1
|
Jiang S, Xu L, Zhong Y, Zhang C, Yu X, Li K, Ding L, Wang X. Hemicyanine-Based Highly Water-Soluble Probe for Extracellular Nitroreductase. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400257. [PMID: 38847484 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) has long been a target of interest for its important role involved in the nitro compounds metabolism. Various probes have been reported for NTR analysis, but rarely able to distinguish the extracellular NTR from intracellular ones. Herein we reported a new NTR sensor, HCyS-NO2, which was a hemicyanine molecule with one nitro and two sulfo groups attached. The nitro group acted as the reporting group to respond NTR reduction. Direct linkage of nitro group into the hemicyanine π conjugate system facilitated the intramolecular electron transfer (IET) process and thus quenched the fluorescence of hemicyanine core. Upon reduction with NTR, the nitro group was rapidly converted into the hydroxylamino and then the amino group, eliminating IET process and thus restoring the fluorescence. The sulfo groups installed significantly increased the hydrophilicity of the molecule, and introduced negative charges at physiological pH, preventing the diffusion into bacteria. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were able to turn on the fluorescence of HCyS-NO2, without detectable diffusion into cells, providing a useful tool to probe the extracellular reduction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Le Xu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seitz J, Auth M, Prinz T, Hau M, Tzortzoglou P, Schulz-Fincke J, Schmidtkunz K, Baniahmad AA, Willmann D, Metzger E, Hein L, Preissl S, Schüle R, Jung M. Soft drug inhibitors for the epigenetic targets lysine-specific demethylase 1 and histone deacetylases. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400450. [PMID: 39004853 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulators such as lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are drug targets for cancer, neuropsychiatric disease, or inflammation, but inhibitors of these enzymes exhibit considerable side effects. For a potential local treatment with reduced systemic toxicity, we present here soft drug candidates as new LSD1 and HDAC inhibitors. A soft drug is a compound that is degraded in vivo to less active metabolites after having achieved its therapeutic function. This has been successfully applied for corticosteroids in the clinic, but soft drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes are scarce, with the HDAC inhibitor remetinostat being the only example. We have developed new methyl ester-containing inhibitors targeting LSD1 or HDACs and compared the biological activities of these to their respective carboxylic acid cleavage products. In vitro activity assays, cellular experiments, and a stability assay identified potent HDAC and LSD1 soft drug candidates that are superior to their corresponding carboxylic acids in cellular models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Auth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tony Prinz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Hau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pavlos Tzortzoglou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulz-Fincke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adina A Baniahmad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominica Willmann
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric Metzger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelsalam M, Zmyslia M, Schmidtkunz K, Vecchio A, Hilscher S, Ibrahim HS, Schutkowski M, Jung M, Jessen-Trefzer C, Sippl W. Design and synthesis of bioreductive prodrugs of class I histone deacetylase inhibitors and their biological evaluation in virally transfected acute myeloid leukemia cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300536. [PMID: 37932028 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise in treating various types of hematologic malignancies, they have some limitations, including poor pharmacokinetics and off-target side effects. Prodrug design has shown promise as an approach to improve pharmacokinetic properties and to improve target tissue specificity. In this work, several bioreductive prodrugs for class I HDACs were designed based on known selective HDAC inhibitors. The zinc-binding group of the HDAC inhibitors was masked with various nitroarylmethyl residues to make them substrates of nitroreductase (NTR). The developed prodrugs showed weak HDAC inhibitory activity compared to their parent inhibitors. The prodrugs were tested against wild-type and NTR-transfected THP1 cells. Cellular assays showed that both 2-nitroimidazole-based prodrugs 5 and 6 were best activated by the NTR and exhibited potent activity against NTR-THP1 cells. Compound 6 showed the highest cellular activity (GI50 = 77 nM) and exhibited moderate selectivity. Moreover, activation of prodrug 6 by NTR was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, which showed the release of the parent inhibitor after incubation with Escherichia coli NTR. Thus, compound 6 can be considered a novel prodrug selective for class I HDACs, which could be used as a good starting point for increasing selectivity and for further optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mariia Zmyslia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Anita Vecchio
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hilscher
