1
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Schmidt M, Linder AT, Korn M, Schellenberg N, Meyer SJ, Nimmerjahn F, Werner A, Abeln M, Gerardy-Schahn R, Münster-Kühnel AK, Nitschke L. Sialic acids on T cells are crucial for their maintenance and survival. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359494. [PMID: 38947328 PMCID: PMC11211268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are found as terminal sugars on glycan structures on cellular surfaces. T cells carry these sialoglycans abundantly, and they are thought to serve multiple functions in cell adhesion, cell migration, and protection from complement attack. We studied the role of sialoglycans on T cells in a mouse model with a T cell-specific deletion of cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid synthase (CMAS), the enzyme that is crucial for the synthesis of sialoglycans. These mice showed a T-cell deficiency in peripheral lymphoid organs. Many T cells with an undeleted Cmas allele were found in the periphery, suggesting that they escaped the Cre-mediated deletion. The remaining peripheral T cells of T cell-specific Cmas KO mice had a memory-like phenotype. Additional depletion of the complement factor C3 could not rescue the phenotype, showing that the T-cell defect was not caused by a host complement activity. Cmas-deficient T cells showed a high level of activated caspase 3, indicating an ongoing apoptosis. In bone marrow chimeric cellular transfer experiments, we observed a strong competitive disadvantage of Cmas-deficient T cells compared to wild-type T cells. These results show that sialoglycans on the surface of T cells are crucial for T-cell survival and maintenance. This function has not been recognized before and is similar to the function of sialoglycans on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmidt
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra T. Linder
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Korn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nick Schellenberg
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah J. Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Werner
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Wedekind H, Beimdiek J, Rossdam C, Kats E, Wittek V, Schumann L, Sörensen-Zender I, Fenske A, Weinhold B, Schmitt R, Tiede A, Büttner FFR, Münster-Kühnel A, Abeln M. The monosialoganglioside GM1a protects against complement attack. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:395. [PMID: 37880236 PMCID: PMC10600102 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a part of the innate immune system in the fluid phase and efficiently eliminates pathogens. However, its activation requires tight regulation on the host cell surface in order not to compromise cellular viability. Previously, we showed that loss of placental cell surface sialylation in mice in vivo leads to a maternal complement attack at the fetal-maternal interface, ultimately resulting in loss of pregnancy. To gain insight into the regulatory function of sialylation in complement activation, we here generated trophoblast stem cells (TSC) devoid of sialylation, which also revealed complement sensitivity and cell death in vitro. Glycolipid-analysis by multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF) allowed us to identify the monosialoganglioside GM1a as a key element of cell surface complement regulation. Exogenously administered GM1a integrated into the plasma membrane of trophoblasts, substantially increased binding of complement factor H (FH) and was sufficient to protect the cells from complement attack and cell death. GM1a treatment also rescued human endothelial cells and erythrocytes from complement attack in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, GM1a significantly reduced complement mediated hemolysis of erythrocytes from a patient with Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). This study demonstrates the complement regulatory potential of exogenously administered gangliosides and paves the way for sialoglycotherapeutics as a novel substance class for membrane-targeted complement regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wedekind
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Beimdiek
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rossdam
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elina Kats
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wittek
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Schumann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Sörensen-Zender
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Fenske
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiede
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Büttner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Münster-Kühnel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Sulic AM, Das Roy R, Papagno V, Lan Q, Saikkonen R, Jernvall J, Thesleff I, Mikkola ML. Transcriptomic landscape of early hair follicle and epidermal development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112643. [PMID: 37318953 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis of ectodermal organs, such as hair, tooth, and mammary gland, starts with the formation of local epithelial thickenings, or placodes, but it remains to be determined how distinct cell types and differentiation programs are established during ontogeny. Here, we use bulk and single-cell transcriptomics and pseudotime modeling to address these questions in developing hair follicles and epidermis and produce a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of cellular populations in the hair placode and interplacodal epithelium. We report previously unknown cell populations and marker genes, including early suprabasal and genuine interfollicular basal markers, and propose the identity of suprabasal progenitors. By uncovering four different hair placode cell populations organized in three spatially distinct areas, with fine gene expression gradients between them, we posit early biases in cell fate establishment. This work is accompanied by a readily accessible online tool to stimulate further research on skin appendages and their progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Sulic
