1
|
Velma G, Krider IS, Alves ETM, Courey JM, Laham MS, Thatcher GRJ. Channeling Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to Address Life and Death. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5999-6026. [PMID: 38580317 PMCID: PMC11056997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in NAD+ biosynthesis via salvage of NAM formed from catabolism of NAD+ by proteins with NADase activity (e.g., PARPs, SIRTs, CD38). Depletion of NAD+ in aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders is addressed by NAD+ supplementation. Conversely, NAMPT inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapy: many discovered by phenotypic screening for cancer cell death have low nanomolar potency in cellular models. No NAMPT inhibitor is yet FDA-approved. The ability of inhibitors to act as NAMPT substrates may be associated with efficacy and toxicity. Some 3-pyridyl inhibitors become 4-pyridyl activators or "NAD+ boosters". NAMPT positive allosteric modulators (N-PAMs) and boosters may increase enzyme activity by relieving substrate/product inhibition. Binding to a "rear channel" extending from the NAMPT active site is key for inhibitors, boosters, and N-PAMs. A deeper understanding may fulfill the potential of NAMPT ligands to regulate cellular life and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga
Reddy Velma
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Isabella S. Krider
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Erick T. M. Alves
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jenna M. Courey
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Megan S. Laham
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen F, Gui G, Wang X, Ye L, Qin A, Zhou C, Zha X. Drug discovery targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT): Updated progress and perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117595. [PMID: 38244254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) salvage pathway, primarily catalyzing the synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide (NAM), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Metabolic diseases, aging-related diseases, inflammation, and cancers can lead to abnormal expression levels of NAMPT due to the pivotal role of NAD+ in redox metabolism, aging, the immune system, and DNA repair. In addition, NAMPT can be secreted by cells as a cytokine that binds to cell membrane receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, NAMPT is able to reduce therapeutic efficacy by enhancing acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, a few novel activators and inhibitors of NAMPT for neuroprotection and anti-tumor have been reported, respectively. However, NAMPT activators are still in preclinical studies, and only five NAMPT inhibitors have entered the clinical stage, unfortunately, three of which were terminated or withdrawn due to safety concerns. Novel drug design strategies such as proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and dual-targeted inhibitors also provide new directions for the development of NAMPT inhibitors. In this perspective, we mainly discuss the structure, biological function, and role of NAMPT in diseases and the currently discovered activators and inhibitors. It is our hope that this work will provide some guidance for the future design and optimization of NAMPT activators and inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gang Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Anqi Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conforti I, Benzi A, Caffa I, Bruzzone S, Nencioni A, Marra A. Iminosugar-Based Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Inhibitors as Potential Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051472. [PMID: 37242714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is considered a very promising therapeutic target because it is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. Although many inhibitors have been prepared and tested, clinical trials have shown that NAMPT inhibition may result in severe haematological toxicity. Therefore, the development of conceptually new inhibitors is an important and challenging task. We synthesized ten β-d-iminoribofuranosides bearing various heterocycle-based chains carbon-linked to the anomeric position starting from non-carbohydrate derivatives. They were then submitted to NAMPT inhibition assays, as well as to pancreatic tumor cells viability and intracellular NAD+ depletion evaluation. The biological activity of the compounds was compared to that of the corresponding analogues lacking the carbohydrate unit to assess, for the first time, the contribution of the iminosugar moiety to the properties of these potential antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Conforti
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247), Université de Montpellier, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale-DIMES, Scuola di Scienze Mediche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche-DIMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale-DIMES, Scuola di Scienze Mediche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche-DIMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247), Université de Montpellier, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fratta S, Biniecka P, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Carmona AT, Nahimana A, Duchosal MA, Piacente F, Bruzzone S, Caffa I, Nencioni A, Robina I. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of new nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors with antitumor activity on solid and haematological cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115170. [PMID: 36787658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly dependent on Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) activity for proliferation, therefore NAMPT represents an interesting target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Several compounds, such as FK866 and CHS828, were identified as potent NAMPT inhibitors with strong anti-cancer activity, although none of them reached the late stages of clinical trials. We present herein the preparation of three libraries of new inhibitors containing (pyridin-3-yl)triazole, (pyridin-3-yl)thiourea and (pyridin-3/4-yl)cyanoguanidine as cap/connecting unit and a furyl group at the tail position of the compound. Antiproliferative activity in vitro was evaluated on a panel of solid and haematological cancer cell lines and most of the synthesized compounds showed nanomolar or sub-nanomolar cytotoxic activity in MiaPaCa-2 (pancreatic cancer), ML2 (acute myeloid leukemia), JRKT (acute lymphobalistic leukemia), NMLW (Burkitt lymphoma), RPMI8226 (multiple myeloma) and NB4 (acute myeloid leukemia), with lower IC50 values than those reported for FK866. Notably, compounds 35a, 39a and 47 showed cytotoxic activity against ML2 with IC50 = 18, 46 and 49 pM, and IC50 towards MiaPaCa-2 of 0.005, 0.455 and 2.81 nM, respectively. Moreover, their role on the NAD+ synthetic pathway was demonstrated by the NAMPT inhibition assay. Finally, the intracellular NAD+ depletion was confirmed in vitro to induced ROS accumulation that cause a time-dependent mitochondrial membrane depolarization, leading to ATP loss and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fratta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Paulina Biniecka
