1
|
De Pascale M, Bissegger L, Tarantelli C, Beaufils F, Prescimone A, Mohamed Seid Hedad H, Kayali O, Orbegozo C, Raguž L, Schaefer T, Hebeisen P, Bertoni F, Wymann MP, Borsari C. Investigation of morpholine isosters for the development of a potent, selective and metabolically stable mTOR kinase inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115038. [PMID: 36634458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling drives various types of cancers and neurological diseases. Rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogs) are first generation mTOR inhibitors, and selectively block mTOR complex 1 (TORC1) by an allosteric mechanism. In contrast, second generation ATP-binding site inhibitors of mTOR kinase (TORKi) target both TORC1 and TORC2. Here, we explore 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP) and tetrahydro-2H-pyran (THP) as isosteres of the morpholine moiety to unlock a novel chemical space for TORKi generation. A library of DHP- and THP-substituted triazines was prepared, and molecular modelling provided a rational for a structure activity relationship study. Finally, compound 11b [5-(4-(3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine] was selected due its potency and selectivity for mTOR kinase over the structurally related class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) isoforms. 11b displayed high metabolic stability towards CYP1A1 degradation, which is of advantage in drug development. After oral administration to male Sprague Dawley rats, 11b reached high concentrations both in plasma and brain, revealing an excellent oral bioavailability. In a metabolic stability assay using human hepatocytes, 11b was more stable than PQR620, the first-in-class brain penetrant TORKi. Compound 11b also displayed dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) cell lines as single agent and when combined with BCL2 inhibition (venetoclax). Our results identify the THP-substituted triazine core as a novel scaffold for the development of metabolically stable TORKi for the treatment of chronic diseases and cancers driven by mTOR deregulation and requiring drug distribution also to the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Pascale
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bissegger
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Omar Kayali
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Clara Orbegozo
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luka Raguž
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schaefer
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Borsari
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Celle A, Esteves P, Cardouat G, Beaufils F, Eyraud E, Dupin I, Maurat E, Lacomme S, Ousova O, Begueret H, Thumerel M, Marthan R, Girodet P, Berger P, Trian T. Human Rhinovirus induces specific bronchial smooth muscle cell migration toward bronchial epithelium in severe asthma through the CXCL10/CXCR3-A axis. Rev Mal Respir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
|
4
|
Borsari C, Keles E, Rageot D, Treyer A, Bohnacker T, Bissegger L, De Pascale M, Melone A, Sriramaratnam R, Beaufils F, Hamburger M, Hebeisen P, Löscher W, Fabbro D, Hillmann P, Wymann MP. 4-(Difluoromethyl)-5-(4-((3 R,5 S)-3,5-dimethylmorpholino)-6-(( R)-3-methylmorpholino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR626), a Potent, Orally Available, and Brain-Penetrant mTOR Inhibitor for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13595-13617. [PMID: 33166139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is hyperactivated in cancer and neurological disorders. Rapalogs and mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKi) have recently been applied to alleviate epileptic seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Herein, we describe a pharmacophore exploration to identify a highly potent, selective, brain penetrant TORKi. An extensive investigation of the morpholine ring engaging the mTOR solvent exposed region led to the discovery of PQR626 (8). 8 displayed excellent brain penetration and was well-tolerated in mice. In mice with a conditionally inactivated Tsc1 gene in glia, 8 significantly reduced the loss of Tsc1-induced mortality at 50 mg/kg p.o. twice a day. 8 overcomes the metabolic liabilities of PQR620 (52), the first-in-class brain penetrant TORKi showing efficacy in a TSC mouse model. The improved stability in human hepatocytes, excellent brain penetration, and efficacy in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice qualify 8 as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erhan Keles
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Treyer
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bissegger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina De Pascale
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rohitha Sriramaratnam
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tetard C, Mittaine M, Beaufils F, Bui S, Clouzeau H, Galodé F, Collet C, Fayon M, Lamireau T, Burgel PR, Delhaes L, Mas E, Enaud R. WS03.4 Lumacaftor/ivacaftor improves the intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Singer E, Walter C, Fabbro D, Rageot D, Beaufils F, Wymann MP, Rischert N, Riess O, Hillmann P, Nguyen HP. Brain-penetrant PQR620 mTOR and PQR530 PI3K/mTOR inhibitor reduce huntingtin levels in cell models of HD. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107812. [PMID: 31622602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Huntington disease (HD) is accumulation of the disease-causing mutant huntingtin (mHTT), which leads to the disruption of a variety of cellular functions, ultimately resulting in cell death. Induction of autophagy, for example by the inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, has been shown to reduce HTT levels and aggregates. While rapalogs like rapamycin allosterically inhibit the mTOR complex 1 (TORC1), ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors suppress activities of TORC1 and TORC2 and have been shown to be more efficient in inducing autophagy and reducing protein levels and aggregates than rapalogs. The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier of first generation catalytic mTOR inhibitors has so far been limited, and therefore sufficient target coverage in the brain could not be reached. Two novel, brain penetrant compounds - the mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR620, and the dual pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor PQR530 - were evaluated by assessing their potential to induce autophagy and reducing mHTT levels. For this purpose, expression levels of autophagic markers and well-defined mTOR targets were analyzed in STHdh cells and HEK293T cells and in mouse brains. Both compounds potently inhibited mTOR signaling in cell models as well as in mouse brain. As proof of principle, reduction of aggregates and levels of soluble mHTT were demonstrated upon treatment with both compounds. Originally developed for cancer treatment, these second generation mTORC1/2 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors show brain penetrance and efficacy in cell models of HD, making them candidate molecules for further investigations in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Singer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, Basel, 4057, Switzerland.
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Florent Beaufils
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, Basel, 4057, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Nadine Rischert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, Basel, 4057, Switzerland.
