1
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Chiu JZS, Castillo AM, Tucker IG, Radunskaya AE, McDowell A. Modeling the interaction of polymeric nanoparticles functionalized with cell penetrating peptides at the nano-bio interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112626. [PMID: 35724599 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles with Caco-2 monolayers in cell culture underpins our predictions of the uptake of nanoformulations in vivo for drug delivery. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), such as oligoarginine, are currently of interest to enhance cellular uptake of bioactives and nanoparticles. This paper assesses the cellular association of poly(ethyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles functionalized with di-arginine-histidine (RRH) in a Caco-2 cell model. We applied a computational model of particokinetics, In vitro Sedimentation, Diffusion and Dosimetry (ISDD) to predict the accumulation of nanoparticles on the cell surface. An important finding is that the proportion of nanoparticles associated with cells was less than 5 %. This has important implications for interpreting nanoparticle uptake in vitro. RRH-decoration does not appear to alter nanoparticle deposition, but increases association of nanoparticles with Caco-2 cells. Immediate deposition of nanoparticles on the cell surface was apparent and similar between formulations, but underestimated by the ISDD model. Key to understanding the nano-bio interface for drug delivery, nanoparticles that reach the cells were not necessarily absorbed by them, but can become detached. This variable of nanoparticle release from cells was incorporated into a new mathematical model presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Z S Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Ian G Tucker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ami E Radunskaya
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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2
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Fu L, Hua X, Jiang X, Shi J. Multistage Systemic and Cytosolic Protein Delivery for Effective Cancer Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:111-118. [PMID: 34962818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical applications of protein therapy are largely limited to systemically accessible targets in vascular or extracellular areas. Major obstacles to the widespread application of protein therapeutics in cancer treatment include low membrane permeability and endosomal entrapment. Herein, we report a multistage nanoparticle (NP) strategy for systemic and cytosolic protein delivery to tumor cells, by encapsulating a protein conjugate, tetra-guanidinium (TG)-modified saporin, into tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive polymeric NPs. Upon reaching the tumor site after systemic circulation, the polymeric NPs respond rapidly to the acidic tumor microenvironment and release the TG-saporin conjugates, which penetrate the tumor tissue and enter into tumor cells via TG-mediated cytosolic transportation. The TG-saproin NPs showed potent inhibition of lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We expect that this multistage NP delivery strategy with long blood circulation, deep tumor penetration, and efficient cytosolic transport may be applicable to various therapeutic proteins for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Fu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xianwu Hua
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xingya Jiang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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3
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Yu Z, Zhang Z, Yan J, Zhao Z, Ge C, Song Z, Yin L, Tang H. Guanidine-rich helical polypeptides bearing hydrophobic amino acid pendants for efficient gene delivery. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2670-2678. [PMID: 33605949 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors with high transfection efficiency both in vitro and in vivo and low cytotoxicity are highly desirable for clinical applications. Herein, a series of guanidine-rich polypeptides bearing hydrophobic amino acid pendants was efficiently prepared via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azido decorated polypeptide and propargyl functionalized guanidinium and N-acetylamino acids. CD analysis indicated α-helical conformations of all resulting polypeptides in aqueous solution. The guanidine-rich polypeptide/DNA complexes showed significantly enhanced cellular internalization and high cell viability (>90%) in different mammalian cell lines (i.e., HeLa and RAW 264.7) at concentrations of the best performance. The top-performing guanidine-rich polypeptide containing 10% N-acetyl-l-valine pendants outperformed the commercial transfection reagent PEI by 400 times in vitro and 6 times in vivo. This study provides a new guidance for future molecular design of non-viral gene vectors with high delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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4
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Hack FJ, Cokca C, Städter S, Hülsmann J, Peneva K, Fischer D. Indole, Phenyl, and Phenol Groups: The Role of the Comonomer on Gene Delivery in Guanidinium Containing Methacrylamide Terpolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000580. [PMID: 33274813 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report highlights the importance of hydrophobic groups mimicking the side chains of aromatic amino acids, which are tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, in guanidinium bearing poly(methacrylamide)s for the design of non-viral gene delivery agents. Guanidinium containing methacrylamide terpolymers are prepared by aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (aRAFT) polymerization with different hydrophobic monomers, N-(2-indolethyl)methacrylamide (IEMA), N-phenethylmethacrylamide (PhEMA), or N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide (PhOHEMA) by aiming similar contents. The well-defined polymers are obtained with a molar mass of ≈15 000 g mol-1 and ≈1.1 dispersity. All terpolymers demonstrate almost comparable in vitro cell viability and hemocompatibility profiles independent of the type of side chain. Although they all form positively charged, enzymatically stable polyplexes with plasmid DNA smaller than 200 nm, the incorporation of the IEMA monomer improve these parameters by demonstrating a higher DNA binding affinity and forming nanoassemblies of about 100 nm. These physicochemical characteristics are correlated with increased transfection rates in CHO-K1 cells dependent on the type of the monomer and the nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio of the polyplexes, as determined by luciferase reporter gene assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J Hack
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Ceren Cokca
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Sebastian Städter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Juliana Hülsmann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, D-07743, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, D-07743, Germany
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5
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van Oppen LMPE, Pille J, Stuut C, van Stevendaal M, van der Vorm LN, Smeitink JAM, Koopman WJH, Willems PHGM, van Hest JCM, Brock R. Octa-arginine boosts the penetration of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles in 3D cancer models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:175-184. [PMID: 30776413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticles are a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery. As for any type of nanocarrier system, an important challenge remains the ability of deep (tumor) tissue penetration. In this study, ELP particles with controlled surface density of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) octa-arginine (R8) were created by temperature-induced co-assembly. ELPs formed micellar nanoparticles with a diameter of around 60 nm. Cellular uptake in human skin fibroblasts was directly dependent on the surface density of R8 as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Remarkably, next to promoting cellular uptake, the presence of the CPP also enhanced penetration into spheroids generated from human glioblastoma U-87 cells. After 24 h, uptake into cells was observed in multiple layers towards the spheroid core. ELP particles not carrying any CPP did not penetrate. Clearly, a high CPP density exerted a dual benefit on cellular uptake and tissue penetration. At low nanoparticle concentration, there was evidence of a binding site barrier as observed for the penetration of molecules binding with high affinity to cell surface receptors. In conclusion, R8-functionalized ELP nanoparticles form an excellent delivery vehicle that combines tunability of surface characteristics with small and well-defined size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M P E van Oppen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Pille