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Hematology, Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ratia KM, Shen Z, Gordon-Blake J, Lee H, Laham MS, Krider IS, Christie N, Ackerman-Berrier M, Penton C, Knowles NG, Musku SR, Fu J, Velma GR, Xiong R, Thatcher GRJ. Mechanism of Allosteric Modulation of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase to Elevate Cellular NAD . Biochemistry 2023; 62:923-933. [PMID: 36746631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In aging and disease, cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is depleted by catabolism to nicotinamide (NAM). NAD+ supplementation is being pursued to enhance human healthspan and lifespan. Activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting step in NAD+ biosynthesis, has the potential to increase the salvage of NAM. Novel NAMPT-positive allosteric modulators (N-PAMs) were discovered in addition to the demonstration of NAMPT activation by biogenic phenols. The mechanism of activation was revealed through the synthesis of novel chemical probes, new NAMPT co-crystal structures, and enzyme kinetics. Binding to a rear channel in NAMPT regulates NAM binding and turnover, with biochemical observations being replicated by NAD+ measurements in human cells. The mechanism of action of N-PAMs identifies, for the first time, the role of the rear channel in the regulation of NAMPT turnover coupled to productive and nonproductive NAM binding. The tight regulation of cellular NAMPT via feedback inhibition by NAM, NAD+, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is differentially regulated by N-PAMs and other activators, indicating that different classes of pharmacological activators may be engineered to restore or enhance NAD+ levels in affected tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiira M Ratia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jesse Gordon-Blake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Megan S Laham
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colleges of Science and Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Isabella S Krider
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colleges of Science and Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas Christie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colleges of Science and Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Martha Ackerman-Berrier
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Penton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Natalie G Knowles
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Soumya Reddy Musku
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ganga Reddy Velma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Colleges of Science and Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang S, Garzon Sanz M, Smith O, Krämer A, Egbase D, Caton PW, Knapp S, Butterworth S. Chemistry-led investigations into the mode of action of NAMPT activators, resulting in the discovery of non-pyridyl class NAMPT activators. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:709-721. [PMID: 36873168 PMCID: PMC9978853 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+ levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy aging. Recently, several classes of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) activators have been shown to increase NAD+ levels in vitro and in vivo and to demonstrate beneficial effects in animal models. The best validated of these compounds are structurally related to known urea-type NAMPT inhibitors, however the basis for the switch from inhibitory activity to activation is not well understood. Here we report an evaluation of the structure activity relationships of NAMPT activators by designing, synthesising and testing compounds from other NAMPT ligand chemotypes and mimetics of putative phosphoribosylated adducts of known activators. The results of these studies led us to hypothesise that these activators act via a through-water interaction in the NAMPT active site, resulting in the design of the first known urea-class NAMPT activator that does not utilise a pyridine-like warhead, which shows similar or greater activity as a NAMPT activator in biochemical and cellular assays relative to known analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Tang
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Miguel Garzon Sanz
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oliver Smith
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Egbase
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paul W Caton
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bi K, Cheng J, He S, Fang Y, Huang M, Sheng C, Dong G. Discovery of Highly Potent Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Degraders for Efficient Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1048-1062. [PMID: 36563407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is identified as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, known NAMPT inhibitors are characterized by weak clinical efficacy and dose-dependent toxicity. There is an urgent need to develop new NAMPT intervention strategies. Using the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, we designed and synthesized a series of new von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting NAMPT-targeting PROTACs. A highly potent NAMPT degrader (B3) was successfully identified, which displayed excellent degradation activity (DC50 < 0.17 nM, Dmax > 90%) and antiproliferative potency against A2780 cells (IC50 = 1.5 nM). PROTAC B3 induced NAMPT depletion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Particularly, PROTAC B3 achieved good plasma exposure levels via intravenous injection, gained potent tumor growth inhibition (TGI = 88.1%, 2 μM/kg) in the xenograft model, and demonstrated good biosafety without undesired toxicities. This study provides a highly potent VHL-recruiting NAMPT degrader for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junfei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Small dataset solves big problem: An outlier-insensitive binary classifier for inhibitory potency prediction. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2022.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
Dou H, Tan J, Wei H, Wang F, Yang J, Ma XG, Wang J, Zhou T. Transfer inhibitory potency prediction to binary classification: A model only needs a small training set. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 215:106633. [PMID: 35091229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the most laborious for drug discovery is to select compounds from a library for experimental evaluation. Hence, we propose a machine learning model only needs to be trained on a small dataset to predict the inhibition constant (Ki) and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for a compound. We transfer the prediction task to a simpler binary classification task based on a naive but effective idea that we only need the related rank of a compound to determine whether to take it for further examination. To achieve this, we design a data augmentation strategy to effectively leverage the relationship between the compounds in the training set. After that, we formulate a new reward function for deep reinforcement learning to balance the feature selection and the accuracy. We employ a particle swarm optimized support vector machine for the binary classification task. Finally, a soft voting mechanism is introduced to solve the contradiction from the binary classification. Sufficient experiments show that our model achieves high and reliable accuracy, and is capable of ranking compounds based on a selected set of molecular descriptors. The current results show that our model provides a potential ligand-based in silico approach for prioritizing chemicals for experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Dou
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jie Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Huiling Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (Shantou University), Ministry of Education, Shantou, China
| | - Jinzhu Yang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - X-G Ma