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borsari C, Rageot D, Beaufils F, Bohnacker T, Keles E, Buslov I, Melone A, Sele AM, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Hillmann P, Wymann MP. Preclinical Development of PQR514, a Highly Potent PI3K Inhibitor Bearing a Difluoromethyl-Pyrimidine Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1473-1479. [PMID: 31620236 PMCID: PMC6792169 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mechanistic target of rapamycin
(mTOR) pathway is a critical regulator of cell growth and is frequently
hyperactivated in cancer. Therefore, PI3K inhibitors represent a valuable
asset in cancer therapy. Herein we have developed a novel anticancer
agent, the potent pan-PI3K inhibitor PQR514 (4), which
is a follow-up compound for the phase-II clinical compound PQR309
(1). Compound 4 has an improved potency
both in vitro and in cellular assays with respect to its predecessor
compounds. It shows superiority in the suppression of cancer cell
proliferation and demonstrates significant antitumor activity in an
OVCAR-3 xenograft model at concentrations approximately eight times
lower than PQR309 (1). The favorable pharmacokinetic
profile and a minimal brain penetration promote PQR514 (4) as an optimized candidate for the treatment of systemic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erhan Keles
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Buslov
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M. Sele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rageot D, Beaufils F, Borsari C, Dall’Asen A, Neuburger M, Hebeisen P, Wymann MP. Scalable, Economical, and Practical Synthesis of 4-(Difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine, a Key Intermediate for Lipid Kinase Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alix Dall’Asen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Hochbergerstrasse 60, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borsari C, Rageot D, Dall'Asen A, Bohnacker T, Melone A, Sele AM, Jackson E, Langlois JB, Beaufils F, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Hillmann P, Wymann MP. A Conformational Restriction Strategy for the Identification of a Highly Selective Pyrimido-pyrrolo-oxazine mTOR Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8609-8630. [PMID: 31465220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a pivotal role in growth and tumor progression and is an attractive target for cancer treatment. ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKi) have the potential to overcome limitations of rapamycin derivatives in a wide range of malignancies. Herein, we exploit a conformational restriction approach to explore a novel chemical space for the generation of TORKi. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of compound 12b with a ∼450-fold selectivity for mTOR over class I PI3K isoforms. Pharmacokinetic studies in male Sprague Dawley rats highlighted a good exposure after oral dosing and a minimum brain penetration. CYP450 reactive phenotyping pointed out the high metabolic stability of 12b. These results identify the tricyclic pyrimido-pyrrolo-oxazine moiety as a novel scaffold for the development of highly selective mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Alix Dall'Asen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Sele
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Eileen Jackson
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Langlois
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rageot D, Bohnacker T, Keles E, McPhail JA, Hoffmann RM, Melone A, Borsari C, Sriramaratnam R, Sele AM, Beaufils F, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Hillmann P, Burke JE, Wymann MP. ( S)-4-(Difluoromethyl)-5-(4-(3-methylmorpholino)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR530), a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, and Brain-Penetrable Dual Inhibitor of Class I PI3K and mTOR Kinase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6241-6261. [PMID: 31244112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently overactivated in cancer, and drives cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Here, we report a structure-activity relationship study, which led to the discovery of a drug-like adenosine 5'-triphosphate-site PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor: (S)-4-(difluoromethyl)-5-(4-(3-methylmorpholino)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR530, compound 6), which qualifies as a clinical candidate due to its potency and specificity for PI3K and mTOR kinases, and its pharmacokinetic properties, including brain penetration. Compound 6 showed excellent selectivity over a wide panel of kinases and an excellent selectivity against unrelated receptor enzymes and ion channels. Moreover, compound 6 prevented cell growth in a cancer cell line panel. The preclinical in vivo characterization of compound 6 in an OVCAR-3 xenograft model demonstrated good oral bioavailability, excellent brain penetration, and efficacy. Initial toxicity studies in rats and dogs qualify 6 for further development as a therapeutic agent in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Erhan Keles
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jacob A McPhail
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Reece M Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Rohitha Sriramaratnam
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Sele
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tarantelli C, Gaudio E, Hillmann P, Spriano F, Sartori G, Aresu L, Cascione L, Rageot D, Kwee I, Beaufils F, Zucca E, Stathis A, Wymann MP, Cmiljanovic V, Fabbro D, Bertoni F. The Novel TORC1/2 Kinase Inhibitor PQR620 Has Anti-Tumor Activity in Lymphomas as a Single Agent and in Combination with Venetoclax. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E775. [PMID: 31167506 PMCID: PMC6627883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade is an important therapeutic target for lymphomas. Rapamycin-derivates as allosteric mTOR complex 1 (TORC1) inhibitors have shown moderate preclinical and clinical anti-lymphoma activity. Here, we assessed the anti-tumor activity of PQR620, a novel brain penetrant dual TORC1/2 inhibitor, in 56 lymphoma cell lines. We observed anti-tumor activity across 56 lymphoma models with a median IC50 value of 250 nM after 72 h of exposure. PQR620 was largely cytostatic, but the combination with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax led to cytotoxicity. Both the single agent and the combination data were validated in xenograft models. The data support further evaluation of PQR620 as a single agent or in combination with venetoclax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | | | - Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Giulio Sartori
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rageot D, Bohnacker T, Melone A, Langlois JB, Borsari C, Hillmann P, Sele AM, Beaufils F, Zvelebil M, Hebeisen P, Löscher W, Burke J, Fabbro D, Wymann MP. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 5-[4,6-Bis({3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl})-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-4-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR620), a Highly Potent and Selective mTORC1/2 Inhibitor for Cancer and Neurological Disorders. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10084-10105. [PMID: 30359003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes cell proliferation, growth, and survival and is overactivated in many tumors and central nervous system disorders. PQR620 (3) is a novel, potent, selective, and brain penetrable inhibitor of mTORC1/2 kinase. PQR620 (3) showed excellent selectivity for mTOR over PI3K and protein kinases and efficiently prevented cancer cell growth in a 66 cancer cell line panel. In C57BL/6J and Sprague-Dawley mice, maximum concentration ( Cmax) in plasma and brain was reached after 30 min, with a half-life ( t1/2) > 5 h. In an ovarian carcinoma mouse xenograft model (OVCAR-3), daily dosing of PQR620 (3) inhibited tumor growth significantly. Moreover, PQR620 (3) attenuated epileptic seizures in a tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mouse model. In conclusion, PQR620 (3) inhibits mTOR kinase potently and selectively, shows antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo, and promises advantages in CNS indications due to its brain/plasma distribution ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Langlois
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Sele
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marketa Zvelebil
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, and Center for Systems Neuroscience , 30559 Hannover , Germany
| | - John Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60 , 4057 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brandt C, Hillmann P, Noack A, Römermann K, Öhler LA, Rageot D, Beaufils F, Melone A, Sele AM, Wymann MP, Fabbro D, Löscher W. The novel, catalytic mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR620 and the PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR530 effectively cross the blood-brain barrier and increase seizure threshold in a mouse model of chronic epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:107-120. [PMID: 30081001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway has emerged as a possible therapeutic target for epilepsy. Clinical trials have shown that mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus reduce seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex patients with intractable epilepsy. Furthermore, accumulating preclinical data suggest that mTOR inhibitors may have anti-seizure or anti-epileptogenic actions in other types of epilepsy. However, the chronic use of rapalogs such as everolimus is limited by poor tolerability, particularly by immunosuppression, poor brain penetration and induction of feedback loops which might contribute to their limited therapeutic efficacy. Here we describe two novel, brain-permeable and well tolerated small molecule 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, the catalytic mTORC1/C2 inhibitor PQR620 and the dual pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PQR530. These derivatives were compared with the mTORC1 inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus as well as the anti-seizure drugs phenobarbital and levetiracetam. The anti-seizure potential of these compounds was determined by evaluating the electroconvulsive seizure threshold in normal and epileptic mice. Rapamycin and everolimus only poorly penetrated into the brain (brain:plasma ratio 0.0057 for rapamycin and 0.016 for everolimus). In contrast, the novel compounds rapidly entered the brain, reaching brain:plasma ratios of ∼1.6. Furthermore, they significantly decreased phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein in the hippocampus of normal and epileptic mice, demonstrating effective mTOR inhibition. PQR620 and PQR530 significantly increased seizure threshold at tolerable doses. The effect of PQR620 was more marked in epileptic vs. nonepileptic mice, matching the efficacy of levetiracetam. Overall, the novel compounds described here have the potential to overcome the disadvantages of rapalogs for treatment of epilepsy and mTORopathies directly connected to mutations in the mTOR signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Noack
