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Lvova K, Vecino X, Pérez-Cid B, Moldes AB, Cruz JM. Efficient one step extraction process of Gramicidin S from Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1452796. [PMID: 39267904 PMCID: PMC11390548 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1452796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, Gramicidin S (GR-S) is produced enzymatically with the drawback of the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or produced by fermentation involving several separation and purification steps. Therefore, this study is focused on the use of green solvents as unique extraction step to produce Gramicidin S from microbial biomass of Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus. Among the tested solvents, such as ethanol, acidic ethanol or buffer phosphate, the most favorable was acidic ethanol, extracting 96% of Gramicidin S from cells with a purity of 90%. Using acidic ethanol, extraction time within the range of 30-120 min exhibited minimal impact on Gramicidin S yield, whereas the biomass-to-extractant ratio emerged as a critical parameter. Gramicidin S extracts were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) coupled with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and compared with commercial Gramicidin S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Lvova
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Benita Pérez-Cid
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry-CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana B Moldes
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
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2
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Lo WC, Krasnopeeva E, Pilizota T. Bacterial Electrophysiology. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:487-510. [PMID: 38382113 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-032215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial ion fluxes are involved in the generation of energy, transport, and motility. As such, bacterial electrophysiology is fundamentally important for the bacterial life cycle, but it is often neglected and consequently, by and large, not understood. Arguably, the two main reasons for this are the complexity of measuring relevant variables in small cells with a cell envelope that contains the cell wall and the fact that, in a unicellular organism, relevant variables become intertwined in a nontrivial manner. To help give bacterial electrophysiology studies a firm footing, in this review, we go back to basics. We look first at the biophysics of bacterial membrane potential, and then at the approaches and models developed mostly for the study of neurons and eukaryotic mitochondria. We discuss their applicability to bacterial cells. Finally, we connect bacterial membrane potential with other relevant (electro)physiological variables and summarize methods that can be used to both measure and influence bacterial electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chang Lo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Teuta Pilizota
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
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Xu Y, Liang X, Hyun CG. Isolation, Characterization, Genome Annotation, and Evaluation of Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity in Secondary Metabolites of Brevibacillus sp. JNUCC 41: A Comprehensive Analysis through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4611. [PMID: 38731830 PMCID: PMC11083829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Brevibacillus sp. JNUCC 41, characterized as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), actively participates in lipid metabolism and biocontrol based on gene analysis. This study aimed to investigate the crucial secondary metabolites in biological metabolism; fermentation, extraction, and isolation were performed, revealing that methyl indole-3-acetate showed the best hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory activity (IC50: 343.9 μM). Molecular docking results further revealed that the compound forms hydrogen bonds with the residues Tyr-75 and Tyr-247 of HAase (binding energy: -6.4 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the compound predominantly binds to HAase via hydrogen bonding (MM-PBSA binding energy: -24.9 kcal/mol) and exhibits good stability. The residues Tyr-247 and Tyr-202, pivotal for binding in docking, were also confirmed via MD simulations. This study suggests that methyl indole-3-acetate holds potential applications in anti-inflammatory and anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.); (X.L.)
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Jaber S, Nemska V, Iliev I, Ivanova E, Foteva T, Georgieva N, Givechev I, Tanev D, Naydenova E, Danalev D. Synthesis, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of (KLAKLAK) 2-NH 2 analogue containing nor-Leu and its conjugates with a second pharmacophore. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2162965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Jaber
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and System Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veronica Nemska
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and System Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Iliev
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Foteva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and System Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nelly Georgieva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and System Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Emilia Naydenova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dancho Danalev
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and System Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Choi MS, Lee CY, Kim JH, Lee YM, Lee S, Kim HJ, Heo K. Gramicidin, a Bactericidal Antibiotic, Is an Antiproliferative Agent for Ovarian Cancer Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2059. [PMID: 38138162 PMCID: PMC10744341 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gramicidin, a bactericidal antibiotic used in dermatology and ophthalmology, has recently garnered attention for its inhibitory actions against cancer cell growth. However, the effects of gramicidin on ovarian cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the anticancer efficacy of gramicidin against ovarian cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The anticancer effect of gramicidin was investigated through an in vitro experiment. We analyzed cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells using WST-1 assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL), DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and western blot. Results: Gramicidin treatment induces dose- and time-dependent decreases in OVCAR8, SKOV3, and A2780 ovarian cancer cell proliferation. TUNEL assay and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that gramicidin caused DNA fragmentation in ovarian cancer cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that gramicidin induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, we confirmed via Western blot that gramicidin triggered apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that gramicidin exerts its inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth by triggering apoptosis. Conclusively, this study provides new insights into the previously unexplored anticancer properties of gramicidin against ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (M.S.C.); (Y.M.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Chae Yeon Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (C.Y.L.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (C.Y.L.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Yul Min Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (M.S.C.); (Y.M.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (M.S.C.); (Y.M.L.); (S.L.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (C.Y.L.); (J.H.K.)
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (M.S.C.); (Y.M.L.); (S.L.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (C.Y.L.); (J.H.K.)
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (M.S.C.); (Y.M.L.); (S.L.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; (C.Y.L.); (J.H.K.)