- Foshan Graduate School, Northeastern University, Foshan, China; The State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (Shantou University), Ministry of Education, Shantou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Curry A, White D, Cen Y. Small Molecule Regulators Targeting NAD + Biosynthetic Enzymes. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:1718-1738. [PMID: 34060996 PMCID: PMC8630097 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210531144629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a key player in many metabolic pathways as an activated carrier of electrons. In addition to being the cofactor for redox reactions, NAD+ also serves as the substrate for various enzymatic transformations such as adenylation and ADP-ribosylation. Maintaining cellular NAD+ homeostasis has been suggested as an effective anti-aging strategy. Given the importance of NAD+ in regulating a broad spectrum of cellular events, small molecules targeting NAD+ metabolism have been pursued as therapeutic interventions for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and agerelated diseases. In this article, small molecule regulators of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes will be reviewed. The focus will be given to the discovery and development of these molecules, the mechanism of action as well as their therapeutic potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Dawanna White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Tel: 804-828-7405;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinkerton AB, Sessions EH, Hershberger P, Maloney PR, Peddibhotla S, Hopf M, Sergienko E, Ma CT, Smith LH, Jackson MR, Tanaka J, Tsuji T, Akiu M, Cohen SE, Nakamura T, Gardell SJ. Optimization of a urea-containing series of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:128007. [PMID: 33798699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ is a crucial cellular factor that plays multifaceted roles in wide ranging biological processes. Low levels of NAD+ have been linked to numerous diseases including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and muscle wasting disorders. A novel strategy to boost NAD+ is to activate nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the putative rate-limiting step in the NAD+ salvage pathway. We previously showed that NAMPT activators increase NAD+ levels in vitro and in vivo. Herein we describe the optimization of our NAMPT activator prototype (SBI-0797812) leading to the identification of 1-(4-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(oxazol-5-ylmethyl)urea (34) that showed far more potent NAMPT activation and improved oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - E Hampton Sessions
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul Hershberger
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Patrick R Maloney
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meghan Hopf
- Translational Research Institute. AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Ma
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Layton H Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael R Jackson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun Tanaka
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Mayuko Akiu
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Steven E Cohen
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Global Business Development, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakamura
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Stephen J Gardell
- Translational Research Institute. AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dual nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113022. [PMID: 33239261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget drugs have emerged as a promising treatment modality in modern anticancer therapy. Taking advantage of the synergy of NAMPT and EGFR inhibition, we have developed the first compounds that serve as dual inhibitors of NAMPT and EGFR. On the basis of CHS828 and erlotinib, a series of hybrid molecules were successfully designed and synthesized by merging of the pharmacophores. Among the compounds that were synthesized, compound 28 showed good NAMPT and EGFR inhibition, and excellent in vitro anti-proliferative activity. Compound 28, which is a new chemotype devoid of a Michael receptor, strongly inhibited the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, including H1975 non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring the EGFRL858R/T790M mutation. More importantly, it imparted significant in vivo antitumor efficacy in a human NSCLC (H1975) xenograft nude mouse model. This study provides promising leads for the development of novel antitumor agents and valuable pharmacological probes for the assessment of dual inhibition in NAMPT and EGFR pathway with a single inhibitor.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanuma SI, Katsuragi K, Oyama T, Yoshimori A, Shibasaki Y, Asawa Y, Yamazaki H, Makino K, Okazawa M, Ogino Y, Sakamoto Y, Nomura M, Sato A, Abe H, Nakamura H, Takahashi H, Tanuma N, Uchiumi F. Structural Basis of Beneficial Design for Effective Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163633. [PMID: 32785052 PMCID: PMC7464552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for targeting cancer metabolism. So far, many potent NAMPT inhibitors have been developed and shown to bind to two unique tunnel-shaped cavities existing adjacent to each active site of a NAMPT homodimer. However, cytotoxicities and resistances to NAMPT inhibitors have become apparent. Therefore, there remains an urgent need to develop effective and safe NAMPT inhibitors. Thus, we designed and synthesized two close structural analogues of NAMPT inhibitors, azaindole-piperidine (3a)- and azaindole-piperazine (3b)-motif compounds, which were modified from the well-known NAMPT inhibitor FK866 (1). Notably, 3a displayed considerably stronger enzyme inhibitory activity and cellular potency than did 3b and 1. The main reason for this phenomenon was revealed to be due to apparent electronic repulsion between the replaced nitrogen atom (N1) of piperazine in 3b and the Nδ atom of His191 in NAMPT by our in silico binding mode analyses. Indeed, 3b had a lower binding affinity score than did 3a and 1, although these inhibitors took similar stable chair conformations in the tunnel region. Taken together, these observations indicate that the electrostatic enthalpy potential rather than entropy effects inside the tunnel cavity has a significant impact on the different binding affinity of 3a from that of 3b in the disparate enzymatic and cellular potencies. Thus, it is better to avoid or minimize interactions with His191 in designing further effective NAMPT inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-ichi Tanuma
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.O.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kiyotaka Katsuragi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan; (T.O.); (H.Y.); (H.A.)
| | - Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan;
| | - Yuri Shibasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Yasunobu Asawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (Y.A.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroaki Yamazaki
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan; (T.O.); (H.Y.); (H.A.)
| | - Kosho Makino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Miwa Okazawa
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
| | - Yoko Ogino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.O.); (A.S.)
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
| | - Yoshimi Sakamoto
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Miyuki Nomura
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (Y.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Hideaki Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan; (T.O.); (H.Y.); (H.A.)
