed drugs database in order to discover new antifungal agents. The CaOSC 3D model was constructed using the Swiss-Model server and important features for CaOSC inhibition were identified by molecular docking of known inhibitors using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. Subsequently, virtual screening helped to identify calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, and other four drugs, as potential inhibitors of CaOSC. The selected drugs presented an interesting pattern of interactions with this enzyme, including hydrogen bond with Asp450, a key residue in the active site. Thus, the antifungal activity of calcitriol was evaluated in vitro against Candida spp strains. Calcitriol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis, which reinforces the potential of this compound as candidate of CaOSC inhibitor. In short, the present study provides important insights for the development of new oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors as antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daiane de Jesus Viegas
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erline Machado Neves Tucci
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Computação Científica, LICC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Identification of Key Amino Acid Residues Determining Product Specificity of 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase in Siraitia grosvenorii. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterols and triterpenes are structurally diverse bioactive molecules generated through cyclization of linear 2,3-oxidosqualene. Based on carbocationic intermediates generated during the initial substrate preorganization step, oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are roughly segregated into a dammarenyl cation group that predominantly catalyzes triterpenoid precursor products and a protosteryl cation group which mostly generates sterol precursor products. The mechanism of conversion between two scaffolds is not well understood. Previously, we have characterized a promiscuous OSC from Siraitia grosvenorii (SgCS) that synthesizes a novel cucurbitane-type triterpene cucurbitadienol as its main product. By integration of homology modeling, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we discover that five key amino acid residues (Asp486, Cys487, Cys565, Tyr535, and His260) may be responsible for interconversions between chair–boat–chair and chair–chair–chair conformations. The discovery of euphol, dihydrolanosterol, dihydroxyeuphol and tirucallenol unlocks a new path to triterpene diversity in nature. Our findings also reveal mechanistic insights into the cyclization of oxidosqualene into cucurbitane-type and lanostane-type skeletons, and provide a new strategy to identify key residues determining OSC specificity.
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10
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Xue Z, Tan Z, Huang A, Zhou Y, Sun J, Wang X, Thimmappa RB, Stephenson MJ, Osbourn A, Qi X. Identification of key amino acid residues determining product specificity of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase in Oryza species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1076-1088. [PMID: 29528490 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Triterpene synthases, also known as 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs), synthesize diverse triterpene skeletons that form the basis of an array of functionally divergent steroids and triterpenoids. Tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpene skeletons are synthesized via protosteryl and dammarenyl cations, respectively. The mechanism of conversion between two scaffolds is not well understood. Here, we report a promiscuous OSC from rice (Oryza sativa) (OsOS) that synthesizes a novel pentacyclic triterpene orysatinol as its main product. The OsOS gene is widely distributed in indica subspecies of cultivated rice and in wild rice accessions. Previously, we have characterized a different OSC, OsPS, a tetracyclic parkeol synthase found in japonica subspecies. Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses identified three key amino acid residues (#732, #365, #124) amongst 46 polymorphic sites that determine functional conversion between OsPS and OsOS, specifically, the chair-semi(chair)-chair and chair-boat-chair interconversions. The different orientation of a fourth amino acid residue Y257 was shown to be important for functional conversion The discovery of orysatinol unlocks a new path to triterpene diversity in nature. Our findings also reveal mechanistic insights into the cyclization of oxidosqualene into tetra- and pentacyclic skeletons, and provide a new strategy to identify key residues determining OSC specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Zhengwei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ancheng Huang
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juncong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ramesha B Thimmappa
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Michael J Stephenson
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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11