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Characterization and Differential Cytotoxicity of Gramicidin Nanoparticles Combined with Cationic Polymer or Lipid Bilayer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102053. [PMID: 36297488 PMCID: PMC9610547 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin (Gr) nanoparticles (NPs) and poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium) chloride (PDDA) water dispersions were characterized and evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungus. Dynamic light scattering for sizing, zeta potential analysis, polydispersity, and colloidal stability over time characterized Gr NPs/PDDA dispersions, and plating and colony-forming units counting determined their microbicidal activity. Cell viabilities of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in the presence of the combinations were reduced by 6, 7, and 7 logs, respectively, at 10 μM Gr/10 μg·mL−1 PDDA, 0.5 μM Gr/0. 5μg·mL−1 PDDA, and 0.5 μM Gr/0.5 μg·mL−1 PDDA, respectively. In comparison to individual Gr doses, the combinations reduced doses by half (S. aureus) and a quarter (C. albicans); in comparison to individual PDDA doses, the combinations reduced doses by 6 times (P. aeruginosa) and 10 times (C. albicans). Gr in supported or free cationic lipid bilayers reduced Gr activity against S. aureus due to reduced Gr access to the pathogen. Facile Gr NPs/PDDA disassembly favored access of each agent to the pathogen: PDDA suctioned the pathogen cell wall facilitating Gr insertion in the pathogen cell membrane. Gr NPs/PDDA differential cytotoxicity suggested the possibility of novel systemic uses for the combination.
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Kaman WE, Nazmi K, Voskamp‐Visser AI, Bikker FJ. Gramicidin A is hydrolyzed by a d-stereospecific peptidase produced by Bacillus anthracis. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:570-576. [PMID: 35403341 PMCID: PMC9541196 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously we described the discovery of a Bacillus spp. specific peptidase activity related to d-stereospecific peptidases (DSPs). The peptidase showed a strong preference for d-leucine and d-valine amino acids. These amino acids are present in the structure of the non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) antibiotics gramicidin A, B and C and polymyxin E. To examine if the Bacillus spp. DSP-related peptidase can hydrolyze these NRPs, the effect of gramicidin A and C and polymyxin E on peptidase activity in Bacillus anthracis culture supernatant was monitored. It was found that both gramicidins inhibited the DSP-related activity in a competitive manner. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that upon incubation with B. anthracis culture supernatant gramicidin A hydrolyzation products appeared. This study shows that the Bacillus spp. specific DSP-like peptidase was potentially produced by the bacteria to gain intrinsic resistance against NRP antibiotics. These results are of utmost importance in research towards antimicrobial resistance, whereas transfer of DSP-related activity to other clinically relevant pathogens can be a serious threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E. Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004Amsterdam1081 LAThe Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004Amsterdam1081 LAThe Netherlands
| | - A. Ingrid Voskamp‐Visser
- Department of CBRN ProtectionNetherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNORijswijk2288 GJThe Netherlands
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004Amsterdam1081 LAThe Netherlands
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Silva ARP, Guimarães M, Rabelo J, Belen L, Perecin C, Farias J, Picado Madalena Santos JH, Rangel-Yagui CO. Recent advances in the design of antimicrobial peptide conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3587-3600. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous host defense peptides characterized by antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to classic antibiotics. While several AMPs have shown activity against antibiotic-sensitive...
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Kondrashov OV, Akimov SA. Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptide Activity via Tuning Deformation Fields by Membrane-Deforming Inclusions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010326. [PMID: 35008752 PMCID: PMC8745196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered prospective antibiotics. Some AMPs fight bacteria via cooperative formation of pores in their plasma membranes. Most AMPs at their working concentrations can induce lysis of eukaryotic cells as well. Gramicidin A (gA) is a peptide, the transmembrane dimers of which form cation-selective channels in membranes. It is highly toxic for mammalians as being majorly hydrophobic gA incorporates and induces leakage of both bacterial and eukaryotic cell membranes. Both pore-forming AMPs and gA deform the membrane. Here we suggest a possible way to reduce the working concentrations of AMPs at the expense of application of highly-selective amplifiers of AMP activity in target membranes. The amplifiers should alter the deformation fields in the membrane in a way favoring the membrane-permeabilizing states. We developed the statistical model that allows describing the effect of membrane-deforming inclusions on the equilibrium between AMP monomers and cooperative membrane-permeabilizing structures. On the example of gA monomer-dimer equilibrium, the model predicts that amphipathic peptides and short transmembrane peptides playing the role of the membrane-deforming inclusions, even in low concentration can substantially increase the lifetime and average number of gA channels.
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10
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Morrison KA, Doekhie A, Neville GM, Price GJ, Whitley P, Doutch J, Edler KJ. Ab initio reconstruction of small angle scattering data for membrane proteins in copolymer nanodiscs. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 37082608 PMCID: PMC10074903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small angle scattering techniques are beginning to be more widely utilised for structural analysis of biological systems. However, applying these techniques to study membrane proteins still remains problematic, due to sample preparation requirements and analysis of the resulting data. The development of styrene-maleic acid co-polymers (SMA) to extract membrane proteins into nanodiscs for further study provides a suitable environment for structural analysis. Methods We use small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with three different contrasts to determine structural information for two different polymer nanodisc-incorporated proteins, Outer membrane protein F (OmpF) and gramicidin. Ab initio modelling was applied to generate protein/lipid structures from the SANS data. Other complementary structural methodologies, such as DLS, CD and TEM were compared alongside this data with known protein crystal structures. Results A single-phase model was constructed for gramicidin-containing nanodiscs, which showed dimer formation in the centre of the nanodisc. For OmpF-nanodiscs we were able to construct a multi-phase model, providing structural information on the protein/lipid and polymer components of the sample. Conclusions Polymer-nanodiscs can provide a suitable platform to investigate certain membrane proteins using SANS, alongside other structural methodologies. However, differences between the published crystal structure and OmpF-nanodiscs were observed, suggesting the nanodisc structure could be altering the folding of the protein. General significance Small angle scattering techniques can provide structural information on the protein and polymer nanodisc without requiring crystallisation of the protein. Additional complementary techniques, such as ab initio modelling, can generate alternative models both the protein and nanodisc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie A. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aswin Doekhie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - George M. Neville
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Gareth J. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paul Whitley
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX. UK
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Braglia C, Alberoni D, Porrini MP, Garrido PM, Baffoni L, Di Gioia D. Screening of Dietary Ingredients against the Honey Bee Parasite Nosema ceranae. Pathogens 2021; 10:1117. [PMID: 34578150 PMCID: PMC8466614 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is a major pathogen in the beekeeping sector, responsible for nosemosis. This disease is hard to manage since its symptomatology is masked until a strong collapse of the colony population occurs. Conversely, no medicaments are available in the market to counteract nosemosis, and only a few feed additives, with claimed antifungal action, are available. New solutions are strongly required, especially based on natural methods alternative to veterinary drugs that might develop resistance or strongly pollute honey bees and the environment. This study aims at investigating the nosemosis antiparasitic potential of some plant extracts, microbial fermentation products, organic acids, food chain waste products, bacteriocins, and fungi. Honey bees were singularly infected with 5 × 104 freshly prepared N. ceranae spores, reared in cages and fed ad libitum with sugar syrup solution containing the active ingredient. N. ceranae in the gut of honey bees was estimated using qPCR. The results showed that some of the ingredients administered, such as acetic acid at high concentration, p-coumaric acid, and Saccharomyces sp. strain KIA1, were effective in the control of nosemosis. On the other hand, wine acetic acid strongly increased the N. ceranae amount. This study investigates the possibility of using compounds such as organic acids or biological agents including those at the base of the circular economy, i.e., wine waste production, in order to improve honeybee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Braglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (D.D.G.)