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (Y.A.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (K.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Nobuhiro Tanuma
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galli U, Colombo G, Travelli C, Tron GC, Genazzani AA, Grolla AA. Recent Advances in NAMPT Inhibitors: A Novel Immunotherapic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:656. [PMID: 32477131 PMCID: PMC7235340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor of many enzymatic reactions as well as being a substrate for a number of NAD-consuming enzymes (e.g., PARPS, sirtuins, etc). NAD can be synthesized de novo starting from tryptophan, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside from the diet. On the other hand, the nicotinamide that is liberated by NAD-consuming enzymes can be salvaged to re-form NAD. In this former instance, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the bottleneck enzyme. In the many cells in which the salvage pathway is predominant, NAMPT, therefore, represents an important controller of intracellular NAD concentrations, and as a consequence of energy metabolism. It is, therefore, not surprising that NAMPT is over expressed by tumoral cells, which take advantage from this to sustain growth rate and tumor progression. This has led to the initiation of numerous medicinal chemistry programs to develop NAMPT inhibitors in the context of oncology. More recently, however, it has been shown that NAMPT inhibitors do not solely target the tumor but also have an effect on the immune system. To add complexity, this enzyme can also be secreted by cells, and in the extracellular space it acts as a cytokine mainly through the activation of Toll like Receptor 4 (TLR4), although it has not been clarified yet if this is the only receptor responsible for its actions. While specific small molecules have been developed only against the intracellular form of NAMPT, growing evidences sustain the possibility to target the extracellular form. In this contribution, the most recent evidences on the medicinal chemistry of NAMPT will be reviewed, together with the key elements that sustain the hypothesis of NAMPT targeting and the drawbacks so far encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ambra A Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Palacios DS, Meredith EL, Kawanami T, Adams CM, Chen X, Darsigny V, Palermo M, Baird D, George EL, Guy C, Hewett J, Tierney L, Thigale S, Wang L, Weihofen WA. Scaffold Morphing Identifies 3-Pyridyl Azetidine Ureas as Inhibitors of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1524-1529. [PMID: 31749905 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that inhibit the metabolic enzyme NAMPT have emerged as potential therapeutics in oncology. As part of our effort in this area, we took a scaffold morphing approach and identified 3-pyridyl azetidine ureas as a potent NAMPT inhibiting motif. We explored the SAR of this series, including 5 and 6 amino pyridines, using a convergent synthetic strategy. This lead optimization campaign yielded multiple compounds with excellent in vitro potency and good ADME properties that culminated in compound 27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Palacios
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erik L. Meredith
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Toshio Kawanami
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M. Adams
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Veronique Darsigny
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Palermo
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Baird
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. George
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chantale Guy
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hewett
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laryssa Tierney
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sachin Thigale
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Louis Wang
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wilhelm A. Weihofen
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Travelli C, Aprile S, Mattoteia D, Colombo G, Clemente N, Scanziani E, Terrazzino S, Alisi MA, Polenzani L, Grosa G, Genazzani AA, Tron GC, Galli U. Identification of potent triazolylpyridine nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors bearing a 1,2,3-triazole tail group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111576. [PMID: 31400709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is both a key intracellular enzyme for NAD biosynthesis (iNAMPT) and an extracellular cytokine (eNAMPT). The relationship between this latter role and the catalytic activity of the enzyme is at present unknown. With the intent of discovering inhibitors specifically able to target eNAMPT, we increased the polarity of MV78 (EC50 = 5.8 nM; IC50 = 3.1 nM), a NAMPT inhibitor previously discovered by us. The replacement of a phenyl ring with a 1,2,3-triazole bearing a protonable N,N-dialkyl methanamine group gave a series of molecules which maintained the inhibition of the enzymatic activity but were unable to cross the plasma membrane and affect cell viability in vitro. Compounds 30b and 30f can therefore be considered as the first experimental/pharmacological tools for scientists that wish to understand the role of the catalytic activity of eNAMPT. Serendipitously, we also discovered a compound (25) which, notwithstanding its high polarity, was able to cross the plasma membrane being cytotoxic, a potent NAMPT inhibitor and effective in reducing growth of triple negative mammary carcinoma in mice. In our hands, 25 lacked retinal and cardiac toxicity, although we observed a lesser toxicity of NAMPT inhibitors in general compared to other reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Daiana Mattoteia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute and IRCAD, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione Università degli Studi di Milano, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Alisi
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A, Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polenzani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A, Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boosting NAD + with a small molecule that activates NAMPT. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3241. [PMID: 31324777 PMCID: PMC6642140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological strategies that boost intracellular NAD+ are highly coveted for their therapeutic potential. One approach is activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to increase production of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the predominant NAD+ precursor in mammalian cells. A high-throughput screen for NAMPT activators and hit-to-lead campaign yielded SBI-797812, a compound that is structurally similar to active-site directed NAMPT inhibitors and blocks binding of these inhibitors to NAMPT. SBI-797812 shifts the NAMPT reaction equilibrium towards NMN formation, increases NAMPT affinity for ATP, stabilizes phosphorylated NAMPT at His247, promotes consumption of the pyrophosphate by-product, and blunts feedback inhibition by NAD+. These effects of SBI-797812 turn NAMPT into a “super catalyst” that more efficiently generates NMN. Treatment of cultured cells with SBI-797812 increases intracellular NMN and NAD+. Dosing of mice with SBI-797812 elevates liver NAD+. Small molecule NAMPT activators such as SBI-797812 are a pioneering approach to raise intracellular NAD+ and realize its associated salutary effects. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate determining step for NAD+ synthesis and is of interest as a drug target. Here the authors identify and characterize a small molecule NAMPT activator SBI-797812, elucidate its mode of action and show that it increases intracellular NMN and NAD+ levels in cultured cells and elevates liver NAD+ in mice.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ogino Y, Sato A, Uchiumi F, Tanuma SI. Genomic and tumor biological aspects of the anticancer nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor FK866 in resistant human colorectal cancer cells. Genomics 2018; 111:1889-1895. [PMID: 30582964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells' resistance to drugs remains an important problem affecting cancer treatment strategies. We previously studied the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor FK866's resistance mechanisms in the human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. We established an acquired FK866-resistant cell line, HCT116RFK866. In this study, we investigated gene mutations in parental HCT116 and HCT116RFK866 cells using exome sequencing technology. The results indicated cluster genes related to NAD+ biosynthesis (including NAMPT), DNA repair, and ATP-binding cassette transporters were differentially altered in these cells. Interestingly, HCT116RFK866 cells, which are resistant to other class NAMPT inhibitors, were more sensitive to the anticancer 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin and γ-ray irradiation compared to parental HCT116 cells. This higher sensitivity appears to cause a genetic change in the identified gene clusters by resistance to the NAMPT inhibitor FK866. Collectively, these novel findings provide a better understanding of anticancer candidate NAMPT inhibitors with regard to resistance mechanisms and cancer chemotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ogino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Misner DL, Kauss MA, Singh J, Uppal H, Bruening-Wright A, Liederer BM, Lin T, McCray B, La N, Nguyen T, Sampath D, Dragovich PS, O'Brien T, Zabka TS. Cardiotoxicity Associated with Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitors in Rodents and in Rat and Human-Derived Cells Lines. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:307-318. [PMID: 27783203 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein that functions as an enzyme, cytokine, growth factor and hormone. As a target for oncology, NAMPT is particularly attractive, because it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the salvage pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a universal energy- and signal-carrying molecule involved in cellular energy metabolism and many homeostatic functions. Inhibition of NAMPT generally results in NAD depletion, followed by ATP reduction and loss of cell viability. Herein, we describe NAMPT inhibitor (NAMPTi)-induced cardiac toxicity in rodents following short-term administration (2-7 days) of NAMPTi's. The cardiac toxicity was interpreted as a functional effect leading to congestive heart failure, characterized by sudden death, thoracic and abdominal effusion, and myocardial degeneration. Based on exposures in the initial in vivo safety rodent studies and cardiotoxicity observed, we conducted studies in rat and human in vitro cardiomyocyte cell systems. Based on those results, combined with human cell line potency data, we demonstrated the toxicity is both on-target and likely human relevant. This toxicity was mitigated in vitro by co-administration of nicotinic acid (NA), which can enable NAD production through the NAMPT-independent pathway; however, this resulted in only partial mitigation in in vivo studies. This work also highlights the usefulness and predictivity of in vitro cardiomyocyte assays using human cells to rank-order compounds against potency in cell-based pharmacology assays. Lastly, this work strengthens the correlation between cardiomyocyte cell viability and functionality, suggesting that these assays together may enable early assessment of cardiotoxicity in vitro prior to conduct of in vivo studies and potentially reduce subsequent attrition due to cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Misner
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - M A Kauss
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - J Singh
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - H Uppal
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - B M Liederer
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T Lin
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - B McCray
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - N La
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T Nguyen
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - D Sampath
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - P S Dragovich
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T O'Brien
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - T S Zabka
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, M/S 59, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cross resistance to diverse anticancer nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors induced by FK866 treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16451-16461. [PMID: 29662658 PMCID: PMC5893253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-resistance to drugs remains an unsolved problem in cancer chemotherapy. This study elucidates a molecular mechanism of cross-resistance to diverse inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with anticancer activity. We generated a variant of the human colon cancer cell line HCT116, HCT116RFK866, which exhibited primary resistance to the potent NAMPT inhibitor FK866, and was approximately 1,000-fold less sensitive to the drug than the parental HCT116. HCT116RFK866 was found to be cross-resistant to diverse NAMPT inhibitors, including CHS-828, GNE-617, and STF-118804. Whole-exon sequencing revealed two point mutations (H191R and K342R) in NAMPT in HCT116RFK866, only one of which (K342R) was present in the parental HCT116. Importantly, the protein level, NAMPT enzyme activity, and intracellular NAD+ level were similar between HCT116RFK866 and HCT116. Hence, we investigated NAMPT-binding partners in both cell lines by focused proteomic analyses. The amount of NAMPT precipitated with anti-NAMPT monoclonal antibody was much higher in HCT116RFK866 than in the parental. Furthermore, in HCT116, but not in HCT116RFK866, NAMPT was revealed to interact with POTE ankyrin domain family member E and beta-actin. Thus, these results suggest that NAMPT usually interacts with the two partner proteins, and the H191R mutation may prevent the interactions, resulting in resistance to diverse NAMPT inhibitors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Buonvicino D, Mazzola F, Zamporlini F, Resta F, Ranieri G, Camaioni E, Muzzi M, Zecchi R, Pieraccini G, Dölle C, Calamante M, Bartolucci G, Ziegler M, Stecca B, Raffaelli N, Chiarugi A. Identification of the Nicotinamide Salvage Pathway as a New Toxification Route for Antimetabolites. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:471-482.e7. [PMID: 29478906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolome is gaining great momentum because of its therapeutic potential in different human disorders. Suppression of nicotinamide salvage by nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) inhibitors, however, gave inconclusive results in neoplastic patients because several metabolic routes circumvent the enzymatic block converging directly on nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs) for NAD synthesis. Unfortunately, NMNAT inhibitors have not been identified. Here, we report the identification of Vacor as a substrate metabolized by the consecutive action of NAMPT and NMNAT2 into the NAD analog Vacor adenine dinucleotide (VAD). This leads to inhibition of both enzymes, as well as NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, thereby causing unprecedented rapid NAD depletion, glycolytic block, energy failure, and necrotic death of NMNAT2-proficient cancer cells. Conversely, lack of NMNAT2 expression confers complete resistance to Vacor. Remarkably, Vacor prompts VAD formation and growth suppression in NMNAT2-positive neuroblastoma and melanoma xenografts. Our data show the first evidence of harnessing the entire nicotinamide salvage pathway for antimetabolic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Federica Zamporlini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zecchi
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (CISM), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Christian Dölle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Calamante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory-Istituto Toscano Tumori, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Crystal structure-based comparison of two NAMPT inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:294-301. [PMID: 28858298 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a novel strategy for cancer therapy, but only two inhibitors of NAMPT (FK866 and CHS828) have progressed into clinical trials. This study seeks to compare a novel potent NAMPT inhibitor, MS0, with a classical inhibitor FK866 in their biological activity and molecular binding mode, thereby contributing to future chemical optimization and a further understanding of the action mode of NAMPT inhibitors. The IC50 values of MS0 and FK866 in inhibition of recombinant human NAMPT activity were 9.08±0.90 and 1.60±0.32 nmol/L, respectively. Consistently, FK866 exerted better antiproliferation in 6 human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A2780, 95-D, A549, U2OS and U266) than MS0 with IC50 values nearly 12-fold to 225-fold lower than those of MS0. Co-crystal structures of wild-type human NAMPT complexed with MS0 or FK866 were elucidated, which revealed that MS0 did not interact with Ser241. The hydrogen bond mediated by crystallographic water between MS0 and His191 or Val350 of NAMPT did not exist in FK866. Instead, FK866 exhibited hydrophobic interactions with Arg349. Based on the activity assays and crystal structure analyses, we elaborate the reason why the antiproliferation activity of MS0 was not as good as that of FK866, which would contributes to the current understanding of the mode of action of NAMPT inhibitors and will also contribute to further development of anticancer drugs in the future.
