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Dreyer R, Pfukwa R, Barth S, Hunter R, Klumperman B. The Evolution of SNAP-Tag Labels. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:517-530. [PMID: 36607253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of proteins with synthetic molecules can be conducted in many different ways. In this Perspective, we focus on tag-based techniques and specifically on the SNAP-tag technology. The SNAP-tag technology makes use of a fusion protein between a protein of interest and an enzyme tag that enables the actual conjugation reaction. The SNAP-tag is based on the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) enzyme and is optimized to react selectively with O6-benzylguanine (BG) substrates. BG-containing dye derivatives have frequently been used to introduce a fluorescent tag to a specific protein. We believe that the site-specific conjugation of polymers to proteins can significantly benefit from the SNAP-tag technology. Especially, polymers synthesized via reversible deactivation radical polymerization allow for the facile introduction of a BG end group to enable SNAP-tag conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Dreyer
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Rueben Pfukwa
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa
| | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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2
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Badoux M, Billing M, Klok HA. Polymer brush interfaces for protein biosensing prepared by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses protein-binding polymer brushes and the various strategies that can be used to immobilize proteins on these films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Badoux
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique
- Laboratoire des Polymères
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Bâtiment MXD
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Mark Billing
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique
- Laboratoire des Polymères
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Bâtiment MXD
- CH-1015 Lausanne
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique
- Laboratoire des Polymères
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Bâtiment MXD
- CH-1015 Lausanne
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3
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Li S, Zhang A, Zatopek K, Parvez S, Gardner AF, Corrêa IR, Noren CJ, Xu MQ. Enhancing Multistep DNA Processing by Solid-Phase Enzyme Catalysis on Polyethylene Glycol Coated Beads. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2316-2324. [PMID: 29864273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Covalent immobilization of enzymes on solid supports provides an alternative approach to homogeneous biocatalysis by adding the benefits of simple enzyme removal, improved stability, and adaptability to automation and high-throughput applications. Nevertheless, immobilized (IM) enzymes generally suffer from reduced activity compared to their soluble counterparts. The nature and hydrophobicity of the supporting material surface can introduce enzyme conformational change, spatial confinement, and limited substrate accessibility, all of which will result in loss of the immobilized enzyme activity. In this work, we demonstrate through kinetic studies that flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties modifying the surface of magnetic beads improve the activity of covalently immobilized DNA replication enzymes. PEG-modified immobilized enzymes were utilized in library construction for Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) increasing the read coverage across AT-rich regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Aihua Zhang
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Kelly Zatopek
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Saba Parvez
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Andrew F Gardner
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Ivan R Corrêa
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Christopher J Noren
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
| | - Ming-Qun Xu
- New England Biolabs Inc. , 240 County Road , Ipswich , Massachusetts 01938 , United States
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4
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Quantifying ligand–cell interactions and determination of the surface concentrations of ligands on hydrogel films: The measurement challenge. Biointerphases 2015; 10:021007. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4919015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chemists and biologists have long recognized small molecule probes as powerful tools for functional genomics and proteomics studies. The possibility of specifically attaching chemical probes to individual proteins with spatial and temporal resolution has greatly improved our ability to visualize and characterize proteins in their native environment. The continued development of novel molecular probes for protein labeling is, therefore, of fundamental importance to gain new insights into biological processes in living cells and organisms. Several excellent approaches for the site-specific labeling of fusion proteins with chemical probes exist. Herein I discuss the design and generation of chemical probes for the SNAP-tag and CLIP-tag systems. The first part of this chapter is dedicated to reviewing the principles of the SNAP-tag technology, followed by a section dedicated to the development of chemical probes for unique applications, such as super-resolution imaging, protein trafficking and recycling, protein-protein interactions, and biomolecular sensing. The last part of the chapter contains experimental protocols and technical notes for the synthesis of selected SNAP-tag substrates and labeling of SNAP-tag fusion proteins in vitro and in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Corrêa
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA,
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6
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Hussain AF, Krüger HR, Kampmeier F, Weissbach T, Licha K, Kratz F, Haag R, Calderón M, Barth S. Targeted Delivery of Dendritic Polyglycerol–Doxorubicin Conjugates by scFv-SNAP Fusion Protein Suppresses EGFR+ Cancer Cell Growth. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2510-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and
Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Harald Rune Krüger
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kampmeier
- Department of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Tim Weissbach
- Department of Experimental Medicine
and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 20,
52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- mivenion GmbH, Robert-Koch-Platz 4, 10115,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Kratz
- Tumor Biology Center and Proquinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 79106, Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Experimental Medicine
and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 20,
52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074,
Aachen, Germany
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7
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Yameen B, Farrukh A. Polymer Brushes: Promises and Challenges. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1736-53. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wasserberg D, Uhlenheuer DA, Neirynck P, Cabanas-Danés J, Schenkel JH, Ravoo BJ, An Q, Huskens J, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L, Jonkheijm P. Immobilization of Ferrocene-Modified SNAP-Fusion Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4066-80. [PMID: 23429193 PMCID: PMC3588085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14024066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular assembly of proteins on surfaces has been investigated via the site-selective incorporation of a supramolecular moiety on proteins. To this end, fluorescent proteins have been site-selectively labeled with ferrocenes, as supramolecular guest moieties, via SNAP-tag technology. The assembly of guest-functionalized SNAP-fusion proteins on cyclodextrin- and cucurbit[7]uril-coated surfaces yielded stable monolayers. The binding of all ferrocene fusion proteins is specific as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Micropatterns of the fusion proteins, on patterned cyclodextrin and cucurbituril surfaces, have been visualized using fluorescence microscopy. The SNAP-fusion proteins were also immobilized on cyclodextrin vesicles. The supramolecular SNAP-tag labeling of proteins, thus, allows for the assembly of modified proteins via supramolecular host-guest interaction on different surfaces in a controlled manner. These findings extend the toolbox of fabricating supramolecular protein patterns on surfaces taking advantage of the high labeling efficiency of the SNAP-tag with versatile supramolecular moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Wasserberg
- Molecular NanoFabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.W.); (J.C.-D.); (Q.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Dana A. Uhlenheuer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.A.U.); (P.N.); (L.-G.M.)
| | - Pauline Neirynck
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.A.U.); (P.N.); (L.-G.M.)
| | - Jordi Cabanas-Danés
- Molecular NanoFabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.W.); (J.C.-D.); (Q.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Hendrik Schenkel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; E-Mails: (J.H.S.); (B.J.R.)
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universität Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany; E-Mails: (J.H.S.); (B.J.R.)
| | - Qi An
- Molecular NanoFabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.W.); (J.C.-D.); (Q.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.W.); (J.C.-D.); (Q.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.A.U.); (P.N.); (L.-G.M.)
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.A.U.); (P.N.); (L.-G.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.B.); (P.J.); Tel.: +31-53-489-2987 (P.J.); Fax: +31-53-489-4546 (P.J.)
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular NanoFabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (D.W.); (J.C.-D.); (Q.A.); (J.H.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.B.); (P.J.); Tel.: +31-53-489-2987 (P.J.); Fax: +31-53-489-4546 (P.J.)
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Suzuki KGN, Kasai RS, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A. Single-molecule imaging of receptor-receptor interactions. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 117:373-90. [PMID: 24143988 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408143-7.00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule imaging is a powerful tool for the study of dynamic molecular interactions in living cell plasma membranes. Herein, we describe a single-molecule imaging microscopy technique that can be used to measure lifetimes and densities of receptor dimers and oligomers. This method can be performed using a total internal reflection fluorescent microscope equipped with one or two high-sensitivity cameras. For dual-color observation, two images obtained synchronously in different colors are spatially corrected and then overlaid. Receptors must be expressed at low density in cell plasma membranes because high-density expression (>2 molecules/μm(2)) creates difficulty for tracking individual fluorescent spots. In addition, the receptors should be labeled with highly photostable fluorophores at high efficiency because short photobleaching lifetimes and low labeling efficiency of receptors reduce the probability of detecting dimers and oligomers. In this chapter, we describe methods for observing and detecting colocalization of the individual fluorescent spots of receptors labeled with fluorophores via small tags and the estimation of true dimer and oligomer lifetimes after correction with photobleaching lifetimes of fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS)/Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
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10