| | - Daniele Alberoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (D.D.G.)
| | - Martin Pablo Porrini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata-CONICET-UNMdP-CIC-PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata Zc 7600, Argentina; (M.P.P.); (P.M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata Zc 7600, Argentina
| | - Paula Melisa Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata-CONICET-UNMdP-CIC-PBA, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata Zc 7600, Argentina; (M.P.P.); (P.M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata Zc 7600, Argentina
| | - Loredana Baffoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (D.D.G.)
| | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (L.B.); (D.D.G.)
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Haoyang WW, Xiao Q, Ye Z, Fu Y, Zhang DW, Li J, Xiao L, Li ZT, Hou JL. Gramicidin A-based unimolecular channel: cancer cell-targeting behavior and ion transport-induced apoptosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1097-1100. [PMID: 33443269 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of glycoside-peptide conjugates were prepared by engineering at the N-terminus of the natural peptide gramicidin A. The conjugate containing galactose moiety formed a unimolecular transmembrane channel and mediated ion transport to induce apoptosis of cancer cells. More importantly, it exhibited liver cancer cell-targeting behavior due to the galactose-asialoglycoprotein receptor recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Haoyang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhongju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry Nankai University, China.
| | - Yonghong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry Nankai University, China.
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Ryu M, Park J, Yeom JH, Joo M, Lee K. Rediscovery of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents. J Microbiol 2021; 59:113-123. [PMID: 33527313 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is increasing rapidly. There is growing concern as the development of antibiotics is slower than the increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. Despite their name, which implies their antimicrobial activity, AMPs have recently been rediscovered as compounds having antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and insecticidal effects. Moreover, many AMPs are relatively safe from toxic side effects and the generation of resistant microorganisms due to their target specificity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying their action. In this review, we summarize the history, classification, and mechanisms of action of AMPs, and provide descriptions of AMPs undergoing clinical trials. We also discuss the obstacles associated with the development of AMPs as therapeutic agents and recent strategies formulated to circumvent these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Ryu
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yeom
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minju Joo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Takada Y, Itoh H, Paudel A, Panthee S, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Inoue M. Discovery of gramicidin A analogues with altered activities by multidimensional screening of a one-bead-one-compound library. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4935. [PMID: 33004797 PMCID: PMC7531004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin A (1) is a peptide antibiotic that disrupts the transmembrane ion concentration gradient by forming an ion channel in a lipid bilayer. Although long used clinically, it is limited to topical application because of its strong hemolytic activity and mammalian cytotoxicity, likely arising from the common ion transport mechanism. Here we report an integrated high-throughput strategy for discovering analogues of 1 with altered biological activity profiles. The 4096 analogue structures are designed to maintain the charge-neutral, hydrophobic, and channel forming properties of 1. Synthesis of the analogues, tandem mass spectrometry sequencing, and 3 microscale screenings enable us to identify 10 representative analogues. Re-synthesis and detailed functional evaluations find that all 10 analogues share a similar ion channel function, but have different cytotoxic, hemolytic, and antibacterial activities. Our large-scale structure-activity relationship studies reveal the feasibility of developing analogues of 1 that selectively induce toxicity toward target organisms. The strong hemolytic activity and mammalian cytotoxicity of gramicidin A, a peptide antibiotic, has hindered its non-topical clinical application. Here, the authors report a high-throughput strategy for the discovery of gramicidin A analogues with altered biological activity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Takada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Suresh Panthee
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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15
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Antimicrobial Peptides as New Combination Agents in Cancer Therapeutics: A Promising Protocol against HT-29 Tumoral Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186964. [PMID: 32971958 PMCID: PMC7555805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are molecules synthetized by a large variety of organisms as an innate defense against pathogens. These natural compounds have been identified as promising alternatives to widely used molecules to treat infections and cancer cells. Antimicrobial peptides could be viewed as future chemotherapeutic alternatives, having the advantage of low propensity to drug resistance. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin A (GA) and the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Doxo) against the spheroids from colorectal cancer cells (HT-29). The two drugs were applied separately against HT-29 spheroids as well as together to determine if they can act synergistically. The spheroid evolution, cell viability, and ATP levels were monitored at 24 and 48 h after the applied treatments. The results show significant drops in cell viability and cellular ATP levels for all the experimental treatments. The simultaneous use of the two compounds (GA and Doxo) seems to cause a synergistic effect against the spheroids.
