1
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Reiter S, Gordiy I, Kollmannsberger KL, Liu F, Thyrhaug E, Leister D, Warnan J, Hauer J, de Vivie-Riedle R. Molecular interactions of photosystem I and ZIF-8 in bio-nanohybrid materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23228-23239. [PMID: 39192757 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp03021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bio-nanohybrid devices featuring natural photocatalysts bound to a nanostructure hold great promise in the search for sustainable energy conversion. One of the major challenges of integrating biological systems is protecting them against harsh environmental conditions while retaining, or ideally enhancing their photophysical properties. In this mainly computational work we investigate an assembly of cyanobacterial photosystem I (PS I) embedded in a metal-organic framework (MOF), namely the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8. This complex has been reported experimentally [Bennett et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2019, 1, 94] but so far the molecular interactions between PS I and the MOF remained elusive. We show via absorption spectroscopy that PS I remains intact throughout the encapsulation-release cycle. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further confirm that the encapsulation has no noticeable structural impact on the photosystem. However, the MOF building blocks frequently coordinate to the Mg2+ ions of chlorophylls in the periphery of the antenna complex. High-level quantum mechanical calculations reveal charge-transfer interactions, which affect the excitonic network and thereby may reversibly change the fluorescence properties of PS I. Nevertheless, our results highlight the stability of PS I in the MOF, as the reaction center remains unimpeded by the heterogeneous environment, paving the way for applications in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Igor Gordiy
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kathrin L Kollmannsberger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Professorship of Dynamic Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Dario Leister
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julien Warnan
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Professorship of Dynamic Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Regina de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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2
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Panter S, Ayekoi A, Tesche J, Chen J, Illarionov B, Bacher A, Fischer M, Weber S. Shining a Spotlight on Methyl Groups: Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Spectroscopy of 5-Deazariboflavin and Its Nor Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:848. [PMID: 38255921 PMCID: PMC10815406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Deazaflavins are analogs of naturally occurring flavin cofactors. They serve as substitutes for natural flavin cofactors to investigate and modify the reaction pathways of flavoproteins. Demethylated 5-deazaflavins are potential candidates for artificial cofactors, allowing us to fine-tune the reaction kinetics and absorption characteristics of flavoproteins. In this contribution, demethylated 5-deazariboflavin radicals are investigated (1) to assess the influence of the methyl groups on the electronic structure of the 5-deazaflavin radical and (2) to explore their photophysical properties with regard to their potential as artificial cofactors. We determined the proton hyperfine structure of demethylated 5-deazariboflavins using photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) spectroscopy, as well as density functional theory (DFT). To provide context, we compare our findings to a study of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) derivatives. We found a significant influence of the methylation pattern on the absorption properties, as well as on the proton hyperfine coupling ratios of the xylene moiety, which appears to be solvent-dependent. This effect is enhanced by the replacement of N5 by C5-H in 5-deazaflavin derivatives compared to their respective flavin counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Panter
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Audrey Ayekoi
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Jannis Tesche
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (B.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Adelbert Bacher
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany;
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (B.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (A.A.)
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3
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Wörner J, Panter S, Illarionov B, Bacher A, Fischer M, Weber S. Expanding Reaction Horizons: Evidence of the 5-Deazaflavin Radical Through Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309334. [PMID: 37571931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Deazaflavins are important analogues of the naturally occurring flavins: riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The use of 5-deazaflavin as a replacement coenzyme in a number of flavoproteins has proven particularly valuable in unraveling and manipulating their reaction mechanisms. It was frequently reported that one-electron-transfer reactions in flavoproteins are impeded with 5-deazaflavin as the cofactor. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the 5-deazaflavin radical is significantly less stable compared to the respective flavin semiquinone and quickly re-oxidizes or undergoes disproportionation. The long-standing paradigm of 5-deazaflavin being solely a two-electron/hydride acceptor/donor-"a nicotinamide in flavin clothing"-needs to be re-evaluated now with the indirect observation of a one-electron-reduced (paramagnetic) species using photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under biologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wörner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Panter
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adelbert Bacher
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Kabir MP, Ouedraogo D, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Gadda G, Gozem S. Alternative Strategy for Spectral Tuning of Flavin-Binding Fluorescent Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1301-1311. [PMID: 36740810 PMCID: PMC9940217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
iLOV is an engineered flavin-binding fluorescent protein (FbFP) with applications for in vivo cellular imaging. To expand the range of applications of FbFPs for multicolor imaging and FRET-based biosensing, it is desirable to understand how to modify their absorption and emission wavelengths (i.e., through spectral tuning). There is particular interest in developing FbFPs that absorb and emit light at longer wavelengths, which has proven challenging thus far. Existing spectral tuning strategies that do not involve chemical modification of the flavin cofactor have focused on placing positively charged amino acids near flavin's C4a and N5 atoms. Guided by previously reported electrostatic spectral tunning maps (ESTMs) of the flavin cofactor and by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations reported in this work, we suggest an alternative strategy: placing a negatively charged amino acid near flavin's N1 atom. We predict that a single-point mutant, iLOV-Q430E, has a slightly red-shifted absorption and fluorescence maximum wavelength relative to iLOV. To validate our theoretical prediction, we experimentally expressed and purified iLOV-Q430E and measured its spectral properties. We found that the Q430E mutation results in a slight change in absorption and a 4-8 nm red shift in the fluorescence relative to iLOV, in good agreement with the computational predictions. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the carboxylate side chain of the glutamate in iLOV-Q430E points away from the flavin cofactor, which leads to a future expectation that further red shifting may be achieved by bringing the side chain closer to the cofactor.