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Bio-Click Chemistry: Enzymatic Functionalization of PEGylated Capsules for Targeting Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7132-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Leung MKM, Hagemeyer CE, Johnston APR, Gonzales C, Kamphuis MMJ, Ardipradja K, Such GK, Peter K, Caruso F. Bio-Click Chemistry: Enzymatic Functionalization of PEGylated Capsules for Targeting Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Uhlenheuer DA, Wasserberg D, Haase C, Nguyen HD, Schenkel JH, Huskens J, Ravoo BJ, Jonkheijm P, Brunsveld L. Directed Supramolecular Surface Assembly of SNAP-tag Fusion Proteins. Chemistry 2012; 18:6788-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Klein Gunnewiek M, Di Luca A, Sui X, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L, Vancso GJ. Controlled Surface Initiated Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide from Polycaprolactone Substrates for Regulating Cell Attachment and Detachment. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Liu X, Wu Y, Gao Y, Wang J, Li Z, Han J, Jin G, Ma H. Tuning the surface chemistry of iPDMS for improved protein microarray performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Yi L, Chen YX, Lin PC, Schröder H, Niemeyer CM, Wu YW, Goody RS, Triola G, Waldmann H. Direct immobilization of oxyamine-modified proteins from cell lysates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10829-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Yang P, Marinakos SM, Chilkoti A. Spatially addressable chemoselective C-terminal ligation of an intein fusion protein from a complex mixture to a hydrazine-terminated surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1463-71. [PMID: 21142101 PMCID: PMC3189817 DOI: 10.1021/la104186n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein immobilization on surfaces is useful in many areas of research, including biological characterization, antibody purification, and clinical diagnostics. A critical limitation in the development of protein microarrays and heterogeneous protein-based assays is the enormous amount of work and associated costs in the purification of proteins prior to their immobilization onto a surface. Methods to address this problem would simplify the development of interfacial diagnostics that use a protein as the recognition element. Herein, we describe an approach for the facile, site-specific immobilization of proteins on a surface without any preprocessing or sample purification steps that ligates an intein fusion protein at its C-terminus by reaction with a hydrazine group presented by a surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this methodology can directly immobilize a protein directly from cell lysate onto a protein-resistant surface. This methodology is also compatible with soft lithography and inkjet printing so that one or more proteins can be patterned on a surface without the need for purification.
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Berrade L, Garcia AE, Camarero JA. Protein microarrays: novel developments and applications. Pharm Res 2010; 28:1480-99. [PMID: 21116694 PMCID: PMC3137928 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarray technology possesses some of the greatest potential for providing direct information on protein function and potential drug targets. For example, functional protein microarrays are ideal tools suited for the mapping of biological pathways. They can be used to study most major types of interactions and enzymatic activities that take place in biochemical pathways and have been used for the analysis of simultaneous multiple biomolecular interactions involving protein-protein, protein-lipid, protein-DNA and protein-small molecule interactions. Because of this unique ability to analyze many kinds of molecular interactions en masse, the requirement of very small sample amount and the potential to be miniaturized and automated, protein microarrays are extremely well suited for protein profiling, drug discovery, drug target identification and clinical prognosis and diagnosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent developments in the production, applications and analysis of protein microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Berrade
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 616, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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18
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Waichman S, Bhagawati M, Podoplelova Y, Reichel A, Brunk A, Paterok D, Piehler J. Functional immobilization and patterning of proteins by an enzymatic transfer reaction. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1478-85. [PMID: 20092261 DOI: 10.1021/ac902608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional immobilization and lateral organization of proteins into micro- and nanopatterns is an important prerequisite for miniaturizing bioanalytical and biotechnological devices. Here, we report an approach for efficient site-specific protein immobilization based on enzymatic phosphopantetheinyl transfer (PPT) from coenzyme A (CoA)-functionalized glass-type surfaces to specific peptide tags. We devised a bottom-up surface modification approach for coupling CoA densely to a molecular poly(ethylene glycol) polymer brush. Site-specific enzymatic immobilization of proteins fused to different target peptides for the PPTase Sfp was confirmed by real-time label-free detection. Quantitative protein-protein interaction experiments confirmed that significantly more than 50% of the immobilized protein was fully active. The method was successfully applied with different proteins. However, different immobilization efficiencies of PPT-based immobilization were observed for different peptide tags being fused to the N- and C-termini of proteins. On the basis of this immobilization method, we established photolithographic patterning of proteins into functional binary microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Waichman
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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19
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Weinrich D, Lin PC, Jonkheijm P, Nguyen U, Schröder H, Niemeyer C, Alexandrov K, Goody R, Waldmann H. Oriented Immobilization of Farnesylated Proteins by the Thiol-Ene Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Weinrich D, Lin PC, Jonkheijm P, Nguyen U, Schröder H, Niemeyer C, Alexandrov K, Goody R, Waldmann H. Oriented Immobilization of Farnesylated Proteins by the Thiol-Ene Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1252-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5437-527. [PMID: 19845393 DOI: 10.1021/cr900045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1218] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barbey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Gautier A, Nakata E, Lukinavičius G, Tan KT, Johnsson K. Selective Cross-Linking of Interacting Proteins Using Self-Labeling Tags. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17954-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907818q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gautier