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rishi Das Roy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Verdiana Papagno
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Saikkonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Jernvall
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Burock R, Cajic S, Hennig R, Buettner FFR, Reichl U, Rapp E. Reliable N-Glycan Analysis-Removal of Frequently Occurring Oligosaccharide Impurities by Enzymatic Degradation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041843. [PMID: 36838829 PMCID: PMC9967028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, especially N-glycosylation, is one of the most common protein modifications, with immense importance at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Thus, accurate and reliable N-glycan analysis is essential in many areas of pharmaceutical and food industry, medicine, and science. However, due to the complexity of the cellular glycosylation process, in-depth glycoanalysis is still a highly challenging endeavor. Contamination of samples with oligosaccharide impurities (OSIs), typically linear glucose homo-oligomers, can cause further complications. Due to their physicochemical similarity to N-glycans, OSIs produce potentially overlapping signals, which can remain unnoticed. If recognized, suspected OSI signals are usually excluded in data evaluation. However, in both cases, interpretation of results can be impaired. Alternatively, sample preparation can be repeated to include an OSI removal step from samples. However, this significantly increases sample amount, time, and effort necessary. To overcome these issues, we investigated the option to enzymatically degrade and thereby remove interfering OSIs as a final sample preparation step. Therefore, we screened ten commercially available enzymes concerning their potential to efficiently degrade maltodextrins and dextrans as most frequently found OSIs. Of these enzymes, only dextranase from Chaetomium erraticum and glucoamylase P from Hormoconis resinae enabled a degradation of OSIs within only 30 min that is free of side reactions with N-glycans. Finally, we applied the straightforward enzymatic degradation of OSIs to N-glycan samples derived from different standard glycoproteins and various stem cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Burock
- MPI for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- MPI for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- MPI for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Falk F. R. Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- MPI for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- MPI for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Sialic acids on B cells are crucial for their survival and provide protection against apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201129119. [PMID: 35696562 PMCID: PMC9231502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201129119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) on the B cell membrane are involved in cell migration, in the control of the complement system and, as sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) ligands, in the regulation of cellular signaling. We studied the role of sialoglycans on B cells in a mouse model with B cell-specific deletion of cytidine monophosphate sialic acid synthase (CMAS), the enzyme essential for the synthesis of sialoglycans. Surprisingly, these mice showed a severe B cell deficiency in secondary lymphoid organs. Additional depletion of the complement factor C3 rescued the phenotype only marginally, demonstrating a complement-independent mechanism. The B cell survival receptor BAFF receptor was not up-regulated, and levels of activated caspase 3 and processed caspase 8 were high in B cells of Cmas-deficient mice, indicating ongoing apoptosis. Overexpressed Bcl-2 could not rescue this phenotype, pointing to extrinsic apoptosis. These results show that sialoglycans on the B cell surface are crucial for B cell survival by counteracting several death-inducing pathways.
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6
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D'Addio M, Frey J, Tacconi C, Commerford CD, Halin C, Detmar M, Cummings RD, Otto VI. Sialoglycans on lymphatic endothelial cells augment interactions with Siglec-1 (CD169) of lymph node macrophages. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22017. [PMID: 34699642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions between endothelial cells and macrophages regulate macrophage localization and phenotype, but the mechanisms underlying these interactions are poorly understood. Here we explored the role of sialoglycans on lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in interactions with macrophage-expressed Siglec-1 (CD169). Lectin-binding assays and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that LEC from human skin express more sialylated glycans than the corresponding blood endothelial cells. Higher amounts of sialylated and/or sulfated glycans on LEC than BEC were consistently observed in murine skin, lung and lymph nodes. The floor LEC of the subcapsular sinus (SCS) in murine lymph nodes (LN) displayed sialylated glycans at particularly high densities. The sialoglycans of LN LEC were strongly bound by Siglec-1. Such binding plays an important role in the localization of Siglec-1+ LN-SCS macrophages, as their numbers are strongly reduced in mice expressing a Siglec-1 mutant that is defective in sialoglycan binding. The residual Siglec-1+ macrophages are less proliferative and have a more anti-inflammatory phenotype. We propose that the densely clustered, sialylated glycans on the SCS floor LEC are a key component of the macrophage niche, providing anchorage for the Siglec-1+ LN-SCS macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D'Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Frey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivianne I Otto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Wedekind H, Kats E, Weiss AC, Thiesler H, Klaus C, Kispert A, Horstkorte R, Neumann H, Weinhold B, Münster-Kühnel A, Abeln M. Gne deletion in mice leads to lethal intracerebral hemorrhage during embryonic development. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1478-1489. [PMID: 34224569 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the enzymes of the biosynthesis of sialoglycoconjugates, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), catalyzing the first essential step of the sialic acid (Sia) de novo biosynthesis, and CMP-Sia synthase (CMAS), activating Sia to CMP-Sia, are particularly important. The knockout of either of these enzymes in mice is embryonically lethal. While the lethality of Cmas-/- mice has been attributed to a maternal complement attack against asialo fetal placental cells, the cause of lethality in Gne-deficient embryos has remained elusive. Here, we advanced the significance of sialylation for embryonic development through detailed histological analyses of Gne-/- embryos and placentae. We found that Gne-/- embryonic and extraembryonic tissues are hyposialylated, rather than completely deficient of sialoglycans which holds true for Cmas-/- embryos. Residual sialylation of Gne-/- cells can be explained by scavenging free Sia from sialylated maternal serum glycoconjugates via the lysosomal salvage pathway. The placental architecture of Gne-/- mice was unaffected, but severe hemorrhages in the neuroepithelium with extensive bleeding into the cephalic ventricles were present at E12.5 in the mutants. At E13.5, the vast majority of Gne-/- embryos were asystolic. This phenotype persisted when Gne-/- mice were backcrossed to a complement component 3-deficient background, confirming distinct pathomechanisms of Cmas-/- and Gne-/- mice. We conclude that the low level of sialylation observed in Gne-/- mice is sufficient, both for immune homeostasis at the fetal-maternal interface and for embryonic development until E12.5. However, formation of the neural microvasculature is the first critical process depending on a higher degree of sialylation during development of the embryo proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wedekind
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elina Kats
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Klaus
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Münster-Kühnel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Cirksena K, Hütte HJ, Shcherbakova A, Thumberger T, Sakson R, Weiss S, Jensen LR, Friedrich A, Todt D, Kuss AW, Ruppert T, Wittbrodt J, Bakker H, Buettner FFR. The C-Mannosylome of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Implies a Role for ADAMTS16 C-Mannosylation in Eye Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100092. [PMID: 33975020 PMCID: PMC8256286 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-mannosylation is a modification of tryptophan residues with a single mannose and can affect protein folding, secretion, and/or function. To date, only a few proteins have been demonstrated to be C-mannosylated, and studies that globally assess protein C-mannosylation are scarce. To interrogate the C-mannosylome of human induced pluripotent stem cells, we compared the secretomes of CRISPR–Cas9 mutants lacking either the C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L1 or DPY19L3 to WT human induced pluripotent stem cells using MS-based quantitative proteomics. The secretion of numerous proteins was reduced in these mutants, including that of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin Motifs 16 (ADAMTS16), an extracellular protease that was previously reported to be essential for optic fissure fusion in zebrafish eye development. To test the functional relevance of this observation, we targeted dpy19l1 or dpy19l3 in embryos of the Japanese rice fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) by CRISPR–Cas9. We observed that targeting of dpy19l3 partially caused defects in optic fissure fusion, called coloboma. We further showed in a cellular model that DPY19L1 and DPY19L3 mediate C-mannosylation of a recombinantly expressed thrombospondin type 1 repeat of ADAMTS16 and thereby support its secretion. Taken together, our findings imply that DPY19L3-mediated C-mannosylation is involved in eye development by assisting secretion of the extracellular protease ADAMTS16. TSR1 of ADAMTS16 can be C-mannosylated. Deletion of DPY19L1 or DPY19L3 in hiPSCs caused reduced secretion of ADAMTS16. Targeting of dpy19l3 in medaka occasionally led to coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Cirksena
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann J Hütte
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Sakson
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; HBIGS, Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Riff Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alina Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Bakker
