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Anggraini D, Zhang T, Liu X, Okano K, Tanaka Y, Inagaki N, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yamada S, Yalikun Y. Guided axon outgrowth of neurons by molecular gradients generated from femtosecond laser-fabricated micro-holes. Talanta 2024; 267:125200. [PMID: 37738745 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transplantation of scaffold-embedded guided neurons has been reported to increase neuronal regeneration following brain injury. However, precise axonal integration between host and transplant neurons to form functional synapses remains a major problem. Thus, a high-precision tool to actuate neuronal axon outgrowth in real-time conditions is required to attain robust axon regeneration. This study aims to establish a microfluidic platform for precise and real-time axon outgrowth guidance. METHODS A microfluidic device with a 4 μm thick thin-glass sheet as the neuron culture substrate is fabricated. Surface of the glass sheet is chemically modified to facilitate neuron attachment. Femtosecond (fs) laser is used to engrave the glass sheet to achieve micro-holes, where netrin-1 is released for directing the movement of the neuronal axon. RESULTS Numerical simulation and experimental data demonstrate that netrin-1 gradient is formed after it passes through the micro-hole. The neuronal response results show the outgrowth rate of the axon is significantly increased by netrin-1 gradient. Furthermore, a majority of neuronal axons exhibit guided outgrowth characterized by positive turning angles of axon displacement in the direction of netrin-1 gradients. CONCLUSION Integrating fs laser and microfluidic device facilitates controlled and instantaneous axon outgrowth in a non-invasive manner. SIGNIFICANCE The developed real-time microfluidic platform shows potential in the application for on-site neuronal transplantation, which is significant for the treatment of a range of neurological disorders and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Anggraini
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Inagaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2122, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sohei Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan; Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Anggraini D, Ota N, Shen Y, Tang T, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Li M, Yalikun Y. Recent advances in microfluidic devices for single-cell cultivation: methods and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1438-1468. [PMID: 35274649 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is essential to improve our understanding of cell functionality from cellular and subcellular aspects for diagnosis and therapy. Single-cell cultivation is one of the most important processes in single-cell analysis, which allows the monitoring of actual information of individual cells and provides sufficient single-cell clones and cell-derived products for further analysis. The microfluidic device is a fast-rising system that offers efficient, effective, and sensitive single-cell cultivation and real-time single-cell analysis conducted either on-chip or off-chip. Here, we introduce the importance of single-cell cultivation from the aspects of cellular and subcellular studies. We highlight the materials and structures utilized in microfluidic devices for single-cell cultivation. We further discuss biological applications utilizing single-cell cultivation-based microfluidics, such as cellular phenotyping, cell-cell interactions, and omics profiling. Finally, present limitations and future prospects of microfluidics for single-cell cultivation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Anggraini
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Nobutoshi Ota
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yigang Shen
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Hong N, Nam Y. Neurons-on-a-Chip: In Vitro NeuroTools. Mol Cells 2022; 45:76-83. [PMID: 35236782 PMCID: PMC8906998 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons-on-a-Chip technology has been developed to provide diverse in vitro neuro-tools to study neuritogenesis, synaptogensis, axon guidance, and network dynamics. The two core enabling technologies are soft-lithography and microelectrode array technology. Soft lithography technology made it possible to fabricate microstamps and microfluidic channel devices with a simple replica molding method in a biological laboratory and innovatively reduced the turn-around time from assay design to chip fabrication, facilitating various experimental designs. To control nerve cell behaviors at the single cell level via chemical cues, surface biofunctionalization methods and micropatterning techniques were developed. Microelectrode chip technology, which provides a functional readout by measuring the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons, has become a popular platform to investigate neural information processing in networks. Due to these key advances, it is possible to study the relationship between the network structure and functions, and they have opened a new era of neurobiology and will become standard tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Hong
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Thermoplasmonic neural chip platform for in situ manipulation of neuronal connections in vitro. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6313. [PMID: 33298939 PMCID: PMC7726146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured neuronal networks with a controlled structure have been widely studied as an in vitro model system to investigate the relationship between network structure and function. However, most cell culture techniques lack the ability to control network structures during cell cultivation, making it difficult to assess functional changes induced by specific structural changes. In this study, we present an in situ manipulation platform based on gold-nanorod-mediated thermoplasmonics to interrogate an in vitro network model. We find that it is possible to induce new neurite outgrowths, eliminate interconnecting neurites, and estimate functional relationships in matured neuronal networks. This method is expected to be useful for studying functional dynamics of neural networks under controlled structural changes. Cultured neuron networks provide insight into network structure and function, but the ability to control network topology is a challenge. Here the authors develop a nanorod-mediated thermoplasmonics platform that enables the formation of new connections, the abolishment of existing connections, and the modulation of network activity during cultivation.