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gražvydas Lukinavičius
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Sueda S, Tanaka H, Yamagishi M. A biotin-based protein tagging system. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Wong LS, Khan F, Micklefield J. Selective Covalent Protein Immobilization: Strategies and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4025-53. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shin Wong
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Farid Khan
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Hurst R, Hook B, Slater MR, Hartnett J, Storts DR, Nath N. Protein-protein interaction studies on protein arrays: effect of detection strategies on signal-to-background ratios. Anal Biochem 2009; 392:45-53. [PMID: 19464993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein arrays hold great promise for proteome-scale analysis of protein-protein interaction networks, but the technical challenges have hindered their adoption by proteomics researchers. The crucial issue of design and fabrication of protein arrays have been addressed in several studies, but the detection strategies used for identifying protein-protein interactions have received little attention. In this study, we evaluated six different detection strategies to identify four different protein-protein interaction pairs. We discuss each detection approach in terms of signal-to-background (S/B) ratio, ease of use, and adaptability to high-throughput format. Protein arrays for this study were made by expressing both the bait proteins (proteins captured at the surface) and prey proteins (probes) in cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) systems. Bait proteins were expressed as HaloTag fusions that allow covalent capture on a HaloTag ligand-coated glass without any prior protein purification step. Prey proteins were expressed and modified with either tags (protein or peptides) or labels (fluorescent or radiometric) for detection. This simple method for creating protein arrays in combination with our analyses of several detection strategies should increase the usefulness of protein array technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hurst
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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26
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Bannwarth M, Corrêa IR, Sztretye M, Pouvreau S, Fellay C, Aebischer A, Royer L, Ríos E, Johnsson K. Indo-1 derivatives for local calcium sensing. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:179-190. [PMID: 19193035 DOI: 10.1021/cb800258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of calcium in signal transduction relies on the precise spatial and temporal control of its concentration. The existing means to detect fluctuations in Ca2+ concentrations with adequate temporal and spatial resolution are limited. We introduce here a method to measure Ca2+ concentrations in defined locations in living cells that is based on linking the Ca2+-sensitive dye Indo-1 to SNAP-tag fusion proteins. Fluorescence spectroscopy of SNAP-Indo-1 conjugates in vitro showed that the conjugates retained the Ca2+-sensing ability of Indo-1. In a proof-of-principle experiment, local Ca2+ sensing was demonstrated in single cells dissociated from muscle of adult mice expressing a nucleus-localized SNAP-tag fusion. Ca2+ concentrations inside nuclei of resting cells were measured by shifted excitation and emission ratioing of confocal microscopic images of fluorescence. After permeabilizing the plasma membrane, changes in the bathing solution induced corresponding changes in nuclear [Ca2+] that were readily detected and used for a preliminary calibration of the technique. This work thus demonstrates the synthesis and application of SNAP-tag-based Ca2+ indicators that combine the spatial specificity of genetically encoded calcium indicators with the advantageous spectroscopic properties of synthetic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bannwarth
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan R. Corrêa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Sztretye
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison Street, Suite 1279JS, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison Street, Suite 1279JS, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Cindy Fellay
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annina Aebischer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leandro Royer
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison Street, Suite 1279JS, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Eduardo Ríos
- Section of Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison Street, Suite 1279JS, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Meier JL, Burkart MD. The chemical biology of modular biosynthetic enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2012-45. [DOI: 10.1039/b805115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Wang Y, Chiu JF, He QY. Genomics and Proteomics in Drug Design and Discovery. Pharmacology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-369521-5.00020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schröder H, Niemeyer CM, Waldmann H. Chemical strategies for generating protein biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9618-47. [PMID: 19025742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein biochips are at the heart of many medical and bioanalytical applications. Increasing interest has been focused on surface activation and subsequent functionalization strategies for immobilizing these biomolecules. Different approaches using covalent and noncovalent chemistry are reviewed; particular emphasis is placed on the chemical specificity of protein attachment and on retention of protein function. Strategies for creating protein patterns (as opposed to protein arrays) are also outlined. An outlook on promising and challenging future directions for protein biochip research and applications is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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30