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Winterhoff M, Chen F, Sahini N, Ebensen T, Kuhn M, Kaever V, Bähre H, Pessler F. Establishment, Validation, and Initial Application of a Sensitive LC-MS/MS Assay for Quantification of the Naturally Occurring Isomers Itaconate, Mesaconate, and Citraconate. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050270. [PMID: 33925995 PMCID: PMC8146994 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is derived from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate cis-aconitate and links innate immunity and metabolism. Its synthesis is altered in inflammation-related disorders and it therefore has potential as clinical biomarker. Mesaconate and citraconate are naturally occurring isomers of itaconate that have been linked to metabolic disorders, but their functional relationships with itaconate are unknown. We aimed to establish a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay for the quantification of itaconate, mesaconate, citraconate, the pro-drug 4-octyl-itaconate, and selected TCA intermediates. The assay was validated for itaconate, mesaconate, and citraconate for intra- and interday precision and accuracy, extended stability, recovery, freeze/thaw cycles, and carry-over. The lower limit of quantification was 0.098 µM for itaconate and mesaconate and 0.049 µM for citraconate in 50 µL samples. In spike-in experiments, itaconate remained stable in human plasma and whole blood for 24 and 8 h, respectively, whereas spiked-in citraconate and mesaconate concentrations changed during incubation. The type of anticoagulant in blood collection tubes affected measured levels of selected TCA intermediates. Human plasma may contain citraconate (0.4-0.6 µM, depending on the donor), but not itaconate or mesaconate, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole blood induced only itaconate. Concentrations of the three isomers differed greatly among mouse organs: Itaconate and citraconate were most abundant in lymph nodes, mesaconate in kidneys, and only citraconate occurred in brain. This assay should prove useful to quantify itaconate isomers in biomarker and pharmacokinetic studies, while providing internal controls for their effects on metabolism by allowing quantification of TCA intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Winterhoff
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.W.); (F.C.); (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Fangfang Chen
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.W.); (F.C.); (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Nishika Sahini
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.W.); (F.C.); (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Maike Kuhn
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.W.); (F.C.); (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (V.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Frank Pessler
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.W.); (F.C.); (N.S.); (M.K.)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Importance of evaluating protein glycosylation in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for research and clinical applications. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1041-1059. [PMID: 33830329 PMCID: PMC8245383 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proper protein glycosylation is critical to normal cardiomyocyte physiology. Aberrant glycosylation can alter protein localization, structure, drug interactions, and cellular function. The in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) has become increasingly important to the study of protein function and to the fields of cardiac disease modeling, drug testing, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Here, we offer our perspective on the importance of protein glycosylation in hPSC-CM. Protein glycosylation is dynamic in hPSC-CM, but the timing and extent of glycosylation are still poorly defined. We provide new data highlighting how observed changes in hPSC-CM glycosylation may be caused by underlying differences in the protein or transcript abundance of enzymes involved in building and trimming the glycan structures or glycoprotein gene products. We also provide evidence that alternative splicing results in altered sites of glycosylation within the protein sequence. Our findings suggest the need to precisely define protein glycosylation events that may have a critical impact on the function and maturation state of hPSC-CM. Finally, we provide an overview of analytical strategies available for studying protein glycosylation and identify opportunities for the development of new bioinformatic approaches to integrate diverse protein glycosylation data types. We predict that these tools will promote the accurate assessment of protein glycosylation in future studies of hPSC-CM that will ultimately be of significant experimental and clinical benefit.
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Bordron A, Morel M, Bagacean C, Dueymes M, Pochard P, Harduin-Lepers A, Jamin C, Pers JO. Hyposialylation Must Be Considered to Develop Future Therapies in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073402. [PMID: 33810246 PMCID: PMC8036829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease development depends on multiple factors, including genetic and environmental. Abnormalities such as sialylation levels and/or quality have been recently highlighted. The adjunction of sialic acid at the terminal end of glycoproteins and glycolipids is essential for distinguishing between self and non-self-antigens and the control of pro- or anti-inflammatory immune reactions. In autoimmunity, hyposialylation is responsible for chronic inflammation, the anarchic activation of the immune system and organ lesions. A detailed characterization of this mechanism is a key element for improving the understanding of these diseases and the development of innovative therapies. This review focuses on the impact of sialylation in autoimmunity in order to determine future treatments based on the regulation of hyposialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bordron
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Morel
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
| | - Cristina Bagacean
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Maryvonne Dueymes
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Pierre Pochard
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Christophe Jamin
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Univ Brest, Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227 Brest, France; (M.M.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (C.J.); (J.-O.P.)