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5
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Bracker M, Kubitz MK, Czekelius C, Marian CM, Kleinschmidt M. Computer‐Aided Design of Fluorinated Flavin Derivatives by Modulation of Intersystem Crossing and Fluorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bracker
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Mira K. Kubitz
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Constantin Czekelius
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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6
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Smolentseva A, Goncharov IM, Yudenko A, Bogorodskiy A, Semenov O, Nazarenko VV, Borshchevskiy V, Fonin AV, Remeeva A, Jaeger KE, Krauss U, Gordeliy V, Gushchin I. Extreme dependence of Chloroflexus aggregans LOV domain thermo- and photostability on the bound flavin species. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1645-1656. [PMID: 34796467 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains are common photosensory modules that found many applications in fluorescence microscopy and optogenetics. Here, we show that the Chloroflexus aggregans LOV domain can bind different flavin species (lumichrome, LC; riboflavin, RF; flavin mononucleotide, FMN; flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD) during heterologous expression and that its physicochemical properties depend strongly on the nature of the bound flavin. We show that whereas the dissociation constants for different chromophores are similar, the melting temperature of the protein reconstituted with single flavin species varies from ~ 60 °C for LC to ~ 81 °C for FMN, and photobleaching half-times vary almost 100-fold. These observations serve as a caution for future studies of LOV domains in non-native conditions yet raise the possibility of fine-tuning various properties of LOV-based fluorescent probes and optogenetic tools by manipulating the chromophore composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Smolentseva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan M Goncharov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anna Yudenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Oleg Semenov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vera V Nazarenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alina Remeeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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7
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Remeeva A, Nazarenko VV, Kovalev K, Goncharov IM, Yudenko A, Astashkin R, Gordeliy V, Gushchin I. Insights into the mechanisms of light-oxygen-voltage domain color tuning from a set of high-resolution X-ray structures. Proteins 2021; 89:1005-1016. [PMID: 33774867 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains are widespread photosensory modules that can be used in fluorescence microscopy, optogenetics and controlled production of reactive oxygen species. All of the currently known LOV domains have absorption maxima in the range of ~440 to ~450 nm, and it is not clear whether they can be shifted significantly using mutations. Here, we have generated a panel of LOV domain variants by mutating the key chromophore-proximal glutamine aminoacid of a thermostable flavin based fluorescent protein CagFbFP (Gln148) to asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, histidine, lysine and arginine. Absorption spectra of all of the mutants are blue-shifted, with the maximal shift of 8 nm observed for the Q148H variant. While CagFbFP and its Q148N/D/E variants are not sensitive to pH, Q148H/K/R reveal a moderate red shift induced byacidic pH. To gain further insight, we determined high resolution crystal structures of all of the mutants studied at the resolutions from 1.07 Å for Q148D to 1.63 Å for Q148R. Whereas in some of the variants, the aminoacid 148 remains in the vicinity of the flavin, in Q148K, Q148R and partially Q148D, the C-terminus of the protein unlatches and the side chain of the residue 148 is reoriented away from the chromophore. Our results explain the absence of color shifts from replacing Gln148 with charged aminoacids and pave the way for rational design of color-shifted flavin based fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Remeeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vera V Nazarenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Kirill Kovalev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan M Goncharov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anna Yudenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Astashkin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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8
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Bracker M, Dinkelbach F, Weingart O, Kleinschmidt M. Impact of fluorination on the photophysics of the flavin chromophore: a quantum chemical perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9912-9923. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00805e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
10-Methylisoalloxazine (MIA) and its fluorinated derivatives (6-9F-MIA) were investigated by means of quantum chemistry, looking into the influence of fluorination on fluorescence, absorption and inter-system crossing (ISC) in vacuum and in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bracker
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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9
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Kabir MP, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Gozem S. Electronic spectra of flavin in different redox and protonation states: a computational perspective on the effect of the electrostatic environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16526-16537. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study discusses how UV/vis absorption spectra of flavin in different redox and protonation states are shifted by the nearby electrostatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
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10