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leon A Öhler
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Sele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tarantelli C, Gaudio E, Arribas AJ, Kwee I, Hillmann P, Rinaldi A, Cascione L, Spriano F, Bernasconi E, Guidetti F, Carrassa L, Pittau RB, Beaufils F, Ritschard R, Rageot D, Sele A, Dossena B, Rossi FM, Zucchetto A, Taborelli M, Gattei V, Rossi D, Stathis A, Stussi G, Broggini M, Wymann MP, Wicki A, Zucca E, Cmiljanovic V, Fabbro D, Bertoni F. PQR309 Is a Novel Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor with Preclinical Antitumor Activity in Lymphomas as a Single Agent and in Combination Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:120-129. [PMID: 29066507 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway is recurrent in different lymphoma types, and pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway has shown activity in lymphoma patients. Here, we extensively characterized the in vitro and in vivo activity and the mechanism of action of PQR309 (bimiralisib), a novel oral selective dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor under clinical evaluation, in preclinical lymphoma models.Experimental Design: This study included preclinical in vitro activity screening on a large panel of cell lines, both as single agent and in combination, validation experiments on in vivo models and primary cells, proteomics and gene-expression profiling, and comparison with other signaling inhibitors.Results: PQR309 had in vitro antilymphoma activity as single agent and in combination with venetoclax, panobinostat, ibrutinib, lenalidomide, ARV-825, marizomib, and rituximab. Sensitivity to PQR309 was associated with specific baseline gene-expression features, such as high expression of transcripts coding for the BCR pathway. Combining proteomics and RNA profiling, we identified the different contribution of PQR309-induced protein phosphorylation and gene expression changes to the drug mechanism of action. Gene-expression signatures induced by PQR309 and by other signaling inhibitors largely overlapped. PQR309 showed activity in cells with primary or secondary resistance to idelalisib.Conclusions: On the basis of these results, PQR309 appeared as a novel and promising compound that is worth developing in the lymphoma setting. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 120-9. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarantelli
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto J Arribas
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), Manno, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Spriano
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elena Bernasconi
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Guidetti
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Carrassa
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Florent Beaufils
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Ritschard
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise Rageot
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Sele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Dossena
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Maria Rossi
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Taborelli
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Georg Stussi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Broggini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland. .,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beaufils F, Cmiljanovic N, Cmiljanovic V, Bohnacker T, Melone A, Marone R, Jackson E, Zhang X, Sele A, Borsari C, Mestan J, Hebeisen P, Hillmann P, Giese B, Zvelebil M, Fabbro D, Williams RL, Rageot D, Wymann MP. 5-(4,6-Dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR309), a Potent, Brain-Penetrant, Orally Bioavailable, Pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor as Clinical Candidate in Oncology. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7524-7538. [PMID: 28829592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is deregulated in a wide variety of human tumors and triggers activation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here we describe the preclinical characterization of compound 1 (PQR309, bimiralisib), a potent 4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazine-based pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, which targets mTOR kinase in a balanced fashion at higher concentrations. No off-target interactions were detected for 1 in a wide panel of protein kinase, enzyme, and receptor ligand assays. Moreover, 1 did not bind tubulin, which was observed for the structurally related 4 (BKM120, buparlisib). Compound 1 is orally available, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and displayed favorable pharmacokinetic parameters in mice, rats, and dogs. Compound 1 demonstrated efficiency in inhibiting proliferation in tumor cell lines and a rat xenograft model. This, together with the compound's safety profile, identifies 1 as a clinical candidate with a broad application range in oncology, including treatment of brain tumors or CNS metastasis. Compound 1 is currently in phase II clinical trials for advanced solid tumors and refractory lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Beaufils
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Cmiljanovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Cmiljanovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Marone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eileen Jackson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xuxiao Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
| | - Alexander Sele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Mestan
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Hillmann
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Giese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marketa Zvelebil
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doriano Fabbro
- PIQUR Therapeutics AG , Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger L Williams
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
| | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rageot D, Beaufils F, Melone A, Sele AM, Bohnacker T, Lang M, Mestan J, Hillmann P, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Wymann MP. Abstract 140: Discovery and biological evaluation of PQR530, a highly potent dual pan-PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in cell proliferation, growth and survival and aberrant activation of this signaling pathway has been shown to drive the progression of malignant tumors.[1] Drugs targeting the pathway at multiple points, such as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors appear to have the broadest activity profile to address cancer therapeutic strategies and are currently being explored in numerous clinical studies. Recently, we presented PQR309, a novel, brain-penetrant pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, which entered phase II clinical trials in 2016.[2] Here, we report the lead optimization of PQR530, a potent and brain-penetrant follow-up compound as pan-PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor.
The development of a follow-up compound concentrated on the improvement of both, the potency and the selectivity for all targeted kinases, namely the class IA PI3K isoforms as well as mTOR. We present a detailed ligand-based structure-activity relationship study which was obtained by systematic modifications of the hinge region as well as the affinity binding substituents. This study led to the identification of PQR530, a dual pan-PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor showing excellent activities in cellular assays as well as in PI3Kα and mTOR enzymatic binding assays.
In A2058 melanoma cells PQR530 inhibited protein kinase B (PKB, pSer473) and ribosomal protein S6 (pS6, pSer235/236) phosphorylation with IC50 values of 0.07 µM. PQR530 showed excellent selectivity over a wide panel of kinases, as well as excellent selectivity versus unrelated receptor enzymes and ion channels. Moreover, PQR530 displayed potency in a panel of 44 cancer cell lines (NTRC OncolinesTM) to prevent cancer cell growth (mean value for GI50 of 426 nM). Oral application of PQR530 to mice resulted in a dose-proportional PK and demonstrated good oral bioavailability and excellent brain penetration.[3]
An optimized, robust synthetic route allowed rapid access to multi-gram quantities of PQR530 for pre-clinical development in only 4 steps. In conclusion, PQR530 inhibits all PI3K isoforms and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes C1/2 potently and selectively, and shows anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo.
[1] M. P. Wymann, M. Zvelebil, M. Laffargue (2003). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling – which way to target? Trends Pharmacol Sci.; 24, 366-376.