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16
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Tawfik H, Puza S, Seemann R, Fleury JB. Transport Properties of Gramicidin A Ion Channel in a Free-Standing Lipid Bilayer Filled With Oil Inclusions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:531229. [PMID: 33015051 PMCID: PMC7498540 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.531229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are key proteins in mammalian cell membranes. They have a central role in the physiology of excitable cells such as neurons, muscle, and heart cells. They also play a crucial role in kidney physiology. The gramicidin ion channel is one of the most studied ion channels, in particular it was intensively employed to investigate the lipid–protein interactions in model cell membranes. For example, even though the sequence of gramicidin is extremely hydrophobic, its motion is impaired in membrane bilayer, i.e., it does not rapidly flip to the other membrane leaflet, and low channel activity were observed when gramicidin is added asymmetrically to only one leaflet of a model cell membrane. In this article, we study the transport properties of gramicidin channel in a heterogeneous model membrane. Using microfluidics, we are forming freestanding bilayers as model cell membranes including heterogeneous domains that are created by oil inclusions. The presence of oil inclusions is then demonstrated by measuring the bilayer capacity via a patch-clamp amplifier and fluorescent confocal inspection. Based on electrophysiological and optical measurements Gramicidin A (gA) ion channels are dispersed into the buffer phases on both side of the formed lipid bilayer and insert spontaneously into the bilayer upon formation. The presence of functional Gramicidin A is then demonstrated by measuring conductivity signals. Based on electrophysiological and optical measurements, we explore the consequence of the presence of these oil inclusions on the functionality of incorporated gA ion channels. For low oil concentration, we measure a decrease of gA transport properties due to the reduction of the bilayer tension. For large oil concentration, we measure a saturation of gA transport properties due to an increase of the bilayer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Tawfik
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sevde Puza
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ralf Seemann
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fleury
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Mao J, Itoh H, Sakurai K, Inoue M. Phospholipid-Dependent Functions of a Macrocyclic Analogue of the Ion-Channel-Forming Antibiotic Gramicidin A. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:173-178. [PMID: 32009085 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An ion-channel-forming natural peptide, gramicidin A (1), exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, although medical applications are limited to topical use due to its mammalian cytotoxicity. We recently reported that the artificial macrocyclic analogue 2 provides a promising starting point for developing new ion-channel-based systemic antibacterial agents because of its low mammalian cytotoxicity compared to that of the parent 1. To dissect the molecular factors involved in the species selectivity of 2, we evaluated the ion transport activities, phospholipid affinities, and conformational properties of 1 and 2 using various compositions of phospholipids. A combination of lipid dot blot assays and circular dichroism (CD) analysis with H+/Na+ exchange assays revealed that the higher H+/Na+ exchange activity of 2 than that of 1 in liposomes containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (POPG) is attributable to its higher affinity towards the phospholipids than that of 1. Notably, we also discovered that 2 showed weaker H+/Na+ exchange activity in liposomes containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE). CD analysis of 2 in liposomes indicated that the weak H+/Na+ exchange activity is induced by disturbance of the ion-conducting β6.3-helical conformation in the POPE-containing lipid bilayer. These results suggest that the POPE-induced attenuation of the ion-conducting activity of 2 contributes to the alleviation of undesirable mammalian cytotoxicity of 2 compared to that of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Mao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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18
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Xin P, Zhao L, Mao L, Xu L, Hou S, Kong H, Fang H, Zhu H, Jiang T, Chen CP. Effect of charge status on the ion transport and antimicrobial activity of synthetic channels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13796-13799. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge status of channels formed by pillararene–gramicidin hybrid molecules has a significant impact on their trans-membrane transport properties, membrane-association abilities and antimicrobial activities.
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19
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Walker LR, Marzluff EM, Townsend JA, Resager WC, Marty MT. Native Mass Spectrometry of Antimicrobial Peptides in Lipid Nanodiscs Elucidates Complex Assembly. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9284-9291. [PMID: 31251560 PMCID: PMC6635019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are generally cationic and amphipathic peptides that show potential applications to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistant infections. AMPs are known to interact with bacterial membranes, but their mechanisms of toxicity and selectivity are poorly understood, in part because it is challenging to characterize AMP oligomeric complexes within lipid bilayers. Here, we used native mass spectrometry to measure the stoichiometry of AMPs inserted into lipoprotein nanodiscs with different lipid components. Titrations of increasing peptide concentration and collisional activation experiments reveal that AMPs can exhibit a range of behaviors from nonspecific incorporation into the nanodisc to formation of specific complexes. This new approach to characterizing formation of AMP complexes within lipid membranes will provide unique insights into AMP mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | | | - Julia A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - William C. Resager
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Michael T. Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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20
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Haoyang W, Zhang M, Hou J. Deformylated Gramicidin A and Its Derivatives Showing High Antimicrobial Activity and Low Hemolytic Toxicity. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Wei Haoyang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jun‐Li Hou
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433 China
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21
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Musin KG. ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES — A POTENTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR TRADITIONAL ANTIBIOTICS. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2018. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-295-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are a heterogeneous group of molecules involved in the innate and acquired immune response of various organisms, ranging from prokaryotes to mammals, including humans. They consist of 12–50 amino acid residues; have different physico-chemical and biological properties. The most common feature is their ability to destroy the prokaryotic cell membrane, which causes cell death. In the action, the molecules of antimicrobial peptides are embedded in the target bacteriological cells and change their conformation, forming structures in some cases resembling channels. Some other molecules of antimicrobial peptides can cover the surface of a bacteriological cell and form a carpet, when they reach a critical mass they act like detergents. In addition, being positively charged molecules of such peptides, penetrating through the membranes of parasitic and bacteriological cells, bind to polyanionic RNA and DNA molecules. Among the benefits of antimicrobial peptides is their high metabolic activity, low probability of occurrence of addictions and side effects. In addition, bacteriological pathogens that previously did not have resistance to any antimicrobial peptide are difficult to develop a strategy to control them. In this connection, these peptides are the most promising moleculessubstitutes for traditional antibiotics. The article discusses the approaches and strategies of therapeutic use, the studies of antimicrobial peptides identified in recent years; The most frequently encountered mechanisms of interaction of antimicrobial peptides and a bacteriological membrane are described, the physicochemical properties of peptide molecules are described; the results of studies on the detection of resistance of some strains of bacteria to antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics in general are summarized.