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Meteleshko YI, Nemukhin AV, Khrenova MG. Novel flavin-based fluorescent proteins with red-shifted emission bands: a computational study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 18:177-189. [PMID: 30403258 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The iLOV protein is a promising member of the class of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs). It is becoming a popular tool for bioanalytical applications and bioimaging as a competitor of the well-known green fluorescent protein and its analogues. The main limitation of FbFPs is that all the members have close values of their absorption and emission band maxima. Therefore the upcoming challenge is to introduce novel variants of FbFPs to extend their color palette. We report the results of computational studies of iLOV variants, introducing point mutations and chromophore analogues. We found that point mutations of the apoprotein and substitution of FMN with either 8-amino-FMN or 8-methylamino-FMN lead to the red shift of emission bands up to 100 nm. Substitution with 1-deaza-FMN and the point mutations of the apoprotein result in a set of novel fluorescent proteins with emission bands in the "transparent" window where light readily penetrates through mammalian tissues. Newly suggested FbFPs can be used for multicolor imaging and also as components of FRET pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia I Meteleshko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Nemukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation. and Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Maria G Khrenova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation. and Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Marian CM, Heil A, Kleinschmidt M. The DFT/MRCI method. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Adrian Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
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12
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Ai Y, Zhao C, Xing J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Jin J, Xia S, Cui G, Wang X. Excited-State Decay Pathways of Flavin Molecules in Five Redox Forms: The Role of Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7954-7961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Ai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jinlu Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhangxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jiaren Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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13
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Gregor C, Sidenstein SC, Andresen M, Sahl SJ, Danzl JG, Hell SW. Novel reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins for RESOLFT and STED nanoscopy engineered from the bacterial photoreceptor YtvA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2724. [PMID: 29426833 PMCID: PMC5807511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) commonly used for RESOLFT nanoscopy have been developed from fluorescent proteins of the GFP superfamily. These proteins are bright, but exhibit several drawbacks such as relatively large size, oxygen-dependence, sensitivity to low pH, and limited switching speed. Therefore, RSFPs from other origins with improved properties need to be explored. Here, we report the development of two RSFPs based on the LOV domain of the photoreceptor protein YtvA from Bacillus subtilis. LOV domains obtain their fluorescence by association with the abundant cellular cofactor flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Under illumination with blue and ultraviolet light, they undergo a photocycle, making these proteins inherently photoswitchable. Our first improved variant, rsLOV1, can be used for RESOLFT imaging, whereas rsLOV2 proved useful for STED nanoscopy of living cells with a resolution of down to 50 nm. In addition to their smaller size compared to GFP-related proteins (17 kDa instead of 27 kDa) and their usability at low pH, rsLOV1 and rsLOV2 exhibit faster switching kinetics, switching on and off 3 times faster than rsEGFP2, the fastest-switching RSFP reported to date. Therefore, LOV-domain-based RSFPs have potential for applications where the switching speed of GFP-based proteins is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Gregor
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sven C Sidenstein
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Andresen
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen J Sahl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johann G Danzl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Nakagawa S, Weingart O, Marian CM. Dual Photochemical Reaction Pathway in Flavin-Based Photoreceptor LOV Domain: A Combined Quantum-Mechanics/Molecular-Mechanics Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9583-9596. [PMID: 28926259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary photochemical reaction of the light, oxygen, and voltage (LOV) domain of the blue-light photosensor YtvA of Bacillus subtilis were investigated using high-level QM(DFT/MRCI)/MM methods. After blue-light excitation, the Sγ atom of the reactive cysteine forms a covalent bond with the C4a of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) ring. Two conformations for the side chain of reactive cysteine with occupancies of 70% (conf A) and 30% (conf B) are observed in the X-ray crystallographic structures of the YtvA-LOV ( Möglich , A. ; Moffat , K. J. Mol. Biol. 2007 , 373 , 112 - 126 ). In conf A, the thiol group is directed toward the dimethylbenzene moiety of the FMN ring whereas it is placed directly above the N5 atom of the FMN ring in conf B. Starting from both conformations, the singlet and triplet excited pathways were evaluated. The singlet states excited from conf A decay nonradiatively to the triplet states by intersystem crossing (ISC). After the formation of a neutral biradical, the triplet states cross over to the electronic ground state by a second ISC and the adducts are efficiently formed. The singlet states excited from conf B are located near the S1/S0 conical intersection (CIn). A major fraction returns to the initial states through the CIn. The rest may directly reach the adduct state. Thus, the photoexcitation has a dual reaction pathway. In YtvA-LOV, it is inferred that the efficient triplet excitation from conf A was chosen by bypassing the less efficient singlet excitation from conf B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Nakagawa