[2] V. Cmiljanovic et. al. “PQR309: Structure-Based Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel, Selective, Dual Pan-PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor” presented at AACR Annual Meeting 2015, April 18-22, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
[3] P. Hillmann et al. “Pharmacological Characterization of the Selective, Orally Bioavailable, Potent Dual PI3K/mTORC1/2 Inhibitor PQR530” abstract submitted for AACR Annual Meeting 2017, April 1-5, Washington, D. C., USA.
Citation Format: Denise Rageot, Florent Beaufils, Anna Melone, Alexander M. Sele, Thomas Bohnacker, Marc Lang, Jürgen Mestan, Petra Hillmann, Paul Hebeisen, Doriano Fabbro, Matthias P. Wymann. Discovery and biological evaluation of PQR530, a highly potent dual pan-PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-140
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Lang
- 2PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sele AM, Rageot D, Beaufils F, Melone A, Bohnacker T, Jackson E, Langlois JB, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Wymann MP. Abstract 153: Tricyclic fused pyrimidinopyrrolo-oxazines reveal conformational preferences of morpholine for PI3K hinge region binding. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases, produce PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and trigger intracellular signaling pathways that are vital to cell growth, proliferation, survival and migration. Constitutive activation of PI3K is frequently observed in many tumor types, which defines PI3K as a valuable drug target in oncology.1
Numerous PI3K inhibitors in clinical development contain a morpholine moiety that mediates hinge region binding in the ATP pocket of PI3K by a hydrogen bond with the active site valine backbone nitrogen (Val851 in PI3Kα)2. We present here novel pyrimidinopyrrolo-oxazines related to the clinically advanced, pyridinylmorpholine and triazinylmorpholine derived pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitors BKM120 and PQR309. The novel fused tricyclic core of these compounds contains two morpholine moieties of which one is conformationally restricted by the introduction of a methylene bridge that links the pyrimidine core with one of the two morpholine moieties. This modification leads to the generation of two regioisomers, each existing as a set of enantiomers.
We investigated the influence of this conformational restriction on PI3K inhibitory activity and analyzed the distinct selectivity profiles and potencies of the respective stereo- and regio-isomers. The design and preparation of specific compounds in combination with biological assays (phosphorylation of PKB and S6, binding affinity to p110α), structure-activity relationship (SAR) and molecular modelling studies allowed us to understand the binding mode of these compounds and acquire valuable information that potentially lead to the development of derivatives with a distinct selectivity profile (e.g. PI3K versus mTOR).
A selection of compounds demonstrated inhibition of protein kinase B (pSer473) and ribosomal protein S6 (pSer235/236) phosphorylation with IC50 values in the nanomolar range and high inhibitory potency of all PI3K isoforms (Ki(p110α) > 40 nM). Single p.o. administration of our lead compound to SD rats resulted in good oral bioavailability as well as excellent brain penetration. Furthermore, mechanism of action-based increases in glucose levels and insulin levels have been observed.
In conclusion, we present here the development, optimization, preparation and biological evaluation of a novel class of potent, orally available and brain-penetrant pan-PI3K inhibitors that represent an innovative extension to known pyrimidinomorpholine derived PI3K inhibitors. Moreover, our results add to the understanding of how introducing specific structural and conformational modifications can lead to the development of optimized, selective PI3K and mTOR inhibitors.
[1] Thorpe, L. M.; Yuzugullu, H.; Zhao, J. J. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2015, 15, 7-24.
[2] Andrs, M.; Korabecny, J.; Jun, D.; Hodny, Z.; Bartek, J.; Kuca, K. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 41-71.
Citation Format: Alexander M. Sele, Denise Rageot, Florent Beaufils, Anna Melone, Thomas Bohnacker, Eileen Jackson, Jean-Baptiste Langlois, Paul Hebeisen, Doriano Fabbro, Matthias P. Wymann. Tricyclic fused pyrimidinopyrrolo-oxazines reveal conformational preferences of morpholine for PI3K hinge region binding [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 153. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-153
Collapse
|
18
|
Hillmann P, Rageot D, Beaufils F, Melone A, Sele A, Ettlin RA, Mestan J, Cmiljanovic V, Lang M, Singer E, Walter C, Nguyen HHP, Hebeisen P, Wymann MP, Fabbro D. Abstract 159: Pharmacological characterization of the selective, orally bioavailable, potent dual PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR530. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in many cellular processes like growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation and motility. In cancers several mutations have been identified that lead to constitutive activation of PI3K. PQR530 is a novel, ATP site directed inhibitor of all PI3K isoforms and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes C1/2 that is currently in pre-clinical development. PQR530 potently binds to its targets, inhibits cell proliferation and shows excellent selectivity versus related and unrelated kinases [1].
Results: PQR530 inhibits PI3K signaling in stimulated MCF7 cells as detected by PathScan analysis. Excellent tolerability has been found for PQR530 during GLP toxicological testing in rats and dogs. Increase in insulin and blood glucose, a treatable class effect of PI3K inhibitors, has been observed after PQR530 administration to mice. Investigation of mutagenicity and hERG binding resulted in a clean profile. PQR530 exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics (PK) in male C57BL/6J mice. A maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma and brain was reached after 30 minutes (7.8 μg/ml and 112.6 μg/ml, respectively) indicating that efficacious concentrations were reached in both tissues. The calculated half-life (t1/2) for plasma and brain was approximately 5 hours. PQR530 potently inhibited PI3K signaling in vivo for several hours after administration of a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg. Tumor growth was significantly decreased in SUDHL-6 lymphoma, RIVA lymphoma and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer mouse xenografts using daily, oral administration.
Conclusion: PQR530 is a potent, ATP competitive pan-PI3K and mTORC1/2 inhibitor. The physico-chemical properties of PQR530 result in good oral bioavailability and excellent brain penetration. PQR530 is well tolerated and efficiently inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models. Preclinical data allow for further development of the compound.
[1] Rageot D, et al., Discovery and biological evaluation of PQR530, a highly potent dual pan-PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor, abstract submitted for AACR Annual Meeting 2017, April 1-5, Washington, D. C., USA.