- CHU de Brest, Laboratory of Immunolgy, 29200 Brest, France;
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12
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Cajic S, Hennig R, Burock R, Rapp E. Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:137-172. [PMID: 34687009 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The in-depth characterization of protein glycosylation has become indispensable in many research fields and in the biopharmaceutical industry. Especially knowledge about modulations in immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation and their effect on immunity enabled a better understanding of human diseases and the development of new, more effective drugs for their treatment. This chapter provides a deeper insight into capillary (gel) electrophoresis-based (C(G)E) glycan analysis, addressing its impressive performance and possibilities, its great potential regarding real high-throughput for large cohort studies, as well as its challenges and limitations. We focus on the latest developments with respect to miniaturization and mass spectrometry coupling, as well as data analysis and interpretation. The use of exoglycosidase sequencing in combination with current C(G)E technology is discussed, highlighting possible difficulties and pitfalls. The application section describes the detailed characterization of N-glycosylation, utilizing multiplexed CGE with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF). Besides a comprehensive overview on antibody glycosylation by comparing species-specific IgGs and human immunoglobulins A, D, E, G, and M, the chapter comprises a comparison of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies from different production cell lines, as well as a detailed characterization of Fab and Fc glycosylation. These examples illustrate the full potential of C(G)E, resolving the smallest differences in sugar composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Sialylation of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Synthetase and Solute Carrier Family 35 Member A1 Are Required for Reovirus Binding and Infection. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.01571-20. [PMID: 33087464 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01571-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of cell surface receptors by viruses is a critical determinant of viral tropism and disease. The reovirus attachment protein σ1 binds sialylated glycans and proteinaceous receptors to mediate infection, but the specific requirements for different cell types are not entirely known. To identify host factors required for reovirus-induced cell death, we conducted a CRISPR-knockout screen targeting over 20,000 genes in murine microglial BV2 cells. Candidate genes required for reovirus to cause cell death were highly enriched for sialic acid synthesis and transport. Two of the top candidates identified, CMP N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (Cmas) and solute carrier family 35 member A1 (Slc35a1), promote sialic acid expression on the cell surface. Two reovirus strains that differ in the capacity to bind sialic acid, T3SA+ and T3SA-, were used to evaluate Cmas and Slc35a1 as potential host genes required for reovirus infection. Following CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of either gene, cell surface expression of sialic acid was diminished. These results correlated with decreased binding of strain T3SA+, which is capable of engaging sialic acid. Disruption of either gene did not alter the low-level binding of T3SA-, which does not engage sialic acid. Furthermore, infectivity of T3SA+ was diminished to levels similar to those of T3SA- in cells lacking Cmas and Slc35a1 by CRISPR ablation. However, exogenous expression of Cmas and Slc35a1 into the respective null cells restored sialic acid expression and T3SA+ binding and infectivity. These results demonstrate that Cmas and Slc35a1, which mediate cell surface expression of sialic acid, are required in murine microglial cells for efficient reovirus binding and infection.IMPORTANCE Attachment factors and receptors are important determinants of dissemination and tropism during reovirus-induced disease. In a CRISPR cell survival screen, we discovered two genes, Cmas and Slc35a1, which encode proteins required for sialic acid expression on the cell surface and mediate reovirus infection of microglial cells. This work elucidates host genes that render microglial cells susceptible to reovirus infection and expands current understanding of the receptors on microglial cells that are engaged by reovirus. Such knowledge may lead to new strategies to selectively target microglial cells for oncolytic applications.