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University , Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Chang XP, Gao YJ, Fang WH, Cui G, Thiel W. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study on the Photoreactions of Dark- and Light-Adapted States of a Blue-Light YtvA LOV Photoreceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28632317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dark- and light-adapted states of YtvA LOV domains exhibit distinct excited-state behavior. We have employed high-level QM(MS-CASPT2)/MM calculations to study the photochemical reactions of the dark- and light-adapted states. The photoreaction from the dark-adapted state starts with an S1 →T1 intersystem crossing followed by a triplet-state hydrogen transfer from the thiol to the flavin moiety that produces a diradical intermediate, and a subsequent internal conversion that triggers a barrierless C-S bond formation in the S0 state. The energy profiles for these transformations are different for the four conformers of the dark-adapted state considered. The photochemistry of the light-adapted state does not involve the triplet state: photoexcitation to the S1 state triggers C-S bond cleavage followed by recombination in the S0 state; both these processes are essentially barrierless and thus ultrafast. The present work offers new mechanistic insights into the photoresponse of flavin-containing blue-light photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Chang XP, Gao YJ, Fang WH, Cui G, Thiel W. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study on the Photoreactions of Dark- and Light-Adapted States of a Blue-Light YtvA LOV Photoreceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19 100875 Beijing China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19 100875 Beijing China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19 100875 Beijing China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xin-Jie-Kou Outer St. 19 100875 Beijing China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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17
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Sommer C, Dietz MS, Patschkowski T, Mathes T, Kottke T. Light-Induced Conformational Changes in the Plant Cryptochrome Photolyase Homology Region Resolved by Selective Isotope Labeling and Infrared Spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:881-887. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Sommer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Marina S. Dietz
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Thomas Patschkowski
- Proteome and Metabolome Research (Bio 27); Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Tilo Mathes
- Department of Biology; Experimental Biophysics; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
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18
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Losi A, Gärtner W. Solving Blue Light Riddles: New Lessons from Flavin-binding LOV Photoreceptors. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:141-158. [PMID: 27861974 DOI: 10.1111/php.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Detection of blue light (BL) via flavin-binding photoreceptors (Fl-Blues) has evolved throughout all three domains of life. Although the main BL players, that is light, oxygen and voltage (LOV), blue light sensing using flavins (BLUF) and Cry (cryptochrome) proteins, have been characterized in great detail with respect to structure and function, still several unresolved issues at different levels of complexity remain and novel unexpected findings were reported. Here, we review the most prevailing riddles of LOV-based photoreceptors, for example: the relevance of water and/or small metabolites for the dynamics of the photocycle; molecular details of light-to-signal transduction events; the interplay of BL sensing by LOV domains with other environmental stimuli, such as BL plus oxygen-mediating photodamage and its impact on microbial lifestyles; the importance of the cell or chromophore redox state in determining the fate of BL-driven reactions; the evolutionary pathways of LOV-based BL sensing and associated functions through the diverse phyla. We will discuss major novelties emerged during the last few years on these intriguing aspects of LOV proteins by presenting paradigmatic examples from prokaryotic photosensors that exhibit the largest complexity and richness in associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aba Losi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim, Germany
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19
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Udvarhelyi A, Olivucci M, Domratcheva T. Role of the Molecular Environment in Flavoprotein Color and Redox Tuning: QM Cluster versus QM/MM Modeling. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 11:3878-94. [PMID: 26574469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the origin of the excitation energy shifts induced by the apoprotein in the active site of the bacterial photoreceptor BLUF (Blue Light sensor Using Flavin adenine dinucleotide). In order to compute the vertical excitation energies of three low-lying electronic states, including two π-π* states of flavin (S1 and S2) and a π-π* tyrosine-flavin electron-transfer state (ET), with respect to the energy of the closed-shell ground state (S0), we prepared alternative quantum mechanical (QM) cluster and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models. We found that the excitation energies computed with both types of models correlate with the magnitude of the charge transfer character of the excitation. Accordingly, we conclude that the small charge transfer character of the light absorbing S0-S1 transition and the substantial charge transfer character of the nonabsorbing but redox active S0-ET transition explain the small color changes but substantial redox tuning in BLUF and also in other flavoproteins. Further analysis showed that redox tuning is governed by the electrostatic interaction in the QM/MM model and transfer of charge between the active site and its environment in the QM cluster. Moreover, the wave function polarization of the QM subsystem by the MM subsystem influences the magnitude of the charge transfer, resulting in the QM/MM and QM excitation energies that are not entirely consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Udvarhelyi