Collapse
|
23
|
Palacios DS, Meredith E, Kawanami T, Adams C, Chen X, Darsigny V, Geno E, Palermo M, Baird D, Boynton G, Busby SA, George EL, Guy C, Hewett J, Tierney L, Thigale S, Weihofen W, Wang L, White N, Yin M, Argikar UA. Structure based design of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors from a phenotypic screen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:365-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
SAR and characterization of non-substrate isoindoline urea inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3317-3325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Guo J, Lam LT, Longenecker KL, Bui MH, Idler KB, Glaser KB, Wilsbacher JL, Tse C, Pappano WN, Huang TH. Identification of novel resistance mechanisms to NAMPT inhibition via the de novo NAD + biosynthesis pathway and NAMPT mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:681-686. [PMID: 28756225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have an unusually high requirement for the central and intermediary metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and NAD+ depletion ultimately results in cell death. The rate limiting step within the NAD+ salvage pathway required for converting nicotinamide to NAD+ is catalyzed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Targeting NAMPT has been investigated as an anti-cancer strategy, and several highly selective small molecule inhibitors have been found to potently inhibit NAMPT in cancer cells, resulting in NAD+ depletion and cytotoxicity. To identify mechanisms that could cause resistance to NAMPT inhibitor treatment, we generated a human fibrosarcoma cell line refractory to the highly potent and selective NAMPT small molecule inhibitor, GMX1778. We uncovered novel and unexpected mechanisms of resistance including significantly increased expression of quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), a key enzyme in the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway. Additionally, exome sequencing of the NAMPT gene in the resistant cells identified a single heterozygous point mutation that was not present in the parental cell line. The combination of upregulation of the NAD+ de novo synthesis pathway through QPRT over-expression and NAMPT mutation confers resistance to GMX1778, but the cells are only partially resistant to next-generation NAMPT inhibitors. The resistance mechanisms uncovered herein provide a potential avenue to continue exploration of next generation NAMPT inhibitors to treat neoplasms in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Lloyd T Lam
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | | | - Mai H Bui
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth B Idler
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Keith B Glaser
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Julie L Wilsbacher
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Chris Tse
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - William N Pappano
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Szefler B, Czeleń P. Potential inhibitory effect of indolizine derivatives on the two enzymes: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and beta lactamase, a molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2017. [PMID: 28634829 PMCID: PMC5487893 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferases (NAMPT) are enzymes that play a role in targeting cancer metabolism, while beta lactamases are involved in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Many protein inhibitors exhibit such property which is often correlated with their cellular potency. In order to understand such a phenomenon, the present article conducts an analysis of the dynamic behavior of complexes formed by the inhibitors, that is indolizine derivatives, with the studied enzymes. Both docking and molecular dynamics led to identification of their interactions and showed the mechanism of inhibition of the two studied enzymes. The differences in the behavior of ligand at the active sites of beta lactamases and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferases are indicated by structural and enthalpy values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Szefler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Czeleń
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wilsbacher JL, Cheng M, Cheng D, Trammell SAJ, Shi Y, Guo J, Koeniger SL, Kovar PJ, He Y, Selvaraju S, Heyman HR, Sorensen BK, Clark RF, Hansen TM, Longenecker KL, Raich D, Korepanova AV, Cepa S, Towne DL, Abraham VC, Tang H, Richardson PL, McLoughlin SM, Badagnani I, Curtin ML, Michaelides MR, Maag D, Buchanan FG, Chiang GG, Gao W, Rosenberg SH, Brenner C, Tse C. Discovery and Characterization of Novel Nonsubstrate and Substrate NAMPT Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1236-1245. [PMID: 28468779 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly reliant on NAD+-dependent processes, including glucose metabolism, calcium signaling, DNA repair, and regulation of gene expression. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ salvage from nicotinamide, has been investigated as a target for anticancer therapy. Known NAMPT inhibitors with potent cell activity are composed of a nitrogen-containing aromatic group, which is phosphoribosylated by the enzyme. Here, we identified two novel types of NAM-competitive NAMPT inhibitors, only one of which contains a modifiable, aromatic nitrogen that could be a phosphoribosyl acceptor. Both types of compound effectively deplete cellular NAD+, and subsequently ATP, and produce cell death when NAMPT is inhibited in cultured cells for more than 48 hours. Careful characterization of the kinetics of NAMPT inhibition in vivo allowed us to optimize dosing to produce sufficient NAD+ depletion over time that resulted in efficacy in an HCT116 xenograft model. Our data demonstrate that direct phosphoribosylation of competitive inhibitors by the NAMPT enzyme is not required for potent in vitro cellular activity or in vivo antitumor efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1236-45. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Cheng
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Department of Biochemistry Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yan Shi
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Guo
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Yupeng He
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Tang
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chris Tse
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Phosphoribosyl Diphosphate (PRPP): Biosynthesis, Enzymology, Utilization, and Metabolic Significance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 81:81/1/e00040-16. [PMID: 28031352 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00040-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) is an important intermediate in cellular metabolism. PRPP is synthesized by PRPP synthase, as follows: ribose 5-phosphate + ATP → PRPP + AMP. PRPP is ubiquitously found in living organisms and is used in substitution reactions with the formation of glycosidic bonds. PRPP is utilized in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the amino acids histidine and tryptophan, the cofactors NAD and tetrahydromethanopterin, arabinosyl monophosphodecaprenol, and certain aminoglycoside antibiotics. The participation of PRPP in each of these metabolic pathways is reviewed. Central to the metabolism of PRPP is PRPP synthase, which has been studied from all kingdoms of life by classical mechanistic procedures. The results of these analyses are unified with recent progress in molecular enzymology and the elucidation of the three-dimensional structures of PRPP synthases from eubacteria, archaea, and humans. The structures and mechanisms of catalysis of the five diphosphoryltransferases are compared, as are those of selected enzymes of diphosphoryl transfer, phosphoryl transfer, and nucleotidyl transfer reactions. PRPP is used as a substrate by a large number phosphoribosyltransferases. The protein structures and reaction mechanisms of these phosphoribosyltransferases vary and demonstrate the versatility of PRPP as an intermediate in cellular physiology. PRPP synthases appear to have originated from a phosphoribosyltransferase during evolution, as demonstrated by phylogenetic analysis. PRPP, furthermore, is an effector molecule of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, either by binding to PurR or PyrR regulatory proteins or as an allosteric activator of carbamoylphosphate synthetase. Genetic analyses have disclosed a number of mutants altered in the PRPP synthase-specifying genes in humans as well as bacterial species.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zak M, Yuen PW, Liu X, Patel S, Sampath D, Oeh J, Liederer BM, Wang W, O’Brien T, Xiao Y, Skelton N, Hua R, Sodhi J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao G, Zheng X, Ho YC, Bair KW, Dragovich PS. Minimizing CYP2C9 Inhibition of Exposed-Pyridine NAMPT (Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8345-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Po-wai Yuen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Xiongcai Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Snahel Patel