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Stuut
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Stevendaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa N van der Vorm
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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6
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van Dun S, Schill J, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Mutually Exclusive Cellular Uptake of Combinatorial Supramolecular Copolymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:16445-16451. [PMID: 30155918 PMCID: PMC6282950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of self-assembled biological and synthetic matter results from their multicomponent properties. However, the interplay of the building block composition of self-assembled materials and uptake mechanisms urgently requires addressing. It is shown here that supramolecular polymers that self-assemble in aqueous media, are a modular and controllable platform to modulate cellular delivery by the introduction of small ligands or cationic moieties, with concomitantly different cellular uptake kinetics and valence dependence. A library of supramolecular copolymers revealed stringent mutually exclusive uptake behavior in which either of the uptake pathways dominated, with sharp compositional transition. Supramolecular biomaterial engineering thus provides for adaptive platforms with great potential for efficient tuning of multivalent and multicomponent systems interfacing with biological matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam van Dun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Schill
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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7
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Martin L, Peltier R, Kuroki A, Town JS, Perrier S. Investigating Cell Uptake of Guanidinium-Rich RAFT Polymers: Impact of Comonomer and Monomer Distribution. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3190-3200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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8
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Peltier R, Bialek A, Kuroki A, Bray C, Martin L, Perrier S. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) as a powerful tool to characterise complex water-soluble copolymer architectures. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel analytical method, based on RP-HPLC, for the characterisation of monomer distribution in charged water-soluble copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Agnès Kuroki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Caroline Bray
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Liam Martin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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9
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Moraes J, Peltier R, Gody G, Blum M, Recalcati S, Klok HA, Perrier S. Influence of Block versus Random Monomer Distribution on the Cellular Uptake of Hydrophilic Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1416-1420. [PMID: 35651220 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymers has revolutionized the field of drug delivery in the past two decades. Properties such as polymer size, charge, hydrophilicity, or branching have all been shown to play an important role in the cellular internalization of polymeric systems. In contrast, the fundamental impact of monomer distribution on the resulting biological properties of copolymers remains poorly studied and is always only investigated for biologically active self-assembling polymeric systems. Here, we explore the fundamental influence of monomer distribution on the cellular uptake of nonaggregating and biologically passive copolymers. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to prepare precisely defined copolymers of three hydrophilic acrylamide monomers. The cellular internalization of block copolymers was compared with the uptake of a random copolymer where monomers are statistically distributed along the chain. The results demonstrate that monomer distribution in itself has a negligible impact on copolymer uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Gody
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Recalcati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Direct Correlation Between Zeta Potential and Cellular Uptake of Poly(methacrylic acid) Post‐Modified with Guanidinium Functionalities. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Bartolami E, Bouillon C, Dumy P, Ulrich S. Bioactive clusters promoting cell penetration and nucleic acid complexation for drug and gene delivery applications: from designed to self-assembled and responsive systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4257-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09715k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the (self-)assembly of cationic clusters promoting nucleic acids complexation and cell penetration open the door to applications in drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Bartolami
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Camille Bouillon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
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12
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Fairbanks BD, Gunatillake PA, Meagher L. Biomedical applications of polymers derived by reversible addition - fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:141-52. [PMID: 26050529 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RAFT- mediated polymerization, providing control over polymer length and architecture as well as facilitating post polymerization modification of end groups, has been applied to virtually every facet of biomedical materials research. RAFT polymers have seen particularly extensive use in drug delivery research. Facile generation of functional and telechelic polymers permits straightforward conjugation to many therapeutic compounds while synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers via RAFT allows for the generation of self-assembled structures capable of carrying therapeutic payloads. With the large and growing body of literature employing RAFT polymers as drug delivery aids and vehicles, concern over the potential toxicity of RAFT derived polymers has been raised. While literature exploring this complication is relatively limited, the emerging consensus may be summed up in three parts: toxicity of polymers generated with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents is observed at high concentrations but not with polymers generated with trithiocarbonate RAFT agents; even for polymers generated with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents, most reported applications call for concentrations well below the toxicity threshold; and RAFT end-groups may be easily removed via any of a variety of techniques that leave the polymer with no intrinsic toxicity attributable to the mechanism of polymerization. The low toxicity of RAFT-derived polymers and the ability to remove end groups via straightforward and scalable processes make RAFT technology a valuable tool for practically any application in which a polymer of defined molecular weight and architecture is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Ian Wark Laboratories, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 80309-0596.