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Hoshino T, Nakagawa K, Aiba Y, Itoh D, Nakada C, Masukawa Y. Euphorbia tirucalli
β-Amyrin Synthase: Critical Roles of Steric Sizes at Val483 and Met729 and the CH-π Interaction between Val483 and Trp534 for Catalytic Action. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2145-2155. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan), E-mail: address
| | - Kazuya Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan), E-mail: address
| | - Yukari Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan), E-mail: address
| | - Daichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan), E-mail: address
| | - Chika Nakada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan), E-mail: address
| | - Yukari Masukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050 Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan), E-mail: address
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12
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Giner JL, Schroeder TN. Polygonifoliol, a New Tirucallane Triterpene from the Latex of the Seaside SandmatEuphorbia polygonifolia. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1126-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Chang CH, Wen HY, Shie WS, Lu CT, Li ME, Liu YT, Li WH, Wu TK. Protein engineering of oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase into triterpene monocyclase. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4214-9. [PMID: 23680980 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational modeling/protein engineering approach was applied to probe H234, C457, T509, Y510, and W587 within Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase (ERG7), which spatially affects the C-10 cation of lanosterol formation. Substitution of Trp587 to aromatic residues supported the "aromatic hypothesis" that the π-electron-rich pocket is important for the stabilization of electron-deficient cationic intermediates. The Cys457 to Gly and Thr509 to Gly mutations disrupted the pre-existing H-bond to the protonating Asp456 and the intrinsic His234 : Tyr510 H-bond network, respectively, and generated achilleol A as the major product. An H234W/Y510W double mutation altered the ERG7 function to achilleol A synthase activity and generated achilleol A as the sole product. These results support the concept that a few-ring triterpene synthase can be derived from polycyclic cyclases by reverse evolution, and exemplify the power of computational modeling coupled with protein engineering both to study the enzyme's structure-function-mechanism relationships and to evolve new enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Tian BX, Eriksson LA. Catalytic Mechanism and Product Specificity of Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase: A QM/MM Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13857-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Xue Tian
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland—Galway, Galway,
Ireland
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry
and
Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Chang CH, Chen YC, Tseng SW, Liu YT, Wen HY, Li WH, Huang CY, Ko CY, Wang TT, Wu TK. The cysteine 703 to isoleucine or histidine mutation of the oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae generates an iridal-type triterpenoid. Biochimie 2012; 94:2376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Liu YT, Hu TC, Chang CH, Shie WS, Wu TK. Protein engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase into parkeol synthase. Org Lett 2012; 14:5222-5. [PMID: 23043506 DOI: 10.1021/ol302341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase mutant, ERG7(T384Y/Q450H/V454I), produced parkeol but not lanosterol as the sole end product. Parkeol undergoes downstream metabolism to generate compounds 9 and 10. In vitro incubation of parkeol produced a product profile similar to that of the in vivo experiment. In summary, parkeol undergoes a metabolic pathway similar to that of cycloartenol in yeast but distinct from that of lanosterol in yeast, suggesting that two different metabolic pathways of postoxidosqualene cyclization may exist in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Saponins are one of the most numerous and diverse groups of plant natural products. They serve a range of ecological roles including plant defence against disease and herbivores and possibly as allelopathic agents in competitive interactions between plants. Some saponins are also important pharmaceuticals, and the underexplored biodiversity of plant saponins is likely to prove to be a vital resource for future drug discovery. The biological activity of saponins is normally attributed to the amphipathic properties of these molecules, which consist of a hydrophobic triterpene or sterol backbone and a hydrophilic carbohydrate chain, although some saponins are known to have potent biological activities that are dependent on other aspects of their structure. This chapter will focus on the biological activity and the synthesis of some of the best-studied examples of plant saponins and on recent developments in the identification of the genes and enzymes responsible for saponin synthesis.