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Okano K, Wang CH, Hong ZY, Hosokawa Y, Liau I. Selective induction of targeted cell death and elimination by near-infrared femtosecond laser ablation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100818. [PMID: 33083577 PMCID: PMC7554360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The techniques for inducing the death of specific cells in tissue has attracted attention as new methodologies for studying cell function and tissue regeneration. In this study, we show that a sequential process of targeted cell death and removal can be triggered by short-term exposure of near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Kinetic analysis of the intracellular accumulation of trypan blue and the assay of caspase activity revealed that femtosecond laser pulses induced immediate disturbance of plasma membrane integrity followed by apoptosis-like cell death. Yet, adjacent cells showed no sign of membrane damage and no increased caspase activity. The laser-exposed cells eventually detached from the substrate after a delay of >54 min while adjacent cells remained intact. On the base of in vitro experiments, we applied the same approach to ablate targeted single cardiac cells of a live zebrafish heart. The ability of inducing targeted cell death with femtosecond laser pulses should find broad applications that benefit from precise cellular manipulation at the level of single cells in vivo and in vitro. Cell level dissection for studying cell function and tissue regeneration is proposed. Femtosecond laser induces apoptosis-like cell death at single cell level immediately. The dead culture cells shrank and eventually detach from a substrate over 1 h delay. Femtosecond laser ablates selected cells in translucent organs like zebra fish larva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Okano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Chung-Han Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Yi Hong
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ian Liau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Enhanced Cell Adhesion on a Nano-Embossed, Sticky Surface Prepared by the Printing of a DOPA-Bolaamphiphile Assembly Ink. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13797. [PMID: 29062140 PMCID: PMC5653752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by adhesive mussel proteins, nanospherical self-assemblies were prepared from bolaamphiphiles containing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) moieties, and a suspension of the bolaamphiphile assemblies was used for the preparation of a patterned surface that enhanced cell adhesion and viability. The abundant surface-exposed catechol groups on the robust bolaamphiphile self-assemblies were responsible for their outstanding adhesivity to various surfaces and showed purely elastic mechanical behaviour in response to tensile stress. Compared to other polydopamine coatings, the spherical DOPA-bolaamphiphile assemblies were coated uniformly and densely on the surface, yielding a nano-embossed surface. Cell culture tests on the surface modified by DOPA-bolaamphiphiles also showed enhanced cellular adhesivity and increased viability compared to surfaces decorated with other catecholic compounds. Furthermore, the guided growth of a cell line was demonstrated on the patterned surface, which was prepared by inkjet printing using a suspension of the self-assembled particles as an ink. The self-assembly of DOPA-bolaamphiphiles shows that they are a promising adhesive, biocompatible material with the potential to modify various substances.