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22
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Chakraborty K, Dutta C, Mukherjee S, Biswas A, Gayen P, George G, Raghothama S, Ghosh S, Dey S, Bhattacharyya D, Sinha Roy R. Engineering Ionophore Gramicidin-Inspired Self-Assembled Peptides for Drug Delivery and Cancer Nanotherapeutics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturee Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Chiranjit Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sanchita Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Paramita Gayen
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Gijo George
- NMR Research Centre; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | | | - Snehasish Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Souvik Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Dhananjay Bhattacharyya
- Computational Science Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; Kolkata, 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata 700064 India
| | - Rituparna Sinha Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
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23
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Feng WX, Sun Z, Barboiu M. Pillar[n
]arenes for Construction of Artificial Transmembrane Channels. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xu Feng
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an, Shannxi 710129 China
| | - Zhanhu Sun
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS; Place E. Bataillon CC047 Montpellier F-34095 France
- Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai China 200062
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS; Place E. Bataillon CC047 Montpellier F-34095 France
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24
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Antimicrobial peptides produced by Brevibacillus spp.: structure, classification and bioactivity: a mini review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Reddy DN, Singh S, Ho CMW, Patel J, Schlesinger P, Rodgers S, Doctor A, Marshall GR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of stable β 6.3-Helices: Discovery of non-hemolytic antibacterial peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:193-210. [PMID: 29501941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gramicidin A, a topical antibiotic made from alternating L and D amino acids, is characterized by its wide central pore; upon insertion into membranes, it forms channels that disrupts ion gradients. We present helical peptidomimetics with this characteristic wide central pore that have been designed to mimic gramicidin A channels. Mimetics were designed using molecular modeling focused on oligomers of heterochiral dipeptides of proline analogs, in particular azaproline (AzPro). Molecular Dynamics simulations in water confirmed the stability of the designed helices. A sixteen-residue Formyl-(AzPro-Pro)8-NHCH2CH2OH helix was synthesized as well as a full thirty-two residue Cbz-(AzPro-Pro)16-OtBu channels. No liposomal lysis activity was observed suggesting lack of channel formation, possibly due to inappropriate hydrogen-bonding interactions in the membrane. These peptidomimetics also did not hemolyze red blood cells, unlike gramicidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodara N Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Sukrit Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chris M W Ho
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Janki Patel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul Schlesinger
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Rodgers
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Garland R Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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26
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Antimicrobial Electrospun Fibers of Polyester Loaded with Engineered Cyclic Gramicidin Analogues. FIBERS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fib5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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28
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Xin P, Sun Y, Kong H, Wang Y, Tan S, Guo J, Jiang T, Dong W, Chen CP. A unimolecular channel formed by dual helical peptide modified pillar[5]arene: correlating transmembrane transport properties with antimicrobial activity and haemolytic toxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11492-11495. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Five unimolecular channels with different lengths are presented. The varying length of these channels has significant impact on their transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Xin
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Yonghui Sun
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Huiyuan Kong
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Si Tan
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Tao Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Wenpei Dong
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chang-Po Chen
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
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29
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Patrick JW, Zerfas B, Gao J, Russell DH. Rapid capillary mixing experiments for the analysis of hydrophobic membrane complexes directly from aqueous lipid bilayer solutions. Analyst 2017; 142:310-315. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixing tee-electrospray ionization coupled to ion mobility-mass spectrometry reveals gramicidin A dimer conformer preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | | | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
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30
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Carrasco LDDM, Bertolucci R, Ribeiro RT, Sampaio JLM, Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Cationic Nanostructures against Foodborne Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1804. [PMID: 27881979 PMCID: PMC5101191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Dias de Melo Carrasco
- Laboratório de Biocolóides, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Bertolucci
- Laboratório de Biocolóides, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biocolóides, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge L M Sampaio
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Carmona-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biocolóides, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Jadhav KB, Stein C, Makarewicz O, Pradel G, Lichtenecker RJ, Sack H, Heinemann SH, Arndt HD. Bioactivity of topologically confined gramicidin A dimers. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:261-268. [PMID: 27865644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The d-/l-peptide gramicidin A (gA) is well known as a pivotal ion channel model and shows a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as antibiosis, antimalarial activity, as well as hemolysis. We applied inter-chain disulfide bonds to constrain the conformational freedom of gA into parallel and antiparallel dimeric topologies. Albeit the constructs were not found to be monoconformational, CD- and IR-spectroscopic studies suggested that this strategy indeed restricted the conformational space of the d-/l-peptide construct, and that β-helical secondary structures prevail. Correlative testing of gA dimers in antimicrobial, antimalarial, and ion conduction assays suggested that the tail-to-tail antiparallel single stranded β6.3 helix dominantly mediates the bioactivity of gA. Other conformers are unlikely to contribute to these activities. From these investigations, only weakly ion conducting gA dimers were identified that retained nM antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar B Jadhav
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Humboldtstr. 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Stein
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- RWTH Aachen University, Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman J Lichtenecker
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Humboldtstr. 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Sack
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan H Heinemann
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Humboldtstr. 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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32