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Yodsaoue O, Sonprasit J, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Tewtrakul S, Chantrapromma S. Diterpenoids and triterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves of Aglaia odorata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 76:83-91. [PMID: 22321385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the leaves of the oriental medicinal plant Aglaia odorata resulted in the isolation of five compounds: two dolabellane diterpenoids, two dammarane triterpenoids and a protostane triterpenoid, along with twenty known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their NMR spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The anti-inflammatory activities of all compounds were evaluated as inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell lines. Eleven compounds possessed potent nitric oxide inhibitory activity with IC(50) values ranging from 2.1 to 14.2 μM, these being better than that of the positive control, indomethacin (IC(50)=14.5 μM). In addition, three compounds exhibited significant activity against PGE(2) release with IC(50) values of 2.6, 16.1 and 23.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapun Yodsaoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Wu TK, Chang YC, Liu YT, Chang CH, Wen HY, Li WH, Shie WS. Mutation of isoleucine 705 of the oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects lanosterol's C/D-ring cyclization and 17α/β-exocyclic side chain stereochemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1092-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu TK, Chang CH, Wen HY, Liu YT, Li WH, Wang TT, Shie WS. Alteration of the Substrate’s Prefolded Conformation and Cyclization Stereochemistry of Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Substitution at Phenylalanine 699. Org Lett 2010; 12:500-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902694y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Kung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Wen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hsuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shiang Shie
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu TK, Li WH, Chang CH, Wen HY, Liu YT, Chang YC. Differential Stereocontrolled Formation of Tricyclic Triterpenes by Mutation of Tyrosine 99 of the Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Domingo V, Arteaga JF, Quílez del Moral JF, Barrero AF. Unusually cyclized triterpenes: occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:115-34. [PMID: 19374125 DOI: 10.1039/b801470c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic origin of most of triterpenes lies in cascade cyclizations and rearrangements of the acyclic precursors squalene (S) and 2,3-oxidosqualene (OS), processes leading to tetra- and pentacyclic triterpene skeleta. Apart from these, a number of triterpenoid structures derived from cyclization processes, that are different from those leading to tetra- and pentacyclic triterpenes, are also found in Nature. We have defined these processes as unusual cyclizations, and grouped them in three blocks, namely, incomplete cyclizations of the corresponding S-derived precursors, cyclizations of S or OS towards polycyclic triterpenes and subsequent cleavage of the preformed ring systems, and two independent cyclizations of the S- or OS-derived precursor. Apart from the molecules obtained from intact organisms, we will also consider the compounds obtained from in vitro cyclizations promoted by enzyme systems. After establishing which compounds could unambiguously be grouped under the term 'unusually cyclized triterpenes', this review moves on to the advances achieved in this kind of structure during the last ten years. These advances are presented in three parts. The first one presents the structure and biological properties of the unusual triterpenes reported in the last decade. The second part considers the main biosynthetic pathways which justify the formation of these triterpenes from their corresponding acyclic precursors. Finally, we look at the achievements made in different synthetic strategies directed at some of these molecules. One hundred and twenty-three references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriano Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Wu TK, Wang TT, Chang CH, Liu YT, Shie WS. Importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase Tyrosine 707 Residue for Chair-Boat Bicyclic Ring Formation and Deprotonation Reactions. Org Lett 2008; 10:4959-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Kung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Tsai-Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Yuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Wen-Shiang Shie
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (Republic of China)
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Wu TK, Wen HY, Chang CH, Liu YT. Protein Plasticity: A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Oxidosqualene−Lanosterol Cyclase Generates Protosta-13(17),24-dien-3β-ol, a Rearrangement Product. Org Lett 2008; 10:2529-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800799n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Kung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Wen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 300, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu TK, Chang CH, Liu YT, Wang TT. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeoxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase: A chemistry-biology interdisciplinary study of the protein's structure-function-reaction mechanism relationships. CHEM REC 2008; 8:302-25. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kolesnikova MD, Xiong Q, Lodeiro S, Hua L, Matsuda SPT. Lanosterol biosynthesis in plants. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 447:87-95. [PMID: 16445886 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants biosynthesize sterols from cycloartenol using a pathway distinct from the animal and fungal route through lanosterol. Described herein are genome-mining experiments revealing that Arabidopsis encodes, in addition to cycloartenol synthase, an accurate lanosterol synthase (LSS)--the first example of lanosterol synthases cloned from a plant. The coexistence of cycloartenol synthase and lanosterol synthase implies specific roles for both cyclopropyl and conventional sterols in plants. Phylogenetic reconstructions reveal that lanosterol synthases are broadly distributed in eudicots but evolved independently from those in animals and fungi. Novel catalytic motifs establish that plant lanosterol synthases comprise a third catalytically distinct class of lanosterol synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya D Kolesnikova
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 S. Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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