Citation Format: Petra Hillmann, Denise Rageot, Florent Beaufils, Anna Melone, Alexander Sele, Robert A. Ettlin, Jürgen Mestan, Vladimir Cmiljanovic, Marc Lang, Elisabeth Singer, Carolin Walter, Hoa HP Nguyen, Paul Hebeisen, Matthias P. Wymann, Doriano Fabbro. Pharmacological characterization of the selective, orally bioavailable, potent dual PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR530 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-159
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Lang
- 1PIQUR Therapeutics, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bohnacker T, Prota AE, Beaufils F, Burke JE, Melone A, Inglis AJ, Rageot D, Sele AM, Cmiljanovic V, Cmiljanovic N, Bargsten K, Aher A, Akhmanova A, Díaz JF, Fabbro D, Zvelebil M, Williams RL, Steinmetz MO, Wymann MP. Deconvolution of Buparlisib's mechanism of action defines specific PI3K and tubulin inhibitors for therapeutic intervention. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14683. [PMID: 28276440 PMCID: PMC5347140 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BKM120 (Buparlisib) is one of the most advanced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, but it interferes as an off-target effect with microtubule polymerization. Here, we developed two chemical derivatives that differ from BKM120 by only one atom. We show that these minute changes separate the dual activity of BKM120 into discrete PI3K and tubulin inhibitors. Analysis of the compounds cellular growth arrest phenotypes and microtubule dynamics suggest that the antiproliferative activity of BKM120 is mainly due to microtubule-dependent cytotoxicity rather than through inhibition of PI3K. Crystal structures of BKM120 and derivatives in complex with tubulin and PI3K provide insights into the selective mode of action of this class of drugs. Our results raise concerns over BKM120's generally accepted mode of action, and provide a unique mechanistic basis for next-generation PI3K inhibitors with improved safety profiles and flexibility for use in combination therapies. Buparlisib/BKM120 is in phase 3 clinical trials as a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Here, Bohnacker et al. combine chemical biology and structural biology approaches to segregate BKM120's biological actions, and suggest that it causes mitotic arrest predominantly by binding microtubules and disrupting their dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Anna Melone
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Denise Rageot
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Sele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Katja Bargsten
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Amol Aher
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- CIB Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beaufils F, Rageot D, Melone A, Lang M, Mestan J, Cmiljanovic V, Hillmann P, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Wymann MP. Abstract 1336: Structure-activity relationship studies, synthesis, and biological evaluation of PQR620, a highly potent and selective mTORC1/2 inhibitor. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in cell proliferation, differentiation, growth and survival.[1] As a consequence, various tumors and central nervous system (CNS) disorders share aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway. Drugs targeting the mTOR pathway represent therefore a valuable path to address multiple therapeutic areas.[1-2] Here, we report the lead optimization of PQR620, a novel potent and selective brain penetrant inhibitor of mTORC1/2.
The development of selective mTOR inhibitors is particularly challenging due to extensively conserved amino acid residues in the ATP binding pocket within the PI3K and PI3K-related protein kinase family. Here, we present a detailed ligand-based structure activity relationship study allowing selective targeting of mTOR kinase activity without the interference of other PI3K family members. Systematic variation of the hinge region and affinity binding motifs led to the identification of PQR620, a morpholino-triazinyl derivative, as potent and selective mTOR inhibitor. Substitution of the morpholine binding to the hinge region and introduction of a 2-aminopyridine, substituted with a difluoromethyl group, induced a >1000-fold selectivity towards mTOR over PI3Kα in enzymatic binding assays.
In A2058 melanoma cells PQR620 demonstrated inhibition of protein kinase B (pSer473) and ribosomal protein S6 (pSer235/236) phosphorylation with IC50 values of 0.2 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. The physico-chemical properties of PQR620 result in good oral bioavailability and excellent brain penetration. PQR620 showed excellent selectivity over a wide panel of kinases, as well as excellent selectivity versus unrelated receptor enzymes and ion channels. Moreover, PQR620 demonstrated its potency to prevent cancer cell growth in an NTRC 44 cancer cell line panel, resulting in a 10log(IC50) of 2.86 (nM). Further pharmacological properties and in vivo efficacy of PQR620 are presented in detail in Ref. [3].
The preparation of PQR620 was optimized towards a robust synthetic route involving only 4 steps, allowing for a rapid access to quantities required for pre-clinical testing. In conclusion, PQR620 inhibits mTOR potently and selectively, and shows anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. PQR620 is currently in pre-clinical development.
[1] M. Laplante, D. Sabatini, Cell 2012, 149, 274-293.
[2] Z. Z. Chong, Y. C. Shang, L. Zhang, S. Wang, K. Maiese, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2010, 3, 374–391.
[3] F. Beaufils, D. Rageot, A. Melone, A. M. Sele, M. Lang, J. Mestan, R. A. Ettlin, P. Hillmann, V. Cmiljanovic, C. Walter, E. Singer, H. P. Nguyen, P. Hebeisen, D. Fabbro, M. P. Wymann, “Pharmacological characterization of the selective, orally bioavailable, potent mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR620” presented at AACR Annual Meeting 2016, April 16-20, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Citation Format: Florent Beaufils, Denise Rageot, Anna Melone, Marc Lang, Jürgen Mestan, Vladimir Cmiljanovic, Petra Hillmann, Paul Hebeisen, Doriano Fabbro, Matthias P. Wymann. Structure-activity relationship studies, synthesis, and biological evaluation of PQR620, a highly potent and selective mTORC1/2 inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1336.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Lang
- 1PIQUR Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beaufils F, Rageot D, Melone A, Sele A, Lang M, Mestan J, Ettlin RA, Hillmann P, Cmiljanovic V, Walter C, Singer E, Nguyen HHP, Hebeisen P, Fabbro D, Wymann MP. Abstract 393A: Pharmacological characterization of the selective, orally bioavailable, potent mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR620. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is an integrating factor in cell physiology that influences many processes like growth, metabolism and proliferation. mTOR signaling is constitutively activated in many cancers. Rapamycin is an allosteric inhibitor of mTOR that targets a subset of mTOR functions via inhibition of the mTORC1 complex. An ATP site-directed mTORC1/2 inhibitor that fully blocks all mTOR functions is desirable as cancer therapeutic. PQR620 is a novel, ATP site directed inhibitor of mTOR that is currently in pre-clinical development. PQR620 potently binds to its target (Kd = 6 nM) and shows excellent selectivity versus related and unrelated kinases [1].
Results: PQR620 inhibits mTOR signaling in stimulated MCF7 cells as detected by PathScan analysis. Excellent tolerability has been observed in mice (MTD = 150 mg/kg). A 14 day GLP toxicological study in rats showed very good tolerability (MTD = 30 mg/kg). Only minor toxicities such as dose-related changes in body weight and blood count were observed. PQR620 was administered to male C57BL/6J mice for a pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) evaluation. After oral application PQR620 exhibited dose-proportional PK, a maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma and brain was reached after 30 minutes (4.8 μg/ml and 7.7 μg/ml, respectively). In muscle, Cmax (7.6 μg/ml) was reached after 2 hours. The calculated half-life (t1/2) for plasma and brain was approximately 5 hours. After 8 hours, the total exposure (expressed as AUC0-tz (area under the curve)) was 20.5 μg*h/ml in plasma, while it was approximately 30% higher in both, brain and thigh muscle (30.6 and 32.3 μg*h/ml, respectively). PQR620 potently inhibited mTOR signaling in vivo after administration of a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg. Importantly, no effect on plasma insulin levels was observed. In an OVCAR-3, ovarian carcinoma mouse xenograft, PQR620 effectively attenuated tumor growth using daily, oral dosing.
Conclusion: PQR620 potently inhibits mTORC1/2 in vitro and in vivo. The physico-chemical properties of PQR620 result in good oral bioavailability and excellent brain penetration. PQR620 is well tolerated and efficiently inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models. Preclinical data allow for further development of the compound.