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Okano K, Hsu HY, Li YK, Masuhara H. In situ patterning and controlling living cells by utilizing femtosecond laser. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Surface Modification of Cell Scaffold in Aqueous Solution Using TiO 2 Photocatalysis and Linker Protein L2 for Patterning Primary Neurons . E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Deka G, Okano K, Masuhara H, Li YK, Kao FJ. Metabolic variation of HeLa cells migrating on microfabricated cytophilic channels studied by the fluorescence lifetime of NADH. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports an in situ surface-modification of a substrate by laser ablation for monitoring the metabolic physiology of migrating cells through guided channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjal Deka
- Institute of Biophotonics
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Tin-Ka Ping Photonics Centre
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Tin-Ka Ping Photonics Centre
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Tin-Ka Ping Photonics Centre
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Okano K, Matsui A, Maezawa Y, Hee PY, Matsubara M, Yamamoto H, Hosokawa Y, Tsubokawa H, Li YK, Kao FJ, Masuhara H. In situ laser micropatterning of proteins for dynamically arranging living cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4078-4086. [PMID: 23966230 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study shows the modification of the surface of polymer-layered glass substrates to form biofunctional micropatterns through femtosecond laser ablation in an aqueous solution. Domains of micrometer size on a substrate can be selectively converted from proteinphobic (resistant to protein adsorption) to proteinphilic, allowing patterning of protein features under physiological aqueous conditions. When femtosecond laser pulses (800 nm, 1 kHz, 200-500 nJ per pulse) were focused on and scanned on the substrate, which was glass covered with the proteinphobic polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC), the surface became proteinphilic. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the laser ablates the MPC polymer. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were bound to the laser-ablated surface by physisorption. Since femtosecond laser ablation is induced under physiological aqueous conditions, this approach can form micropatterns of functional ECM proteins with minimal damage. This method was applied to pattern collagen, laminin, and gelatin on the substrate. Removal of an ECM protein from the substrate followed by replacement with another ECM protein was achieved on demand at a specific location and time by the same laser ablation method. Living cells adhered to the fabricated domains where ECM proteins were arranged. The modification of patterning during cell culture was used to control cell migration and form arrays of different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Okano
- Center for Interdisciplinary Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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Masuhara H. Time-Resolved Spectroscopic and Imaging Studies on Laser Ablation of Molecular Systems: From Mechanistic Study to Bio/Nano Applications. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University
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12
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Yamamoto H, Demura T, Morita M, Banker GA, Tanii T, Nakamura S. Differential neurite outgrowth is required for axon specification by cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2012; 123:904-10. [PMID: 22928776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of an axon is the first morphological evidence of neuronal polarization, visible as a profound outgrowth of the axon compared with sibling neurites. One unsolved question on the mechanism of axon formation is the role of axon outgrowth in axon specification. This question was difficult to assess, because neurons freely extend their neurites in a conventional culture. Here, we leveraged surface nano/micro-modification techniques to fabricate a template substrate for constraining neurite lengths of cultured neurons. Using the template, we asked (i) Do neurons polarize even if all neurites cannot grow sufficiently long? (ii) Would the neurite be fated to become an axon if only one was allowed to grow long? A pattern with symmetrical short paths (20 μm) was used to address the former question, and an asymmetrical pattern with one path extended to 100 μm for the latter. Axon formation was evaluated by tau-1/MAP2 immunostaining and live-cell imaging of constitutively-active kinesin-1. We found that (1) neurons cannot polarize when extension of all neurites is restricted and that (2) when only a single neurite is permitted to grow long, neurons polarize and the longest neurite becomes the axon. These results provide clear evidence that axon outgrowth is required for its specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yamamoto H, Okano K, Demura T, Hosokawa Y, Masuhara H, Tanii T, Nakamura S. In-situ guidance of individual neuronal processes by wet femtosecond-laser processing of self-assembled monolayers. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2011; 99:163701. [PMID: 27703280 PMCID: PMC5035129 DOI: 10.1063/1.3651291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In-situ guidance of neuronal processes (neurites) is demonstrated by applying wet femtosecond-laser processing to an organosilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM) template. By scanning focused laser beam between cell adhesion sites, on which primary neurons adhered and extended their neurites, we succeeded in guiding the neurites along the laser-scanning line. This guidance was accomplished by multiphoton laser ablation of cytophobic SAM layer and subsequent adsorption of cell adhesion molecule, laminin, onto the ablated region. This technique allows us to arbitrarily design neuronal networks in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takanori Demura
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Shun Nakamura
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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