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Lei WX, Chen XC, Hu M, Chang H, Xu H, Ren KF, Ji J. Dynamic spongy films to immobilize hydrophobic antimicrobial peptides for self-healing bactericidal coating. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6358-6365. [PMID: 32263537 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A constant increase of nosocomial infections that are caused by adhesion and colonization of pathogenic microorganisms, especially drug-resistant bacteria, on the surfaces of healthcare devices has received considerable attention worldwide. In this study, bioinspired by antimicrobial skins of natural living beings, we developed a self-healing bactericidal coating through the immobilization of hydrophobic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) into a multilayer film, which was constructed through the enhanced exponential layer-by-layer assembly of polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The (PEI/PAA) film shows particular dynamic properties from the as-prepared thin solid film to a spongy microporous structure via acid solution treatment, and then back to the thin solid film by eliminating micropores via the treatment of saturated humidity. Consequently, the loading and integration of hydrophobic AMPs such as gramicidin A (GA) into the (PEI/PAA) film were achieved via simple wicking action with GA solution and subsequent humidity treatment, respectively. The GA loading densities can be precisely controlled by using different concentrations of GA solution. We demonstrated that the GA immobilized (PEI/PAA) film has rapid self-healing properties, and that Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus including the methicillin-resistant type were efficiently killed through the contact-killing mode. Collectively, this self-healing bactericidal coating shows practical potential in a variety of healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xi Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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33
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Antonenko YN, Gluhov GS, Firsov AM, Pogozheva ID, Kovalchuk SI, Pechnikova EV, Kotova EA, Sokolova OS. Gramicidin A disassembles large conductive clusters of its lysine-substituted derivatives in lipid membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:17461-70. [PMID: 26077982 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-terminally substituted lysine derivatives of gramicidin A (gA), [Lys1]gA and [Lys3]gA, but not glutamate- or aspartate-substituted peptides have been previously shown to cause the leakage of carboxyfluorescein from liposomes. Here, the leakage induction was also observed for [Arg1]gA and [Arg3]gA, while [His1]gA and [His3]gA were inactive at neutral pH. The Lys3-containing analogue with all tryptophans replaced by isoleucines did not induce liposome leakage, similar to gA. This suggests that the presence of both tryptophans and N-terminal cationic residues is critical for pore formation. Remarkably, the addition of gA blocked the leakage induced by [Lys3]gA. By examining with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy the peptide-induced leakage of fluorescent markers from liposomes, we estimated the diameter of pores responsible for the leakage to be about 1.6 nm. Transmission electron cryo-microscopy imaging of liposomes with [Lys3]gA showed that the liposomal membranes contained high electron density particles with a size of about 40 Å, suggesting the formation of peptide clusters. No such clusterization was observed in liposomes incorporating gA or a mixture of gA with [Lys3]gA. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the clusters was compatible with their pentameric arrangement. Based on experimental data and computational modeling, we suggest that the large pore formed by [Lys3]gA represents a barrel-stave oligomeric cluster formed by antiparallel double-stranded helical dimers (DH). In a tentative model, the pentamer of dimers may be stabilized by aromatic Trp-Trp and cation-π Trp-Lys interactions between the neighboring DHs. The inhibiting effect of gA on the [Lys3]gA-induced leakage can be attributed to breaking of cation-π interactions, which prevents peptide clusterization and pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Zerfas BL, Joo Y, Gao J. Gramicidin A Mutants with Antibiotic Activity against Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:629-36. [PMID: 26918268 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potential as alternatives to traditional antibiotics for fighting infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One promising example of this is gramicidin A (gA). In its wild-type sequence, gA is active by permeating the plasma membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. However, gA is toxic to human red blood cells at similar concentrations to those required for it to exert its antimicrobial effects. Installing cationic side chains into gA has been shown to lower its hemolytic activity while maintaining the antimicrobial potency. In this study, we present the synthesis and the antibiotic activity of a new series of gA mutants that display cationic side chains. Specifically, by synthesizing alkylated lysine derivatives through reductive amination, we were able to create a broad selection of structures with varied activities towards Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Importantly, some of the new mutants were observed to have an unprecedented activity towards important Gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Psuedomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna L Zerfas
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemisty Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02461, USA
| | - Yechaan Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemisty Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02461, USA
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemisty Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02461, USA.
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35
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Sychev SV, Sukhanov SV, Telezhinskaya IN, Ovchinnikova TV. Effective lipid-detergent system for study of membrane active peptides in fluid liposomes. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:98-105. [PMID: 26751806 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The structure of peptide antibiotic gramicidin A (gA) was studied in phosphatidylcholin liposomes modified by nonionic detergent Triton X-100. First, the detergent : lipid ratio at which the saturation of lipid membrane by Triton X-100 occurs (Re (sat)), was determined by light scattering. Measurements of steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene at sublytic concentrations of detergent showed that after saturation of the membrane by Triton X-100 microviscosity of lipid bilayer is reduced by 20%. The equilibrium conformational state of gA in phosphatidylcholine liposomes at Re (sat) was studied by CD spectroscopy. It was found that the conformational state of this channel-forming peptide changed crucially when Triton X-100 induced transition to more fluid membranes. The gA single-channel measurements were made with Triton X-100 containing bilayers. Tentative assignment of the channel type and gA structures was made by correlation of CD data with conductance histograms. Lipid-detergent system with variable viscosity developed in this work can be used to study the structure and folding of other membrane-active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Sychev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav V Sukhanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina N Telezhinskaya
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, str, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Alarfaj AA, Lee HHC, Munusamy MA, Ling QD, Kumar S, Chang Y, Chen YM, Lin HR, Lu YT, Wu GJ, Higuchi A. Development of biomaterial surfaces with and without microbial nanosegments. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Infections by microorganisms are a major problem in public health throughout the world. Artificial materials, including biomedical goods, inherently lack defense against microbial development. Therefore, microbial cells can adhere on any type of artificial surface, particularly in a moist environment, and start to multiply to form a huge population. In this review, we will discuss a strategy for designing antimicrobial polymers and antimicrobial surfaces. Generally, there are five types of antimicrobial polymers: (a) polymeric biocides, (b) biocidal polymers, (c) biocide-releasing polymers, (d) bioactive oligopeptides, and (e) antimicrobial surfaces. Antimicrobial surfaces preventing the growth of microorganisms are a promising method to inhibit the spread of microbial infections. The antimicrobial surfaces can reject the attachment of microbes and/or kill microbes in the vicinity and can be designed to kill microbes on contact. It is recommended that the material surface not release biocidal substances, therefore preventing exhaustion of biocide release to kill microbes. Furthermore, the antimicrobial surfaces are desired to be nontoxic to human cells. The development of contact-active antimicrobial surfaces by grafting antimicrobial nanosegments onto the material surface will be an important topic in the future.