[1] Beaufils F, Rageot D, et al., Structure-Activity Relationship Studies, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of PQR620, a Highly Potent and Selective mTORC1/2 Inhibitor, AACR annual meeting 2016
Citation Format: Florent Beaufils, Denise Rageot, Anna Melone, Alexander Sele, Marc Lang, Juergen Mestan, Robert A. Ettlin, Petra Hillmann, Vladimir Cmiljanovic, Carolin Walter, Elisabeth Singer, Hoa HP Nguyen, Paul Hebeisen, Doriano Fabbro, Matthias P. Wymann. Pharmacological characterization of the selective, orally bioavailable, potent mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR620. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 393A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc Lang
- 1Piqur Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ettlin R, Dieterle W, Fabbro D, Hebeisen P, Beaufils F, Hillmann P, Stumm M, Dimitrijević S, Wymann M, Cmiljanovic N, Giese B, Cmiljanovic V. Early preclinical development of PQR309, a novel balanced dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor for treatment of various cancer types. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Bohnacker T, Beaufils F, Prota AE, Burke JE, Melone A, Inglis AJ, Fusco L, Cmiljanovic V, Cmiljanovic N, Rageot D, Bargsten K, Saez-Calvo G, Pertz O, Aher AB, Akhmanova A, Diaz FJ, Fabbro D, Zvelebil M, Williams RL, Steinmetz MO, Wymann MP. Abstract 671: BKM120-mediated G2 arrest: Structural and functional segregation of off-target action and PI3K inhibition. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to its central role in growth, proliferation, survival and migration, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is considered as an important drug target in oncology (1). BKM120 is one of the clinically most advanced PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki), and is currently listed in more than 80 clinical studies aimed at attenuating tumour progression. As an off-target effect, BKM120 was reported to disrupt microtubules (MT) at concentrations around 1 μM (2).
Here, we elucidate in detail the structural factors defining PI3K- and tubulin-binding of BKM120, and present a pure PI3K inhibitor (PQR309) and a potent MT disruptor (MTD147) differing from BKM120 by only 1 Dalton. Separation of PI3Ki and MT disruption activities of BKM120 allowed profiling of BKM120 against PQR309 and MTD147: cellular growth profiles of PQR309 clustered with other PI3Ki such as GDC0941/GDC0980, while BKM120 matched MTD147. Both yielded a G2/M cell cycle arrest with typical histone3 phosphorylation. Accumulation of G2/M arrested cells was already evident at concentrations yielding 50% growth inhibition. Interestingly, BKM120 concentrations for 50% cell growth inhibition (with evident G2/M arrest) ranged below or within its reported AUC0-24 levels at day 8 in patient plasma (3,4). This result implies that the two activities of BKM120 cannot be separated, thus complicating the understanding of drug action and impacting on the rational of combination therapies at relevant drug doses.
Using X-ray crystallography we found that BKM120 binds to the colchicine pocket on β-tubulin. This study further highlights the importance of the pyrimidine core orientation for tight tubulin binding. Interestingly, activities of regio-isomers of the pyrimidine core are inversed for PI3Ki and tubulin association, and modulate binding by a factor of >30x. Finally, a combination of biochemical, cellular and structural data suggests an inverted orientation of BKM120 in the catalytic cleft of PI3K as previously proposed (6). In summary, the dissection of BKM120 functions allows reassessment of its dominant activity, to increase drug safety, and to flexibly control PI3K and/or MT targeting in combination therapy.
1. M. P. Wymann, R. Schneiter, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9, 162 (2008).; 2. S. M. Brachmann et al., Mol Cancer Ther 11, 1747 (2012). 3. J. C. Bendell et al., J Clin Oncol 30, 282 (2012). 4. C. Saura et al., Clin Cancer Res 20, 1935 (2014). 5. A. E. Prota et al., Science 339, 587 (2013). 6. S. M. Maira et al., Mol Cancer Ther 11, 317 (2012).
Citation Format: Thomas Bohnacker, Florent Beaufils, Andrea E. Prota, John E. Burke, Anna Melone, Alison J. Inglis, Ludovico Fusco, Vladimir Cmiljanovic, Natasa Cmiljanovic, Denise Rageot, Katja Bargsten, Gonzalo Saez-Calvo, Olivier Pertz, Amol B. Aher, Anna Akhmanova, Fernando J. Diaz, Doriano Fabbro, Marketa Zvelebil, Roger L. Williams, Michel O. Steinmetz, Matthias P. Wymann. BKM120-mediated G2 arrest: Structural and functional segregation of off-target action and PI3K inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 671. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-671
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John E. Burke
- 3MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amol B. Aher
- 5Cell Biology Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- 5Cell Biology Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zimmermann M, Cal R, Janett E, Hoffmann V, Bochet CG, Constable E, Beaufils F, Wymann MP. Cell-permeant and photocleavable chemical inducer of dimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4717-20. [PMID: 24677313 PMCID: PMC4499241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs) have been developed to orchestrate protein dimerization and translocation. Here we present a novel photocleavable HaloTag- and SNAP-tag-reactive CID (MeNV-HaXS) with excellent selectivity and intracellular reactivity. Excitation at 360 nm cleaves the methyl-6-nitroveratryl core of MeNV-HaXS. MeNV-HaXS covalently links HaloTag- and SNAP-tag fusion proteins, and enables targeting of selected membranes and intracellular organelles. MeNV-HaXS-mediated translocation has been validated for plasma membrane, late endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi, mitochondria, and the actin cytoskeleton. Photocleavage of MeNV-HaXS liberates target proteins and provides access to optical manipulation of protein relocation with high spatiotemporal and subcellular precision. MeNV-HaXS supports kinetic studies of protein dynamics and the manipulation of subcellular enzyme activities, which is exemplified for Golgi-targeted cargo and the assessment of nuclear import kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Zimmermann
- University of Basel, Department of BiomedicineMattenstrasse 28, Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Ruben Cal
- University of Basel, Department of BiomedicineMattenstrasse 28, Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Elia Janett
- University of Fribourg, Department of ChemistryChemin du Musée 9, Fribourg (Switzerland)
| | - Viktor Hoffmann
- University of Basel, Department of BiomedicineMattenstrasse 28, Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Christian G Bochet
- University of Fribourg, Department of ChemistryChemin du Musée 9, Fribourg (Switzerland)
| | - Edwin Constable
- University of Basel, Department of ChemistrySpitalstrasse 51, Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Florent Beaufils
- University of Basel, Department of BiomedicineMattenstrasse 28, Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- University of Basel, Department of BiomedicineMattenstrasse 28, Basel (Switzerland)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zimmermann M, Cal R, Janett E, Hoffmann V, Bochet CG, Constable E, Beaufils F, Wymann MP. Ein zellpermeables und photospaltbares Reagens für die selektive intrazelluläre Protein-Protein-Dimerisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Erhart D, Zimmermann M, Jacques O, Wittwer MB, Ernst B, Constable E, Zvelebil M, Beaufils F, Wymann MP. Chemical development of intracellular protein heterodimerizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:549-57. [PMID: 23601644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell activation initiated by receptor ligands or oncogenes triggers complex and convoluted intracellular signaling. Techniques initiating signals at defined starting points and cellular locations are attractive to elucidate the output of selected pathways. Here, we present the development and validation of a protein heterodimerization system based on small molecules cross-linking fusion proteins derived from HaloTags and SNAP-tags. Chemical dimerizers of HaloTag and SNAP-tag (HaXS) show excellent selectivity and have been optimized for intracellular reactivity. HaXS force protein-protein interactions and can translocate proteins to various cellular compartments. Due to the covalent nature of the HaloTag-HaXS-SNAP-tag complex, intracellular dimerization can be easily monitored. First applications include protein targeting to cytoskeleton, to the plasma membrane, to lysosomes, the initiation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, and multiplexed protein complex formation in combination with the rapamycin dimerization system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Erhart