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Pralow A, Cajic S, Alagesan K, Kolarich D, Rapp E. State-of-the-Art Glycomics Technologies in Glycobiotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:379-411. [PMID: 33112988 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation affects the properties of biologics; thus regulatory bodies classified it as critical quality attribute and force biopharma industry to capture and control it throughout all phases, from R&D till end of product lifetime. The shift from originators to biosimilars further increases importance and extent of glycoanalysis, which thus increases the need for technology platforms enabling reliable high-throughput and in-depth glycan analysis. In this chapter, we will first summarize on established glycoanalytical methods based on liquid chromatography focusing on hydrophilic interaction chromatography, capillary electrophoresis focusing on multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry focusing on matrix-assisted laser desorption; we will then highlight two emerging technologies based on porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography and on ion-mobility mass spectrometry as both are highly promising tools to deliver an additional level of information for in-depth glycan analysis; additionally we elaborate on the advantages and challenges of different glycoanalytical technologies and their complementarity; finally, we briefly review applications thereof to biopharmaceutical products. This chapter provides an overview of current state-of-the-art analytical approaches for glycan characterization of biopharmaceuticals that can be employed to capture glycoprotein heterogeneity in a biopharmaceutical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pralow
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathirvel Alagesan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Puigdellívol M, Allendorf DH, Brown GC. Sialylation and Galectin-3 in Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:162. [PMID: 32581723 PMCID: PMC7296093 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain macrophages that mediate neuroinflammation and contribute to and protect against neurodegeneration. The terminal sugar residue of all glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of mammalian cells is normally sialic acid, and addition of this negatively charged residue is known as “sialylation,” whereas removal by sialidases is known as “desialylation.” High sialylation of the neuronal cell surface inhibits microglial phagocytosis of such neurons, via: (i) activating sialic acid receptors (Siglecs) on microglia that inhibit phagocytosis and (ii) inhibiting binding of opsonins C1q, C3, and galectin-3. Microglial sialylation inhibits inflammatory activation of microglia via: (i) activating Siglec receptors CD22 and CD33 on microglia that inhibit phagocytosis and (ii) inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), complement receptor 3 (CR3), and other microglial receptors. When activated, microglia release a sialidase activity that desialylates both microglia and neurons, activating the microglia and rendering the neurons susceptible to phagocytosis. Activated microglia also release galectin-3 (Gal-3), which: (i) further activates microglia via binding to TLR4 and TREM2, (ii) binds to desialylated neurons opsonizing them for phagocytosis via Mer tyrosine kinase, and (iii) promotes Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo. Gal-3 and desialylation may increase in a variety of brain pathologies. Thus, Gal-3 and sialidases are potential treatment targets to prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Puigdellívol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David H Allendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Qualitative and quantitative alterations in intracellular and membrane glycoproteins maintain the balance between cellular senescence and human aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2190-2208. [PMID: 30157474 PMCID: PMC6128432 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are associated with and serve as biomarkers for various biological functions. We previously reported that cell surface sialylated glycoproteins of dermal fibroblasts decreased with cellular senescence and human aging. There is little information on the changes in glycoprotein expression and subcellular localization during the aging process. Here, we examined intracellular glycan profiles of fibroblasts undergoing cellular senescence and those derived from aging human subjects using lectin microarray analysis. We found a sequential change of the intracellular glycan profiles was little during cellular senescence. The intracellular glycans of cells derived from aged fetus and from elderly subjects showed similar localized patterns while repeating unsteady changes. The ratio of α2-3/2-6sialylated intracellular glycoproteins in total cell extracts increased, except for a part of α2-3sialylated O-glycans. These findings are in contrast to those for membrane glycoprotein, which decreased with aging. Interestingly, the ratio of increasing sialylated glycoproteins in the fetus-derived cells showing cellular senescence was similar to that in cells derived from the elderly. Thus, intracellular glycans may maintain cellular functions such as ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation and/or autophagy during aging by contributing to the accumulation of intracellular glycosylated proteins. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the molecular changes that occur during aging.