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, via A. Moro 2, Universitá di Siena , I-53100 Siena, Italy.,Chemistry Department, Overman Hall, Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, Ohio 67200, United States.,Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg , Batiment 69, 23 Rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tatiana Domratcheva
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Davari MD, Kopka B, Wingen M, Bocola M, Drepper T, Jaeger KE, Schwaneberg U, Krauss U. Photophysics of the LOV-Based Fluorescent Protein Variant iLOV-Q489K Determined by Simulation and Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3344-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi D. Davari
- Lehrstuhl
für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benita Kopka
- Institut
für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marcus Wingen
- Institut
für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Lehrstuhl
für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institut
für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institut
für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1, Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl
für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institut
für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
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21
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Wood AC, Knight DW, Richter G. Rational improvement of the synthesis of 1-deazariboflavin. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Goerigk L, Collyer CA, Reimers JR. Recommending Hartree–Fock Theory with London-Dispersion and Basis-Set-Superposition Corrections for the Optimization or Quantum Refinement of Protein Structures. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14612-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Goerigk
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Charles A. Collyer
- School
of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Reimers
- Centre
for Quantum and Molecular Structure, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School
of Physics and Advanced Materials, The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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23
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Pennacchietti F, Abbruzzetti S, Losi A, Mandalari C, Bedotti R, Viappiani C, Zanacchi FC, Diaspro A, Gärtner W. The dark recovery rate in the photocycle of the bacterial photoreceptor YtvA is affected by the cellular environment and by hydration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107489. [PMID: 25211155 PMCID: PMC4161478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report thermal recovery kinetics of the lit state into the parental dark state, measured for the blue light-sensing photoreceptor YtvA inside overexpressing E. coli and B. subtilis bacterial cells, performed for the wild type and several mutated proteins. Recovery was followed as a recovery of the fluorescence, as this property is only found for the parental but not for the photochemically generated lit state. When cells were deposited onto a microscope glass plate, the observed thermal recovery rate in the photocycle was found ca. ten times faster in comparison to purified YtvA in solution. When the E. coli or B. subtilis colonies were soaked in an isotonic buffer, the dark relaxation became again much slower and was very similar to that observed for YtvA in solution. The observed effects show that rate constants can be tuned by the cellular environment through factors such as hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aba Losi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmen Mandalari
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Bedotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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24
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Gozem S, Mirzakulova E, Schapiro I, Melaccio F, Glusac KD, Olivucci M. A Conical Intersection Controls the Deactivation of the Bacterial Luciferase Fluorophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9870-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Gozem S, Mirzakulova E, Schapiro I, Melaccio F, Glusac KD, Olivucci M. A Conical Intersection Controls the Deactivation of the Bacterial Luciferase Fluorophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Marian CM, Nakagawa S, Rai-Constapel V, Karasulu B, Thiel W. Photophysics of flavin derivatives absorbing in the blue-green region: thioflavins as potential cofactors of photoswitches. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1743-53. [PMID: 24479961 DOI: 10.1021/jp4098233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find flavin derivatives with absorption maxima in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum that might be used as alternative cofactors in blue-light photoreceptors. To this end, the vertical absorption spectra of eight lumiflavin-related compounds were calculated by means of quantum chemical methods. The compounds differ from lumiflavin by the subsitution of an S atom for an O atom at the 2- and/or 4-positions of the isoalloxazine core, the substitution of an N atom for a CH group in the 6- and/or 9-positions, or an extension of the π system at the 7- and 8-positions. For the three most promising compounds, 2-thio-lumiflavin, 4-thio-lumiflavin, and 2,4-dithio-lumiflavin, the quantum chemical investigations were extended to include geometry relaxations in the excited states, rates for spin-forbidden transitions and an estimate of spectral shifts brought about by polar protic environments. We find these thiocarbonyl compounds to have very promising excited-state properties. They absorb in the blue-green wavelength regime around 500 nm, i.e., substantially red-shifted with respect to lumiflavin that is the cofactor of natural blue-light photoreceptors. Their triplet quantum yields are predicted to be close to unity while their triplet lifetimes are long enough to enable bimolecular photochemical reactions. The combination of these properties makes the thioflavins potentially suitable candidates as cofactors in biomimetic photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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