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lamarque C, Beaufils F, Dénès F, Schenk K, Renaud P. Preparation of 5-Membered Rings via Radical Addition- Translocation-Cyclization (RATC) Processes Mediated by Diethyl Thiophosphites. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Paineau D, Beaufils F, Boulier A, Cassuto DA, Chwalow J, Combris P, Couet C, Jouret B, Lafay L, Laville M, Mahe S, Ricour C, Romon M, Simon C, Tauber M, Valensi P, Chapalain V, Zourabichvili O, Bornet FRJ. The cumulative effect of small dietary changes may significantly improve nutritional intakes in free-living children and adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:782-91. [PMID: 20502471 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The ELPAS (Etude Longitudinale Prospective Alimentation et Santé) study was an 8-month randomized controlled dietary modification trial designed to test the hypothesis that family dietary coaching would improve nutritional intakes and weight control in 2026 free-living children and parents. It resulted in significant nutritional changes, with beneficial effects on body mass index in adults. In these ancillary analyses, we investigated dietary changes throughout the intervention. SUBJECTS/METHODS Before the study, modeling analyses were carried out on the French Association Sucre Produits Sucrés Consommation et Communication (ASPCC) food-consumption database to identify the most efficient dietary intervention strategy. During the study, all participants performed monthly three nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls: this allowed for measuring changes in the number of servings per day and serving size for each targeted food category throughout the intervention. RESULTS Modeling analyses showed that targeting only the 10 main foods contributing to fat and carbohydrate intakes did not allow for reaching the ELPAS nutritional goals. As a result, it was decided to target more foods and to propose several types of dietary advice (such as change in serving size, change in cooking method, food substitution). This strategy led to many appropriate dietary changes during the intervention, but only a few of them reached significance. The mean number of servings per day was indeed significantly modified for only 7% of the targeted food categories in children and 17% in parents. The mean serving size was modified for only 12% of targeted food categories in children and 9% in parents. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative effect of small dietary changes may induce significant nutritional improvements, with limited burden for populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Paineau
- Nutri-Health, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kampmeier F, Ribbert M, Nachreiner T, Dembski S, Beaufils F, Brecht A, Barth S. Site-Specific, Covalent Labeling of Recombinant Antibody Fragments via Fusion to an Engineered Version of 6-O-Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferase. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1010-5. [DOI: 10.1021/bc9000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kampmeier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Markus Ribbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Thomas Nachreiner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Sofia Dembski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Florent Beaufils
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Andreas Brecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Fraunhofer-Insitut für Silicatforschung ISC, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany, Covalys Biosciences AG, Benkenstrasse 254, CH4108 Witterswil, Switzerland, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fürstner A, Bouchez L, Morency L, Funel JA, Liepins V, Porée FH, Gilmour R, Laurich D, Beaufils F, Tamiya M. Cover Picture: Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides B1, B4, G1, H1 and Structure Revision of Amphidinolide H2 (Chem. Eur. J. 16/2009). Chemistry 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200990053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Gautier A, Juillerat A, Heinis C, Corrêa IR, Kindermann M, Beaufils F, Johnsson K. An Engineered Protein Tag for Multiprotein Labeling in Living Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:128-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 01/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Fürstner A, Bouchez L, Funel JA, Liepins V, Porée FH, Gilmour R, Beaufils F, Laurich D, Tamiya M. Total Syntheses of Amphidinolide H and G. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
35
|
Fürstner A, Bouchez L, Funel JA, Liepins V, Porée FH, Gilmour R, Beaufils F, Laurich D, Tamiya M. Total Syntheses of Amphidinolide H and G. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:9265-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
36
|
Dénès F, Beaufils F, Renaud P. Thiophenol-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Transfer for the Preparation of Pyrrolizidines, Indolizidines, and Related Compounds. Org Lett 2007; 9:4375-8. [PMID: 17887768 DOI: 10.1021/ol702017t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficient preparation of 1-azabicyclic alkanes is described. Highly functionalized skeletons are prepared in a concise manner using a radical tin-free 1,5-hydrogen transfer-cyclization process. The precursors for the radical reactions are readily assembled either from pyrrolidine/piperidine/hexahydro-1H-azepine or via condensation of a properly designed N-alkylimine with an allenylzinc species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dénès
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012-Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mottram LF, Maddox E, Schwab M, Beaufils F, Peterson BR. A concise synthesis of the Pennsylvania Green fluorophore and labeling of intracellular targets with O6-benzylguanine derivatives. Org Lett 2007; 9:3741-4. [PMID: 17705395 DOI: 10.1021/ol7015093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report improved syntheses of the Pennsylvania Green and 4-carboxy-Pennsylvania Green fluorophores; the latter compound was prepared from methyl 4-iodo-3-methylbenzoate in a three-pot process (32% overall yield). Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase fusion proteins were treated with Pennsylvania Green and Oregon Green linked to O6-benzylguanine (SNAP-Tag substrates). Analysis of living cells by confocal microscopy revealed that Pennsylvania Green derivatives exhibit substantially higher cell permeability than analogous Oregon Green-derived molecular probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie F Mottram
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aizenfisz S, Dauger S, Gondon E, Saizou C, De Lagausie P, Luton D, Aigrain Y, Beaufils F. Gastroschisis and omphalocele: retrospective study of initial postoperative management in the ICU. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2006; 16:84-9. [PMID: 16685612 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to describe the management of infants with gastroschisis (G) and omphalocele (O) during the first 7 days after surgery. METHODS A retrospective review of all cases of O or G managed at the ICU of the Robert Debré Teaching Hospital between January 1993 and July 2000 was carried out. PATIENTS 29 infants with G, 15 with O (12 unruptured O [UO] and 3 ruptured O [RO]). RESULTS Ventilatory support consisted of conventional mechanical ventilation (46 %) and/or in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (61 %). After day 4, ventilatory requirements evaluated by mean airway pressure (MAP) differed significantly between G (n = 10/29) and O (n = 7/15; group vs. day of life, p = 0.04). The average of MAP measured on days 5, 6, and 7 was significantly higher in O than in G (14.7 +/- 3.0 versus 10.9 +/- 2.8, p < 0.01, respectively). Volume expansion was required at least once in 90 % of patients. Mean fluid requirements were significantly lower in UO than in G and in RO (41 +/- 31 ml/kg, 91 +/- 73 ml/kg, and 137 +/- 25 ml/kg, respectively; p = 0.02 for each comparison). Patients with G were significantly more likely to receive norepinephrine (59 % vs. 20 %, p = 0.027) than patients with O. Twenty-six infants with G (90 %) and 11 with O (73 %) were discharged alive from ICU. CONCLUSIONS Haemodynamic instability can be expected in patients with G or RO, and ventilatory requirements were higher in infants with O than in infants with G during the first week after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aizenfisz