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37
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Maione S, del Valle LJ, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Cativiela C, Puiggalí J, Alemán C. Electrospray loading and release of hydrophobic gramicidin in polyester microparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin, a pentadecapeptide with well-known antimicrobial properties and recently identified therapeutic activity against different carcinomas, has been loaded by electrospraying in biodegradable and biocompatible poly(tetramethylene succinate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Maione
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
| | - Maria M. Pérez-Madrigal
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
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38
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Gramicidin A: A New Mission for an Old Antibiotic. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2015; 2:15-24. [PMID: 28326255 PMCID: PMC5345515 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gramicidin A (GA) is a channel-forming ionophore that renders biological membranes permeable to specific cations which disrupts cellular ionic homeostasis. It is a well-known antibiotic, however it’s potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer has not been widely evaluated. In two recently published studies, we showed that GA treatment is toxic to cell lines and tumor xenografts derived from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a devastating disease that is highly resistant to conventional therapy. GA was found to possess the qualities of both a cytotoxic drug and a targeted angiogenesis inhibitor, and this combination significantly compromised RCC growth in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize our recent research on GA, discuss the possible mechanisms whereby it exerts its anti-tumor effects, and share our perspectives on the future opportunities and challenges to the use of GA as a new anticancer agent.
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Mao J, Kuranaga T, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Inoue M. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Lactam-Bridged Gramicidin A Analogues: Discovery of a Low-Hemolytic Antibacterial Peptide. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:540-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, de Melo Carrasco LD. Novel formulations for antimicrobial peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18040-83. [PMID: 25302615 PMCID: PMC4227203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides in general hold much promise as a major ingredient in novel supramolecular assemblies. They may become essential in vaccine design, antimicrobial chemotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, food preservation, organs transplants, design of novel materials for dentistry, formulations against diabetes and other important strategical applications. This review discusses how novel formulations may improve the therapeutic index of antimicrobial peptides by protecting their activity and improving their bioavailability. The diversity of novel formulations using lipids, liposomes, nanoparticles, polymers, micelles, etc., within the limits of nanotechnology may also provide novel applications going beyond antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Dias de Melo Carrasco
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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41
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Ragioto DAMT, Carrasco LDM, Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Novel gramicidin formulations in cationic lipid as broad-spectrum microbicidal agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3183-92. [PMID: 25061295 PMCID: PMC4085336 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) is an antimicrobial lipid that can be dispersed as large closed bilayers (LV) or bilayer disks (BF). Gramicidin (Gr) is an antimicrobial peptide assembling as channels in membranes and increasing their permeability towards cations. In mammalian cells, DODAB and Gr have the drawbacks of Gram-positive resistance and high toxicity, respectively. In this study, DODAB bilayers incorporating Gr showed good antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. Techniques employed were spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy for sizing and evaluation of the surface potential at the shear plane, turbidimetric detection of dissipation of osmotic gradients in LV/Gr, determination of bacterial cell lysis, and counting of colony-forming units. There was quantitative incorporation of Gr and development of functional channels in LV. Gr increased the bilayer charge density in LV but did not affect the BF charge density, with localization of Gr at the BF borders. DODAB/Gr formulations substantially reduce Gr toxicity against eukaryotic cells and advantageously broaden the antimicrobial activity spectrum, effectively killing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with occurrence of cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A M T Ragioto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia D M Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Carmona-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Chang L, Podoll JD, Wang W, Walls S, O'Rourke CP, Wang X. Structure-activity relationship studies of the tricyclic indoline resistance-modifying agent. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3803-17. [PMID: 24694192 PMCID: PMC4018117 DOI: 10.1021/jm500146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Previously we discovered a tricyclic
indoline, N-[2-(6-bromo-4-methylidene-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-4a-yl)ethyl]-4-chlorobenzene-1-sulfonamide (1, Of1), from bioinspired synthesis of a highly diverse polycyclic
indoline alkaloid library, that selectively resensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains to β-lactam antibiotics.