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason Oeh
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bianca M. Liederer
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas O’Brien
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yang Xiao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Skelton
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rongbao Hua
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Jasleen Sodhi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yunli Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Yen-Ching Ho
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Bair
- FORMA Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen H, Wang S, Zhang H, Nice EC, Huang C. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in carcinogenesis: new clinical opportunities. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:827-38. [PMID: 27186719 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1190649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage pathway. Aberrant NAD metabolism was associated with oncogenic signal transduction, suggesting the critical roles of Nampt in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Additionally, Nampt can be secreted out of the cell, and this extracellular form of Nampt (eNampt) was shown to induce inflammation and angiogenesis due to its cytokine activity, which may also be involved in carcinogenesis. AREAS COVERED This article reviews recent advances in the studies of Nampt in carcinogenesis, with a special highlight on Nampt inhibitors and future clinical application, including cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Expert commentary: Nampt not only maintains the balance of cellular metabolism, but also has a profound influence on multiple aspects of carcinogenesis. Therefore, elucidation of these mechanisms opens the door for future clinical applications targeting this protein. Additional studies are needed to address important questions including the relationship between extracellular Nampt and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- c State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu , China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bai J, Liao C, Liu Y, Qin X, Chen J, Qiu Y, Qin D, Li Z, Tu ZC, Jiang S. Structure-Based Design of Potent Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitors with Promising in Vitro and in Vivo Antitumor Activities. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5766-79. [PMID: 27224875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has the potential to directly limit NAD production in cancer cells and is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Using a structure-based strategy, we have designed a new class of potent small-molecule inhibitors of NAMPT. Several designed compounds showed promising antiproliferative activities in vitro. (E)-N-(5-((4-(((2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl)(isopropyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)amino)pentyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide, 30, bearing an indole moiety, has an IC50 of 25.3 nM for binding to the NAMPT protein and demonstrated promising inhibitory activities in the nanomolar range against several cancer cell lines (MCF-7 GI50 = 0.13 nM; MDA-MB-231 GI50 = 0.15 nM). Triple-negative breast cancer is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer with no effective targeted treatments currently available. Significant antitumor efficacy of compound 30 was achieved (TGI was 73.8%) in an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft tumor model. This paper reports promising lead molecules for the inhibition of NAMPT which could serve as a basis for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Bai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Yanghan Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaochu Qin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yatao Qiu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Dongguang Qin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China.,ABA Chemicals Corporation , Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zheng-Chao Tu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sampath D, Zabka TS, Misner DL, O’Brien T, Dragovich PS. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
33
|
Roulston A, Shore GC. New strategies to maximize therapeutic opportunities for NAMPT inhibitors in oncology. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1052180. [PMID: 27308565 PMCID: PMC4845202 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1052180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is crucial for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis in mammalian cells. NAMPT inhibitors represent multifunctional anticancer agents that act on NAD(+) metabolism to shut down glycolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and ATP generation and act indirectly as PARP and sirtuin inhibitors. The selectivity of NAMPT inhibitors preys on the increased metabolic requirements to replenish NAD(+) in cancer cells. Although initial clinical studies with NAMPT inhibitors did not achieve single-agent therapeutic levels before dose-limiting toxicities were reached, a new understanding of alternative rescue pathways and a biomarker that can be used to select patients provides new opportunities to widen the therapeutic window and achieve efficacious doses in the clinic. Recent work has also illustrated the potential for drug combination strategies to further enhance the therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes recent discoveries in NAD(+)/NAMPT inhibitor biology in the context of exploiting this new knowledge to optimize the clinical outcomes for this promising new class of agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Roulston
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and Dept. Biochemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gordon C Shore
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and Dept. Biochemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tarrant JM, Dhawan P, Singh J, Zabka TS, Clarke E, DosSantos G, Dragovich PS, Sampath D, Lin T, McCray B, La N, Nguyen T, Kauss A, Dambach D, Misner DL, Diaz D, Uppal H. Preclinical models of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor-mediated hematotoxicity and mitigation by co-treatment with nicotinic acid. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:201-11. [PMID: 25894564 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1014080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential co-factor in glycolysis and is a key molecule involved in maintaining cellular energy metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of an important salvage pathway in which nicotinamide is recycled into NAD. NAMPT is up-regulated in many types of cancer and NAMPT inhibitors (NAMPTi) have potential therapeutic benefit in cancer by impairing tumor metabolism. Clinical trials with NAMPTi APO-866 and GMX-1778, however, failed to reach projected efficacious exposures due to dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. We evaluated preclinical models for thrombocytopenia that could be used in candidate drug selection and risk mitigation strategies for NAMPTi-related toxicity. Rats treated with a suite of structurally diverse and potent NAMPTi at maximum tolerated doses had decreased reticulocyte and lymphocyte counts, but no thrombocytopenia. We therefore evaluated and qualified a human colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) as in vitro predictive model of NAMPTi-induced MK toxicity and thrombocytopenia. We further demonstrate that the MK toxicity is on-target based on the evidence that nicotinic acid (NA), which is converted to NAD via a NAMPT-independent pathway, can mitigate NAMPTi toxicity to human CFU-MK in vitro and was also protective for the hematotoxicity in rats in vivo. Finally, assessment of CFU-MK and human platelet bioenergetics and function show that NAMPTi was toxic to MK and not platelets, which is consistent with the clinically observed time-course of thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
|
35
|