| | | | - Laurence Meagher
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Ian Wark Laboratories, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash Institute for Medical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, PO Box 69M, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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13
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Koschek K, Durmaz V, Krylova O, Wieczorek M, Gupta S, Richter M, Bujotzek A, Fischer C, Haag R, Freund C, Weber M, Rademann J. Peptide-polymer ligands for a tandem WW-domain, an adaptive multivalent protein-protein interaction: lessons on the thermodynamic fitness of flexible ligands. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:837-47. [PMID: 26124884 PMCID: PMC4464424 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three polymers, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (pHPMA), hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG), and dextran were investigated as carriers for multivalent ligands targeting the adaptive tandem WW-domain of formin-binding protein (FBP21). Polymer carriers were conjugated with 3–9 copies of the proline-rich decapeptide GPPPRGPPPR-NH2 (P1). Binding of the obtained peptide–polymer conjugates to the tandem WW-domain was investigated employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to determine the binding affinity, the enthalpic and entropic contributions to free binding energy, and the stoichiometry of binding for all peptide–polymer conjugates. Binding affinities of all multivalent ligands were in the µM range, strongly amplified compared to the monovalent ligand P1 with a KD > 1 mM. In addition, concise differences were observed, pHPMA and hPG carriers showed moderate affinity and bound 2.3–2.8 peptides per protein binding site resulting in the formation of aggregates. Dextran-based conjugates displayed affinities down to 1.2 µM, forming complexes with low stoichiometry, and no precipitation. Experimental results were compared with parameters obtained from molecular dynamics simulations in order to understand the observed differences between the three carrier materials. In summary, the more rigid and condensed peptide–polymer conjugates based on the dextran scaffold seem to be superior to induce multivalent binding and to increase affinity, while the more flexible and dendritic polymers, pHPMA and hPG are suitable to induce crosslinking upon binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koschek
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany ; Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Str. 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Vedat Durmaz
- Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin, Numerical Analysis and Modelling, Takustr. 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oxana Krylova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Richter
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Bujotzek
- Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin, Numerical Analysis and Modelling, Takustr. 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Weber
- Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin, Numerical Analysis and Modelling, Takustr. 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy & Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Favretto ME, Krieg A, Schubert S, Schubert US, Brock R. Multifunctional poly(methacrylate) polyplex libraries: A platform for gene delivery inspired by nature. J Control Release 2015; 209:1-11. [PMID: 25862514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based gene delivery systems have enormous potential in biomedicine, but their efficiency is often limited by poor biocompatibility. Poly(methacrylate)s (PMAs) are an interesting class of polymers which allow to explore structure-activity relationships of polymer functionalities for polyplex formation in oligonucleotide delivery. Here, we synthesized and tested a library of PMA polymers, containing functional groups contributing to the different steps of gene delivery, from oligonucleotide complexation to cellular internalization and endosomal escape. By variation of the molar ratios of the individual building blocks, the physicochemical properties of the polymers and polyplexes were fine-tuned to reduce toxicity as well as to increase activity of the polyplexes. To further enhance transfection efficiency, a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-like functionality was introduced on the polymeric backbone. With the ability to synthesize large libraries of polymers in parallel we also developed a workflow for a mid-to-high throughput screening, focusing first on safety parameters that are accessible by high-throughput approaches such as blood compatibility and toxicity towards host cells and only at a later stage on more laborious tests for the ability to deliver oligonucleotides. To arrive at a better understanding of the molecular basis of activity, furthermore, the effect of the presence of heparan sulfates on the surface of host cells was assessed and the mechanism of cell entry and intracellular trafficking investigated for those polymers that showed a suitable pharmacological profile. Following endocytic uptake, rapid endosomal release occurred. Interestingly, the presence of heparan sulfates on the cell surface had a negative impact on the activity of those polyplexes that were sensitive to decomplexation by heparin in solution. In summary, the screening approach identified two polymers, which form polyplexes with high stability and transfection capacity exceeding the one of poly(ethylene imine) also in the presence of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Favretto
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Krieg
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - S Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - U S Schubert
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - R Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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15
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Multivalent presentation of the cell-penetrating peptide nona-arginine on a linear scaffold strongly increases its membrane-perturbing capacity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:3097-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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