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Ma F, Zou Y, Chen X, Ma L, Ma R. Evolution, characterization, and expression profile of Egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor ( egln) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) under hypoxia stress. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1753-1762. [PMID: 35289728 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2047994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor (egln), an oxygen-sensing enzyme family, has been thoroughly characterized in mammals and certain fishes, but there is few research on its involvement in reproductive development and hypoxic stress in rainbow trout. In this study, we investigated the gene structure, physicochemical properties, and evolutionary connection of the egln gene family. The expression profile of egln gene family and their regulatory mechanism were explored using bioinformatics analysis and hypoxia treatment experiments. Five egln genes were discovered in the rainbow trout genome in this investigation (egln1, egln2a, egln2b, egln3a, and egln3b). Domain prediction revealed that all egln proteins have p4hc conserved domains, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that rainbow trout egln2 and egln3 were closely related to Atlantic salmon. The results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that egln genes were generally expressed in all detected tissues, and higher in the ovary, testis, and brain in normoxia. Under hypoxia, the expression level of eglns was significantly down-regulated in most tissues except the liver. Our research contributes to future research on the functional properties of egln genes, as well as the evolution of teleosts and the impact of hypoxia on biological immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Yali Zou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Lanfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Ruilin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu, China
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Minervini G, Pennuto M, Tosatto SCE. The pVHL neglected functions, a tale of hypoxia-dependent and -independent regulations in cancer. Open Biol 2020; 10:200109. [PMID: 32603638 PMCID: PMC7574549 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL) is a tumour suppressor mainly known for its role as master regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity. Functional inactivation of pVHL is causative of the von Hippel–Lindau disease, an inherited predisposition to develop different cancers. Due to its impact on human health, pVHL has been widely studied in the last few decades. However, investigations mostly focus on its role in degrading HIFs, whereas alternative pVHL protein–protein interactions and functions are insistently surfacing in the literature. In this review, we analyse these almost neglected functions by dissecting specific conditions in which pVHL is proposed to have differential roles in promoting cancer. We reviewed its role in regulating phosphorylation as a number of works suggest pVHL to act as an inhibitor by either degrading or promoting downregulation of specific kinases. Further, we summarize hypoxia-dependent and -independent pVHL interactions with multiple protein partners and discuss their implications in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio C E Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Dey A, Prabhudesai S, Zhang Y, Rao G, Thirugnanam K, Hossen MN, Dwivedi SKD, Ramchandran R, Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya R. Cystathione β-synthase regulates HIF-1α stability through persulfidation of PHD2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8534. [PMID: 32937467 PMCID: PMC7458453 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The stringent expression of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is critical to a variety of pathophysiological conditions. We reveal that, in normoxia, enzymatic action of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) produces H2S, which persulfidates prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) at residues Cys21 and Cys33 (zinc finger motif), augmenting prolyl hydroxylase activity. Depleting endogenous H2S either by hypoxia or by inhibiting CBS via chemical or genetic means reduces persulfidation of PHD2 and inhibits activity, preventing hydroxylation of HIF-1α, resulting in stabilization. Our in vitro findings are further supported by the depletion of CBS in the zebrafish model that exhibits axis defects and abnormal intersegmental vessels. Exogenous H2S supplementation rescues both in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. We have identified the persulfidated residues and defined their functional significance in regulating the activity of PHD2 via point mutations. Thus, the CBS/H2S/PHD2 axis may provide therapeutic opportunities for pathologies associated with HIF-1α dysregulation in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shubhangi Prabhudesai
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Thirugnanam
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pathology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Tibetans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude and display a distinctive suite of physiologic adaptations, including augmented hypoxic ventilatory response and resistance to pulmonary hypertension. Genome-wide studies have consistently identified compelling genetic signatures of natural selection in two genes of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor pathway, PHD2 and HIF2A The product of the former induces the degradation of the product of the latter. Key issues regarding Tibetan PHD2 are whether it is a gain-of-function or loss-of-function allele, and how it might contribute to high-altitude adaptation. Tibetan PHD2 possesses two amino acid changes, D4E and C127S. We previously showed that in vitro, Tibetan PHD2 is defective in its interaction with p23, a cochaperone of the HSP90 pathway, and we proposed that Tibetan PHD2 is a loss-of-function allele. Here, we report that additional PHD2 mutations at or near Asp-4 or Cys-127 impair interaction with p23 in vitro. We find that mice with the Tibetan Phd2 allele display augmented hypoxic ventilatory response, supporting this loss-of-function proposal. This is phenocopied by mice with a mutation in p23 that abrogates the PHD2:p23 interaction. Hif2a haploinsufficiency, but not the Tibetan Phd2 allele, ameliorates hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure. The Tibetan Phd2 allele is not associated with hemoglobin levels in mice. We propose that Tibetans possess genetic alterations that both activate and inhibit selective outputs of the HIF pathway to facilitate successful adaptation to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude.
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Hypoxia-Regulated miRNAs in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Exploring the Regulatory Effects in Ischemic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061340. [PMID: 30884856 PMCID: PMC6471025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (hMSC) are the most promising cell source for adult cell therapies in regenerative medicine. Many clinical trials have reported the use of autologous transplantation of hMSCs in several disorders, but with limited results. To exert their potential, hMSCs could exhibit efficient homing and migration toward lesion sites among other effects, but the underlying process is not clear enough. To further increase the knowledge, we studied the co-regulation between hypoxia-regulated genes and miRNAs. To this end, we investigated the miRNA expression profile of healthy hMSCs in low oxygen/nutrient conditions to mimic ischemia and compared with cells of patients suffering from critical limb ischemia (CLI). miRNAs are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs, skilled in the control of the target’s expression level in a fine-tuned way. After analyzing the miRNOme in CLI-derived hMSC cells and healthy controls, and intersecting the results with the mRNA expression dataset under hypoxic conditions, we identified two miRNAs potentially relevant to the disease: miR-29b as a pathological marker of the disease and miR-638 as a therapeutic target. This study yielded a deeper understanding of stem cell biology and ischemic disorders, opening new potential treatments in the future.
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