Herein, we report a thorough structure–activity relationship
investigation of 1, which identified regions of 1 that tolerate modifications without compromising activity
and afforded the discovery of a more potent analogue with reduced
mammalian toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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43
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Si W, Li ZT, Hou JL. Voltage-Driven Reversible Insertion into and Leaving from a Lipid Bilayer: Tuning Transmembrane Transport of Artificial Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Si W, Li ZT, Hou JL. Voltage-Driven Reversible Insertion into and Leaving from a Lipid Bilayer: Tuning Transmembrane Transport of Artificial Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4578-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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David JM, Owens TA, Inge LJ, Bremner RM, Rajasekaran AK. Gramicidin A Blocks Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis through Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:788-99. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Mayer M, Yang J. Engineered ion channels as emerging tools for chemical biology. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2998-3008. [PMID: 23932142 DOI: 10.1021/ar400129t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, researchers have developed exogenously expressed, genetically engineered, semi-synthetic, and entirely synthetic ion channels. These structures have sufficient fidelity to serve as unique tools that can reveal information about living organisms. One of the most exciting success stories is optogenetics: the use of light-gated channels to trigger action potentials in specific neurons combined with studies of the response from networks of cells or entire live animals. Despite this breakthrough, the use of molecularly engineered ion channels for studies of biological systems is still in its infancy. Historically, researchers studied ion channels in the context of their own function in single cells or in multicellular signaling and regulation. Only recently have researchers considered ion channels and pore-forming peptides as responsive tools to report on the chemical and physical changes produced by other biochemical processes and reactions. This emerging class of molecular probes has a number of useful characteristics. For instance, these structures can greatly amplify the signal of chemical changes: the binding of one molecule to a ligand-gated ion channel can result in flux of millions of ions across a cell membrane. In addition, gating occurs on sub-microsecond time scales, resulting in fast response times. Moreover, the signal is complementary to existing techniques because the output is ionic current rather than fluorescence or radioactivity. And finally, ion channels are also localized at the membrane of cells where essential processes such as signaling and regulation take place. This Account highlights examples, mostly from our own work, of uses of ion channels and pore-forming peptides such as gramicidin in chemical biology. We discuss various strategies for preparing synthetically tailored ion channels that range from de novo designed synthetic molecules to genetically engineered or simply exogenously expressed or reconstituted wild-type channels. Next we consider aspects of experimental design by comparing various membrane environments or systems that make it possible to quantify the response of ion channels to biochemical processes of interest. We present applications of ion channels to answer questions in chemical biology, and propose potential future developments and applications of these single molecule probes. Finally we discuss the hurdles that impede the routine use of ion channel probes in biochemistry and cell biology laboratories and developments and strategies that could overcome these problems. Optogenetics has facilitated breakthroughs in neuroscience, and these results give a dramatic idea of what may lie ahead for designed ion channels as a functional class of molecular probes. If researchers can improve molecular engineering to increase ion channel versatility and can overcome the barriers to collaborating across disciplines, we conclude that these structures could have tremendous potential as novel tools for chemical biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2110, United States
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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47
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Wang F, Qin L, Wong P, Gao J. Effects of lysine methylation on gramicidin A channel folding in lipid membranes. Biopolymers 2013; 100:656-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467
| | - Luoheng Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467
| | - Patrick Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467
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48
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Lichtenecker RJ, Ellinger B, Han HM, Jadhav KB, Baumann S, Makarewicz O, Grabenbauer M, Arndt HD. Iterative antimicrobial candidate selection from informed d-/l-Peptide dimer libraries. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2492-9. [PMID: 24151156 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing resistance to antibiotics, as well as newly emerging pathogens, stimulate the investigation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic agents. Here, we report a new library design concept based on a stochastic distribution of natural AMP amino acid sequences onto half-length synthetic peptides. For these compounds, a non-natural motif of alternating D- and L-backbone stereochemistry of the peptide chain predisposed for β-helix formation was explored. Synthetic D-/L-peptides with permuted half-length sequences were delineated from a full-length starter sequence and covalently recombined to create two-dimensional compound arrays for antibacterial screening. Using the natural AMP magainin as a seed sequence, we identified and iteratively optimized hit compounds showing high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with low hemolytic activity. Cryo-electron microscopy characterized the membrane-associated mechanism of action of the new D-/L-peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J Lichtenecker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund (Germany); Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien (Austria)
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David JM, Owens TA, Barwe SP, Rajasekaran AK. Gramicidin A induces metabolic dysfunction and energy depletion leading to cell death in renal cell carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2296-307. [PMID: 24006494 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are lipid-soluble organic molecules that disrupt cellular transmembrane potential by rendering biologic membranes permeable to specific ions. They include mobile-carriers that complex with metal cations and channel-formers that insert into the membrane to form hydrophilic pores. Although mobile-carriers possess anticancer properties, investigations on channel-formers are limited. Here, we used the channel-forming ionophore gramicidin A to study its effects on the growth and survival of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. RCC is a histologically heterogeneous malignancy that is highly resistant to conventional treatments. We found that gramicidin A reduced the in vitro viability of several RCC cell lines at submicromolar concentrations (all IC50 < 1.0 μmol/L). Gramicidin A exhibited similar toxicity in RCC cells regardless of histologic subtype or the expression of either the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene or its downstream target, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Gramicidin A decreased cell viability equal to or greater than the mobile-carrier monensin depending on the cell line. Mechanistic examination revealed that gramicidin A blocks ATP generation by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, leading to cellular energy depletion and nonapoptotic cell death. Finally, gramicidin A effectively reduced the growth of RCC tumor xenografts in vivo. These results show a novel application of gramicidin A as a potential therapeutic agent for RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M David
- Corresponding Author: Ayyappan K. Rajasekaran, Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803.
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50
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Regula LK, Harris R, Wang F, Higgins CD, Koellhoffer JF, Zhao Y, Chandran K, Gao J, Girvin ME, Lai JR. Conformational properties of peptides corresponding to the ebolavirus GP2 membrane-proximal external region in the presence of micelle-forming surfactants and lipids. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3393-404. [PMID: 23650881 DOI: 10.1021/bi400040v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus and Sudan virus are members of the family Filoviridae of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses ("filoviruses") that cause severe hemorrhagic fever with fatality rates as high as 90%. Infection by filoviruses requires membrane fusion between the host and the virus; this process is facilitated by the two subunits of the envelope glycoprotein, GP1 (the surface subunit) and GP2 (the transmembrane subunit). The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) is a Trp-rich segment that immediately precedes the transmembrane domain of GP2. In the analogous glycoprotein for HIV-1 (gp41), the MPER is critical for membrane fusion and is the target of several neutralizing antibodies. However, the role of the MPER in filovirus GP2 and its importance in membrane fusion have not been established. Here, we characterize the conformational properties of peptides representing the GP MPER segments of Ebola virus and Sudan virus in the presence of micelle-forming surfactants and lipids, at pH 7 and 4.6. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and tryptophan fluorescence indicate that the GP2 MPER peptides bind to micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the Sudan virus MPER peptide revealed that residues 644-651 interact directly with DPC, and that this interaction enhances the helical conformation of the peptide. The Sudan virus MPER peptide was found to moderately inhibit cell entry by a GP-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus but did not induce leakage of a fluorescent molecule from a large unilammellar vesicle comprised of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine or cause hemolysis. Taken together, this analysis suggests the filovirus GP2 MPER binds and inserts shallowly into lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Regula
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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