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Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schröder H, Niemeyer C, Waldmann H. Chemische Verfahren zur Herstellung von Proteinbiochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Nath N, Hurst R, Hook B, Meisenheimer P, Zhao KQ, Nassif N, Bulleit RF, Storts DR. Improving Protein Array Performance: Focus on Washing and Storage Conditions. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:4475-82. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nath
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Robin Hurst
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Brad Hook
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Poncho Meisenheimer
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Kate Q. Zhao
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Nadine Nassif
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Robert F. Bulleit
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
| | - Douglas R. Storts
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711 and Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401
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32
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Chidley C, Mosiewicz K, Johnsson K. A designed protein for the specific and covalent heteroconjugation of biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1753-6. [PMID: 18754573 DOI: 10.1021/bc800268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugations often rely on adaptor molecules to cross-link different biomolecules. In this work, we introduce the molecular adaptor covalin, which is a protein chimera of two self-labeling proteins with nonoverlapping substrate specificity. Covalin permits a selective and covalent heteroconjugation of biomolecules displaying appropriate functional groups. Examples for the use of covalin include the specific heteroconjugation of a reporter enzyme to an antibody and of molecular probes to the surface of living cells. The efficiency and specificity of covalin-based bioconjugations together with the availability of a large variety of substrates create immediate and ubiquitous applications for covalin in bioconjugate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chidley
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Iversen L, Cherouati N, Berthing T, Stamou D, Martinez KL. Templated protein assembly on micro-contact-printed surface patterns. Use of the SNAP-tag protein functionality. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6375-6381. [PMID: 18484753 DOI: 10.1021/la7037075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Micro contact printing (microCP) has been established as a simple technique for high-resolution protein patterning for micro- and nanoarrays. However, as biochemical assays based on immobilized protein arrays progress from immunoassays to more delicate functional assays, the demand for methods of miniaturized, gentle, and oriented immobilization, which are applicable to many different target proteins, becomes larger. In this study, we present a novel microCP templated assembly approach, based on a recombinant SNAP-FLAG-HIS 10 (SFH) immobilization vehicle, which exploits the recently developed SNAP-tag protein. The SNAP-tag is derived from the human DNA repair protein hAGT, which covalently transfers the alkyl group of benzyl guanine (BG) substrates onto itself. We have designed a model SFH cassette carrying three tags (SNAP-tag, FLAG-tag, and HIS-tag), each of which can be used for fluorescence labeling or surface immobilization. When patterns of streptavidin modified with BG-biotin (streptavidin-BG) are stamped onto a surface, the SFH can subsequently assemble on the ligand pattern from solution, functioning as a general immobilization vehicle for high-resolution patterning of any protein expressed in the SFH cassette, in a gentle and oriented manner. Alternatively, the SFH can be site-selectively biotinylated using BG-biotin and, subsequently, assemble on stamped streptavidin. We exploit several ways to biotinylate the SFH protein via the SNAP-tag, promoting its templated assembly on micropatterns of streptavidin in four complementary formats. Quantitative analysis of the obtained patterns, revealed by immunostaining, indicates that all four approaches resulted in proper SFH immobilization and antibody recognition, demonstrating the versatility of the SFH cassette and the potential for high resolution patterning applications. Also, our data confirm that streptavidin can be stamped directly on surfaces, without loss of activity. While three strategies resulted in similar patterning efficiencies, one particular approach--namely templated assembly of SFH directly on streptavidin-BG patterns--resulted in an order of magnitude increase in patterning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Iversen
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Subunit-specific surface mobility of differentially labeled AMPA receptor subunits. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:763-78. [PMID: 18547676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral mobility of AMPA-type glutamate receptors as well as their trafficking between plasma membrane and intracellular compartments are major mechanisms for the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Here we applied a recently established labeling technique in combination with lentiviral expression in hippocampal neurons to label individual ACP-tagged AMPA receptor subunits specifically at the surface of neurons. We show that this technique allows the differential labeling of two receptor subunits on the same cell. Moreover, these subunits are integrated into heteromeric receptors together with endogenous subunits, and these labeled receptors are targeted to active synapses. Sequential labeling experiments indicate that there is basal surface insertion of GluR1, GluR2 and GluR3, and that this insertion is strongly increased following potassium depolarization. Moreover, we found that ACP-labeled GluR3 shows the highest surface mobility among GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3. In double-infected neurons the diffusion coefficient of labeled GluR2 at the surface of living neurons is significantly higher in GluR2/GluR3-infected neurons compared to GluR1/GluR2-infected neurons suggesting a higher mobility of GluR2/3 receptors compared to GluR1/2 receptors. These results indicate that surface mobility is regulated by different subunit compositions of AMPA receptors.