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Fischöder T, Cajic S, Grote V, Heinzler R, Reichl U, Franzreb M, Rapp E, Elling L. Enzymatic Cascades for Tailored 13C 6 and 15N Enriched Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2019; 24:E3482. [PMID: 31557948 PMCID: PMC6803985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several health benefits, associated with human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), have been revealed in the last decades. Further progress, however, requires not only the establishment of a simple "routine" method for absolute quantification of complex HMOS mixtures but also the development of novel synthesis strategies to improve access to tailored HMOS. Here, we introduce a combination of salvage-like nucleotide sugar-producing enzyme cascades with Leloir-glycosyltransferases in a sequential pattern for the convenient tailoring of stable isotope-labeled HMOS. We demonstrate the assembly of [13C6]galactose into lacto-N- and lacto-N-neo-type HMOS structures up to octaoses. Further, we present the enzymatic production of UDP-[15N]GlcNAc and its application for the enzymatic synthesis of [13C6/15N]lacto-N-neo-tetraose for the first time. An exemplary application was selected-analysis of tetraose in complex biological mixtures-to show the potential of tailored stable isotope reference standards for the mass spectrometry-based quantification, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as a fast and straightforward method for absolute quantification of HMOS. Together with the newly available well-defined tailored isotopic HMOS, this can make a crucial contribution to prospective research aiming for a more profound understanding of HMOS structure-function relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischöder
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerian Grote
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Heinzler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Li F, Ding J. Sialylation is involved in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Protein Cell 2019; 10:550-565. [PMID: 30478534 PMCID: PMC6626595 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylation, or the covalent addition of sialic acid to the terminal end of glycoproteins, is a biologically important modification that is involved in embryonic development, neurodevelopment, reprogramming, oncogenesis and immune responses. In this review, we have given a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the involvement of sialylation in cell fate decision during development, reprogramming and cancer progression. Sialylation is essential for early embryonic development and the deletion of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, a rate-limiting enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis, is embryonically lethal. Furthermore, the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is required for somatic cell reprogramming, and its downregulation is associated with decreased reprogramming efficiency. In addition, sialylation levels and patterns are altered during cancer progression, indicating the potential of sialylated molecules as cancer biomarkers. Taken together, the current evidences demonstrate that sialylation is involved in crucial cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenjie Li
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Niculovic KM, Blume L, Wedekind H, Kats E, Albers I, Groos S, Abeln M, Schmitz J, Beuke E, Bräsen JH, Melk A, Schiffer M, Weinhold B, Münster-Kühnel AK. Podocyte-Specific Sialylation-Deficient Mice Serve as a Model for Human FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1021-1035. [PMID: 31040189 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018090951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, which manifests as FSGS, is not completely understood. Aberrant glycosylation is an often underestimated factor for pathologic processes, and structural changes in the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx have been correlated with models of nephrotic syndrome. Glycans are frequently capped by sialic acid (Sia), and sialylation's crucial role for kidney function is well known. Human podocytes are highly sialylated; however, sialylation's role in podocyte homeostasis remains unclear. METHODS We generated a podocyte-specific sialylation-deficient mouse model (PCmas-/- ) by targeting CMP-Sia synthetase, and used histologic and ultrastructural analysis to decipher the phenotype. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate immortalized sialylation-deficient podocytes (asialo-podocytes) for functional studies. RESULTS Progressive loss of sialylation in PCmas-/- mice resulted in onset of proteinuria around postnatal day 28, accompanied by foot process effacement and loss of slit diaphragms. Podocyte injury led to severe glomerular defects, including expanded capillary lumen, mesangial hypercellularity, synechiae formation, and podocyte loss. In vivo, loss of sialylation resulted in mislocalization of slit diaphragm components, whereas podocalyxin localization was preserved. In vitro, asialo-podocytes were viable, able to proliferate and differentiate, but showed impaired adhesion to collagen IV. CONCLUSIONS Loss of cell-surface sialylation in mice resulted in disturbance of podocyte homeostasis and FSGS development. Impaired podocyte adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane most likely contributed to disease development. Our data support the notion that loss of sialylation might be part of the complex process causing FSGS. Sialylation, such as through a Sia supplementation therapy, might provide a new therapeutic strategy to cure or delay FSGS and potentially other glomerulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Esther Beuke
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Jan H Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, and