Theeramunkong S, Galli U, Grolla AA, Caldarelli A, Travelli C, Massarotti A, Troiani MP, Alisi MA, Orsomando G, Genazzani AA, Tron GC. Identification of a novel NAMPT inhibitor by combinatorial click chemistry and chemical refinement. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of compounds able to inhibit the NAD salvage pathway is experiencing a growing popularity as it has been proposed to be a novel target for antitumoral and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zak M, Liederer BM, Sampath D, Yuen PW, Bair KW, Baumeister T, Buckmelter AJ, Clodfelter KH, Cheng E, Crocker L, Fu B, Han B, Li G, Ho YC, Lin J, Liu X, Ly J, O'Brien T, Reynolds DJ, Skelton N, Smith CC, Tay S, Wang W, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Zhao G, Zheng X, Dragovich PS. Identification of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors with no evidence of CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition and improved aqueous solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:529-41. [PMID: 25556090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization efforts to ameliorate the potent CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) and low aqueous solubility exhibited by a previously identified lead compound from our NAMPT inhibitor program (1, GNE-617). Metabolite identification studies pinpointed the imidazopyridine moiety present in 1 as the likely source of the TDI signal, and replacement with other bicyclic systems was found to reduce or eliminate the TDI finding. A strategy of reducing the number of aromatic rings and/or lowering cLogD7.4 was then employed to significantly improve aqueous solubility. These efforts culminated in the discovery of 42, a compound with no evidence of TDI, improved aqueous solubility, and robust efficacy in tumor xenograft studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Po-Wai Yuen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Kenneth W Bair
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Timm Baumeister
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | | | - Karl H Clodfelter
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Eric Cheng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lisa Crocker
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bang Fu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Bingsong Han
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Guangkun Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yen-Ching Ho
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Xiongcai Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas O'Brien
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Chase C Smith
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Suzanne Tay
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhongguo Wang
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- Forma Therapeutics Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zabka TS, Singh J, Dhawan P, Liederer BM, Oeh J, Kauss MA, Xiao Y, Zak M, Lin T, McCray B, La N, Nguyen T, Beyer J, Farman C, Uppal H, Dragovich PS, O'Brien T, Sampath D, Misner DL. Retinal toxicity, in vivo and in vitro, associated with inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:163-72. [PMID: 25505128 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein with intra- and extra-cellular functions as an enzyme, cytokine, growth factor, and hormone. NAMPT is of interest for oncology, because it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the salvage pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is considered a universal energy- and signal-carrying molecule involved in cellular energy metabolism and many homeostatic functions. This manuscript describes NAMPT inhibitor-induced retinal toxicity that was identified in rodent safety studies. This toxicity had a rapid onset and progression and initially targeted the photoreceptor and outer nuclear layers. Using in vivo safety and efficacy rodent studies, human and mouse cell line potency data, human and rat retinal pigmented epithelial cell in vitro systems, and rat mRNA expression data of NAMPT, nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferease (NMNAT) in several tissues from rat including retina, we demonstrate that the retinal toxicity is on-target and likely human relevant. We demonstrate that this toxicity is not mitigated by coadministration of nicotinic acid (NA), which can enable NAD production through the NAMPT-independent pathway. Further, modifying the physiochemical properties of NAMPT inhibitors could not sufficiently reduce retinal exposure. Our work highlights opportunities to leverage appropriately designed efficacy studies to identify known and measurable safety findings to screen compounds more rapidly and reduce animal use. It also demonstrates that in vitro systems with the appropriate cell composition and relevant biology and toxicity endpoints can provide tools to investigate mechanism of toxicity and the human translation of nonclinical safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja S Zabka
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jatinder Singh
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Preeti Dhawan
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Bianca M Liederer
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jason Oeh
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Mara A Kauss
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yang Xiao
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Mark Zak
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Tori Lin
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Bobbi McCray
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Nghi La
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Trung Nguyen
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Joseph Beyer
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Cynthia Farman
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hirdesh Uppal
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Thomas O'Brien
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Deepak Sampath
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Dinah L Misner
- *Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, DMPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, In-Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang W, Elkins K, Oh A, Ho YC, Wu J, Li H, Xiao Y, Kwong M, Coons M, Brillantes B, Cheng E, Crocker L, Dragovich PS, Sampath D, Zheng X, Bair KW, O'Brien T, Belmont LD. Structural basis for resistance to diverse classes of NAMPT inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109366. [PMID: 25285661 PMCID: PMC4186856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting NAD biosynthesis by blocking the function of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for targeting tumor metabolism. However, the development of drug resistance commonly limits the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. This study identifies mutations in NAMPT that confer resistance to a novel NAMPT inhibitor, GNE-618, in cell culture and in vivo, thus demonstrating that the cytotoxicity of GNE-618 is on target. We determine the crystal structures of six NAMPT mutants in the apo form and in complex with various inhibitors and use cellular, biochemical and structural data to elucidate two resistance mechanisms. One is the surprising finding of allosteric modulation by mutation of residue Ser165, resulting in unwinding of an α-helix that binds the NAMPT substrate 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). The other mechanism is orthosteric blocking of inhibitor binding by mutations of Gly217. Furthermore, by evaluating a panel of diverse small molecule inhibitors, we unravel inhibitor structure activity relationships on the mutant enzymes. These results provide valuable insights into the design of next generation NAMPT inhibitors that offer improved therapeutic potential by evading certain mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiru Wang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristi Elkins
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Oh
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ching Ho
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Li
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Xiao
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mandy Kwong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Coons
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bobby Brillantes
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Cheng
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Crocker
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhang Zheng
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Bair
- Forma Therapeutics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas O'Brien
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa D. Belmont
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|