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35
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Banala S, Arnold A, Johnsson K. Caged substrates for protein labeling and immobilization. Chembiochem 2008; 9:38-41. [PMID: 18033718 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambashiva Banala
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Tugulu S, Klok HA. Stability and Nonfouling Properties of Poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) Brushes under Cell Culture Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:906-12. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tugulu
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Gurard-Levin ZA, Mrksich M. Combining self-assembled monolayers and mass spectrometry for applications in biochips. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:767-800. [PMID: 20636097 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochip arrays have enabled the massively parallel analysis of genomic DNA and hold great promise for application to the analysis of proteins, carbohydrates, and small molecules. Surface chemistry plays an intrinsic role in the preparation and analysis of biochips by providing functional groups for immobilization of ligands, providing an environment that maintains activity of the immobilized molecules, controlling nonspecific interactions of analytes with the surface, and enabling detection methods. This review describes recent advances in surface chemistry that enable quantitative assays of a broad range of biochemical activities. The discussion emphasizes the use of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold as a structurally well-defined and synthetically flexible platform for controlling the immobilization and activity of molecules in an array. The review also surveys recent methods of performing label-free assays, and emphasizes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to directly observe molecules attached to the self-assembled monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Gurard-Levin
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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38
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Stein V, Sielaff I, Johnsson K, Hollfelder F. A Covalent Chemical Genotype–Phenotype Linkage for in vitro Protein Evolution. Chembiochem 2007; 8:2191-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Mottram LF, Maddox E, Schwab M, Beaufils F, Peterson BR. A concise synthesis of the Pennsylvania Green fluorophore and labeling of intracellular targets with O6-benzylguanine derivatives. Org Lett 2007; 9:3741-4. [PMID: 17705395 DOI: 10.1021/ol7015093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report improved syntheses of the Pennsylvania Green and 4-carboxy-Pennsylvania Green fluorophores; the latter compound was prepared from methyl 4-iodo-3-methylbenzoate in a three-pot process (32% overall yield). Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase fusion proteins were treated with Pennsylvania Green and Oregon Green linked to O6-benzylguanine (SNAP-Tag substrates). Analysis of living cells by confocal microscopy revealed that Pennsylvania Green derivatives exhibit substantially higher cell permeability than analogous Oregon Green-derived molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie F Mottram
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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40
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Camarero JA. Recent developments in the site-specific immobilization of proteins onto solid supports. Biopolymers 2007; 90:450-8. [PMID: 17618518 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of proteins onto surfaces is of great importance in numerous applications, including protein analysis, drug screening, and medical diagnostics, among others. The success of all these technologies relies on the immobilization technique employed to attach a protein to the corresponding surface. Non-specific physical adsorption or chemical cross-linking with appropriate surfaces results in the immobilization of the protein in random orientations. Site-specific covalent attachment, on the other hand, leads to molecules being arranged in a definite, orderly fashion and allows the use of spacers and linkers to help minimize steric hindrances between the protein and the surface. The present work reviews the latest chemical and biochemical developments for the site-specific covalent attachment of proteins onto solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Camarero
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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41
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Abstract
In the past few years, protein biochips have emerged as promising proteomic and diagnostic tools for obtaining information about protein functions and interactions. Important technological innovations have been made. However, considerable development is still required, especially regarding protein immobilization, in order to fully realize the potential of protein biochips. In fact, protein immobilization is the key to the success of microarray technology. Proteins need to be immobilized onto surfaces with high density in order to allow the usage of small amount of sample solution. Nonspecific protein adsorption needs to be avoided or at least minimized in order to improve detection performances. Moreover, full retention of protein conformation and activity is a challenging task to be accomplished. Although a large number of review papers on protein biochips have been published in recent years, few have focused on protein immobilization technology. In this review, current protein immobilization strategies, including physical, covalent, and bioaffinity immobilization for the fabrication of protein biochips, are described. Particular consideration has been given to oriented immobilization, also referred to as site-specific immobilization, which is believed will improve homogeneous surface covering and accessibility of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rusmini
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM), Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMTI), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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42
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Abstract
In the continuous drive to increase screening throughput and reduce sample requirement, microarray-based
technologies have risen to the occasion. In the past 7 years, a number of new methodologies have
been developed for preparing small molecule microarrays from combinatorial and natural product libraries
with the goal of identifying new interactions or enzymatic activities. Recent advances and applications
of small molecule microarrays are reviewed.
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43
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Blank K, Morfill J, Gaub HE. Site-specific immobilization of genetically engineered variants of Candida antarctica lipase B. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1349-51. [PMID: 16871616 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Blank
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience, LMU München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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