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Beaufils F, Dénès F, Becattini B, Renaud P, Schenk K. Thiophenol-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Abstraction: Easy Access to Mono- and Bicyclic Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Lachia M, Dénès F, Beaufils F, Renaud P. Highly Diastereoselective Formation of Spirocyclic Compounds via 1,5-Hydrogen Transfer: A Total Synthesis of (−)-Erythrodiene. Org Lett 2005; 7:4103-6. [PMID: 16146362 DOI: 10.1021/ol051426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective synthesis of (-)-erythrodiene starting from 4-isopropylcyclohexanone is described. The key reactions are an asymmetric methoxycarbonylation of the starting ketone and a highly diastereoselective radical cascade involving addition of a phenylthiyl radical to a terminal alkyne followed by a 1,5-hydrogen transfer and a 5-exo-cyclization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lachia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Beaufils F, Dénès F, Renaud P. Dimethyl Phosphite Mediated Hydrogen Atom Abstraction: A Tin-Free Procedure for the Preparation of Cyclopentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5273-5. [PMID: 16035019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Beaufils
- University of Berne, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Beaufils F, Dénès F, Renaud P. Dimethyl Phosphite Mediated Hydrogen Atom Abstraction: A Tin-Free Procedure for the Preparation of Cyclopentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
A favorable benefit-to-risk ratio is well established for a single dose of antenatal corticosteroids in women at risk of preterm delivery. The efficacy is real with an important decrease of mortality and morbidity. No adverse effects were described after one course. Possible beneficial effects of repeated courses include lower rates of RDS and a decrease in oxygen use, whereas an increasing body of evidence raises the concern of multiple short and long term adverse consequences, principally neurological. It seems rational to prescribe one course of corticosteroids. The indication for a second course should be discussed but multiples courses of this treatment should not be prescribed. We prefer betamethasone over dexamethasone because of the better side profile. Further work is needed to understand the long-term effects of this treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Saizou
- Service de Pédiatrie Réanimation, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Doit C, Loukil C, Simon AM, Ferroni A, Fontan JE, Bonacorsi S, Bidet P, Jarlier V, Aujard Y, Beaufils F, Bingen E. Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in a pediatric hospital due to contamination of lipid emulsion stoppers. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:2227-30. [PMID: 15131197 PMCID: PMC404641 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.5.2227-2230.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a 7-month outbreak of nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia involving eight children in a pediatric hospital and the results of epidemiological investigations. A B. cepacia strain genotypically identical to the blood isolates was recovered from the upper surface of capped rubber stoppers of bottles of a commercial lipid emulsion used for parenteral nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Doit
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert Debré Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Despite new understandings in pathophysiology, sepsis mortality remains high in children. Recently, it has been demonstrated that early goal directed therapy may decrease septic shock mortality. The aim of this paper is to propose practical clinical guidelines based on earlier consensus recommendations. Septic shock must be rapidly suspected and early recognized. Bases of treatment are maintenance of adequate oxygenation with use of artificial ventilation if necessary, larger and faster volume resuscitation than recommended before, empiric antibiotherapy and early use of vasopressive agents associated with corticosteroids in particular situations. Treatment efficacy must be regularly assessed during first hours of resuscitation. Taking into account pediatric particularities and results of adult studies, pediatricians who take care of children at beginning of septic shock may reasonably hope to decrease mortality if they keep in mind specific therapeutic goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dauger
- Service de pédiatrie-réanimation, hôpital Robert-Debré, faculté Xavier-Bichat, université Paris-VII, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Beaufils F, Dénès F, Renaud P. Thiophenol-Mediated Hydrogen Atom Abstraction: An Efficient Tin-Free Procedure for the Preparation of Cyclopentane Derivatives. Org Lett 2004; 6:2563-6. [PMID: 15255691 DOI: 10.1021/ol049162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient procedure for running a cascade reaction involving 1,5-abstraction of a hydrogen atom followed by a radical cyclization is reported. Alkenyl radicals are generated from easily available terminal alkynes and thiophenol. This procedure eliminates the need of using the toxic tributyltin hydride and gives a greater amount of radical translocation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Beaufils
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemisty and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, 3000 Berne 9, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Benhayoun M, Llor J, Van-Den-Abbeele T, Elmaleh M, Mariani P, Beaufils F, Dauger S. Un cas de syndrome de Lemierre avec thrombose veineuse jugulaire bilatérale. Arch Pediatr 2003; 10:1071-4. [PMID: 14643536 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2003.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An adolescent presented with a rhinosinusitis complicated with bilateral jugular veins and left superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis and respiratory distress with pulmonary hypertension. Blood culture was positive for Haemophilus influenzae and sinus puncture for Streptococcus constellatus. Evolution was under control after 1 week of appropriate antibiotherapy, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory treatment. He had no neurologic, respiratory or ophthalmologic sequelae 6 months later. Despite lack of pharyngitis or isolation of anaerobic species on blood cultures, the picture was considered compatible with Lemierre syndrome. The risk for such a complication should be considered in cases of severe otorhinolaryngologic infection in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Benhayoun
- Service de pédiatrie-réanimation, faculté Xavier-Bichat, université Paris-VII, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Authors report a case of acute White-Spirit poisoning with pulmonary hypertension associated to respiratory distress syndrome. CASE REPORT A 14-month-old infant drank an unknown quantity of White-Spirit while his parents were painting. After he spontaneously vomited, he presented a seizure at the emergency department. After a 36 h stay in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), acute lung injury required mechanical ventilation and vasoactive support. Cardiac ultrasounds showed pulmonary hypertension, which rapidly resolved with inhaled nitric oxide. The child was discharged of PICU after five days. Respiratory follow-up two months after poisoning was normal. CONCLUSION Pulmonary hypertension should be checked for in case of White-Spirit ingestion complicated with severe acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dauger
- Service de pédiatrie-réanimation, hôpital Robert-Debré, assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris, faculté Xavier-Bichat, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|