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abeln M, Albers I, Peters-Bernard U, Flächsig-Schulz K, Kats E, Kispert A, Tomlinson S, Gerardy-Schahn R, Münster-Kühnel A, Weinhold B. Sialic acid is a critical fetal defense against maternal complement attack. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:422-436. [PMID: 30382946 DOI: 10.1172/jci99945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The negatively charged sugar sialic acid (Sia) occupies the outermost position in the bulk of cell surface glycans. Lack of sialylated glycans due to genetic ablation of the Sia-activating enzyme CMP-sialic acid synthase (CMAS) resulted in embryonic lethality around day 9.5 post coitum (E9.5) in mice. Developmental failure was caused by complement activation on trophoblasts in Cmas-/- implants and was accompanied by infiltration of maternal neutrophils at the fetal-maternal interface, intrauterine growth restriction, impaired placental development, and a thickened Reichert's membrane. This phenotype, which shared features with complement receptor 1-related protein Y (Crry) depletion, was rescued in E8.5 Cmas-/- mice upon injection of cobra venom factor, resulting in exhaustion of the maternal complement component C3. Here we show that Sia is dispensable for early development of the embryo proper but pivotal for fetal-maternal immune homeostasis during pregnancy, i.e., for protecting the allograft implant against attack by the maternal innate immune system. Finally, embryos devoid of cell surface sialylation suffered from malnutrition due to inadequate placentation as a secondary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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22
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Fischöder T, Cajic S, Reichl U, Rapp E, Elling L. Enzymatic Cascade Synthesis Provides Novel Linear Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Reference Standards for xCGE-LIF Based High-Throughput Analysis. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800305. [PMID: 30076755 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A rising amount of known health benefits leads to an increased attention of science and nutrient industry to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS). The unique diversity of HMOS includes several rare, complex, and high molecular weight structures. Therefore, identification and elucidation of complex structures, which may occur only in traces, poses a daunting analytical challenge, further complicated by the limited access to suitable standards. Regarding this, inherent diversity of HMOS and their structural complexity make them difficult to synthesize. The use of recombinant Leloir-glycosyltransferases offers a common strategy to overcome the latter issues. In this study, linear long-chained Lacto-N-biose-type (LNT) and Lacto-N-neo-type (LNnT) HMOS are tailored far beyond the known naturally occurring length. Thereby novel well-defined reference standards for screening HMOS composition by high performance and high throughput analytics are provided. It is shown here for the first time the synthesis of LNT oligomers up to 26 and LNnT oligomers up to 30 sugar units in a semi-sequential one-pot synthesis as analyzed by high performance multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF). While being a high-throughput method, xCGE-LIF can also handle long chained linkage isomers of challenging similarity, some of them even present only in trace amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischöder
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.,Prof. U. Reichl, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätspl. 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.,glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Martinez NN, Lipke M, Robinson J, Wilcken B. Sialuria: Ninth Patient Described Has a Novel Mutation in GNE. JIMD Rep 2018; 44:17-21. [PMID: 29923088 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialuria is a rare autosomal dominant inborn error of metabolism characterized by cytoplasmic accumulation and urinary excretion of gram quantities of free sialic acid due to failure of feedback inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid synthesis pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE/MNK). To date, eight cases had been published worldwide, all with heterozygous missense variants at the allosteric site, specifically at Arginine 294 (formerly 263) and Arginine 297 (formerly 266) of GNE. The described cases so far have rather homogeneous clinical features which include developmental delay, mildly coarse features, hepatomegaly and prolonged neonatal jaundice. The apparent rarity of this disorder is hypothesized to be due to the variable and sometimes transient nature of the clinical features and to the absence of routine testing for urinary sialic acids. Here we present the ninth case of sialuria diagnosed in a child investigated because of clinical signs and symptoms and furthermore describe a novel pathogenic variant in the associated gene, GNE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Lipke
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Robinson
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridget Wilcken
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia. .,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Abeln M, Borst KM, Cajic S, Thiesler H, Kats E, Albers I, Kuhn M, Kaever V, Rapp E, Münster-Kühnel A, Weinhold B. Sialylation Is Dispensable for Early Murine Embryonic Development in Vitro. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1305-1316. [PMID: 28374933 PMCID: PMC5502888 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The negatively charged nonulose sialic acid (Sia) is essential for murine development in vivo. In order to elucidate the impact of sialylation on differentiation processes in the absence of maternal influences, we generated mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines that lack CMP‐Sia synthetase (CMAS) and thereby the ability to activate Sia to CMP‐Sia. Loss of CMAS activity resulted in an asialo cell surface accompanied by an increase in glycoconjugates with terminal galactosyl and oligo‐LacNAc residues, as well as intracellular accumulation of free Sia. Remarkably, these changes did not impact intracellular metabolites or the morphology and transcriptome of pluripotent mESC lines. Moreover, the capacity of Cmas−/− mESCs for undirected differentiation into embryoid bodies, germ layer formation and even the generation of beating cardiomyocytes provides first and conclusive evidence that pluripotency and differentiation of mESC in vitro can proceed in the absence of (poly)sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina M Borst
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elina Kats
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Albers
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Kuhn
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, A joint venture between Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Münster-Kühnel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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