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar TA, Birua S, SharathChandra M, Mukherjee P, Singh S, Kaul G, Akhir A, Chopra S, Hirschi J, Singh A, Chakrapani H. An Arm-to-Disarm Strategy to Overcome Phenotypic AMR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.23.533925. [PMID: 38260651 PMCID: PMC10802243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.533925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most front-line tuberculosis drugs are ineffective against hypoxic non-replicating drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) contributing to phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is largely due to the poor permeability in the thick and waxy cell wall of persister cells, leading to diminished drug accumulation and reduced drug-target engagement. Here, using an "arm-to-disarm" prodrug approach, we demonstrate that non-replicating Mtb persisters can be sensitized to Moxifloxacin (MXF), a front-line TB drug. We design and develop a series of nitroheteroaryl MXF prodrugs that are substrates for bacterial nitroreductases (NTR), a class of enzymes that are over-expressed in hypoxic Mtb. Enzymatic activation involves electron-transfer to the nitroheteroaryl compound followed by protonation via water that contributes to the rapid cleavage rate of the protective group by NTR to produce the active drug. Phenotypic and genotypic data are fully consistent with MXF-driven lethality of the prodrug in Mtb with the protective group being a relatively innocuous bystander. The prodrug increased intracellular concentrations of MXF than MXF alone and is more lethal than MXF in non-replicating persisters. Hence, arming drugs to improve permeability, accumulation and drug-target engagement is a new therapeutic paradigm to disarm phenotypic AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Anand Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Shalini Birua
- Division of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Piyali Mukherjee
- Division of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Samsher Singh
- Division of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Division of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Navarro MX, Brennan CK, Love AC, Prescher JA. Caged luciferins enable rapid multicomponent bioluminescence imaging. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:67-74. [PMID: 37259257 PMCID: PMC10687313 DOI: 10.1111/php.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence is a sensitive technique for imaging biological features over time. Historically, though, the modality has been challenging to employ for multiplexed tracking due to a lack of resolvable luciferase-luciferin pairs. Recent years have seen the development of numerous orthogonal probes for multi-parameter imaging. While successful, generating such tools often requires complex syntheses and lengthy enzyme evolution campaigns. This work showcases an alternative strategy for multiplexed bioluminescence that takes advantage of already-orthogonal caged luciferins and established uncaging enzymes. These probes generate unique bioluminescent signals that can be distinguished via a linear unmixing algorithm. Caged luciferins enabled two- and three-component imaging on the minutes time scale. We further showed that the tools can be used in conjunction with endogenous enzymes for multiplexed studies. Collectively, this approach lowers the barrier to multicomponent bioluminescence imaging and can be readily adopted by the broader community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana X. Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Caroline K. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Anna C. Love
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1120 Natural Science II, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92716 (USA)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 101 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Y, Wang Y, Wei S, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects and Mechanisms of Non-Thermal Plasma-Mediated ROS and Its Applications in Animal Husbandry and Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15889. [PMID: 37958872 PMCID: PMC10648079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an ionized gas composed of neutral and charged reactive species, electric fields, and ultraviolet radiation. NTP presents a relatively low discharge temperature because it is characterized by the fact that the temperature values of ions and neutral particles are much lower than that of electrons. Reactive species (atoms, radicals, ions, electrons) are produced in NTP and delivered to biological objects induce a set of biochemical processes in cells or tissues. NTP can mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an intensity- and time-dependent manner. ROS homeostasis plays an important role in animal health. Relatively low or physiological levels of ROS mediated by NTP promote cell proliferation and differentiation, while high or excessive levels of ROS mediated by NTP cause oxidative stress damage and even cell death. NTP treatment under appropriate conditions not only produces moderate levels of exogenous ROS directly and stimulates intracellular ROS generation, but also can regulate intracellular ROS levels indirectly, which affect the redox state in different cells and tissues of animals. However, the treatment condition of NTP need to be optimized and the potential mechanism of NTP-mediated ROS in different biological targets is still unclear. Over the past ten decades, interest in the application of NTP technology in biology and medical sciences has been rapidly growing. There is significant optimism that NTP can be developed for a wide range of applications such as wound healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomedical materials because of its safety, non-toxicity, and high efficiency. Moreover, the combined application of NTP with other methods is currently a hot research topic because of more effective effects on sterilization and anti-cancer abilities. Interestingly, NTP technology has presented great application potential in the animal husbandry field in recent years. However, the wide applications of NTP are related to different and complicated mechanisms, and whether NTP-mediated ROS play a critical role in its application need to be clarified. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the effects of ROS on animal health, the mechanisms of NTP-mediated ROS levels through antioxidant clearance and ROS generation, and the potential applications of NTP-mediated ROS in animal growth and breeding, animal health, animal-derived food safety, and biomedical fields including would healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomaterials. This will provide a theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of animal husbandry and the prevention and treatment of diseases in both animals and human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ota Y, Itoh Y, Kurohara T, Singh R, Elboray EE, Hu C, Zamani F, Mukherjee A, Takada Y, Yamashita Y, Morita M, Horinaka M, Sowa Y, Masuda M, Sakai T, Suzuki T. Cancer-Cell-Selective Targeting by Arylcyclopropylamine-Vorinostat Conjugates. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1568-1573. [PMID: 36262394 PMCID: PMC9575174 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug delivery by small molecules offers a number of advantages over conventional macromolecular drug delivery systems. We previously developed phenylcyclopropylamine (PCPA)-drug conjugates (PDCs) as small-molecule-based drug delivery vehicles for targeting lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)-overexpressing cancers. In this study, we applied this PDC strategy to the HDAC-inhibitory anticancer agent vorinostat. Among three synthesized PCPA or arylcyclopropylamine (ACPA)-vorinostat conjugates 1, 9, and 32, conjugate 32 with a 4-oxybenzyl linker showed sufficient stability in buffer solutions, potent LSD1 inhibition, efficient LSD1-dependent vorinostat release, and potent and selective antiproliferative activity toward LSD1-expressing human breast cancer and small-cell lung cancer cell lines. These results indicate that the conjugate selectively releases vorinostat in cancer cells. A similar strategy may be applicable to other anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ota
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Itoh
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurohara
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ritesh Singh
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Elghareeb E. Elboray
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- Department,
Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Chenliang Hu
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Farzad Zamani
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - Yuri Takada
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - Mie Morita
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Masuda
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Staudt M, Jung M. Hypoxia-activated KDAC inhibitor: Taking a breath from untargeted therapy. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1255-1257. [PMID: 34534468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Use of hypoxia-activated prodrugs has emerged as a strategy for selectively targeting tumors in hypoxic conditions harboring reductive environments. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Skwarska et al. (2021) report a hypoxia-activated prodrug targeting histone deacetylases (lysine deacetylases, KDACs) selectively over normoxic cells with activity in an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Staudt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Altarejos J, Sucunza D, Vaquero JJ, Carreras J. Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Cyclopropylboronates. Org Lett 2021; 23:6174-6178. [PMID: 34320310 PMCID: PMC8895459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A copper-catalyzed
enantioselective cyclopropanation involving
trifluorodiazoethane in the presence of alkenyl boronates has been
developed. This transformation enables the preparation of 2-substituted-3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropylboronates
with high levels of stereocontrol. The products are valuable synthetic
intermediates by transformation of the boronate group. This methodology
can be applied to the synthesis of novel trifluoromethylated analogues
of trans-2-arylcyclopropylamines, which are prevalent
motifs in biologically active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Altarejos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Javier Carreras
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edupuganti VVSR, Tyndall JDA, Gamble AB. Self-immolative Linkers in Prodrugs and Antibody Drug Conjugates in Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:479-497. [PMID: 33966624 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210509001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of anti-cancer therapies with high anti-tumour efficacy and reduced toxicity continues to be challenging. Anti-cancer prodrug and antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC) strategies that can specifically and efficiently deliver cytotoxic compounds to cancer cells have been used to overcome some of the challenges. Key to the success of many of these strategies is a self-immolative linker, which after activation can release the drug payload. Various types of triggerable self-immolative linkers are used in prodrugs and ADCs to improve their efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE Numerous patents have reported the significance of self-immolative linkers in prodrugs and ADCs in cancer treatment. Based on the recent patent literature, we summarise methods for designing the site-specific activation of non-toxic prodrugs and ADCs in order to improve selectivity for killing cancer cells. METHODS In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs and ADCs in cancer treatment are provided. This review presents recent patents and related publications over the past ten years to 2020. RESULTS The recent patent literature has been summarised for a wide variety of self-immolative PABC linkers, which are cleaved by factors including responding to the difference between the extracellular and intracellular environments (pH, ROS, glutathione), by over-expressed enzymes (cathepsin, plasmin, β-glucuronidase) or bioorthogonal activation. The mechanism for self-immolation involves the linker undergoing a 1,4- or 1,6-elimination (via electron cascade) or intramolecular cyclisation to release cytotoxic drug at the targeted site. CONCLUSION This review provides the commonly used strategies from recent patent literature in the development of prodrugs based on targeted cancer therapy and antibody-drug conjugates, which show promising results in therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054. New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054. New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pradipta AR, Ahmadi P, Terashima K, Muguruma K, Fujii M, Ichino T, Maeda S, Tanaka K. Targeted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with acrolein for cancer prodrug activation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5438-5449. [PMID: 35340932 PMCID: PMC8873552 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy are often antiproliferative agents that preferentially kill rapidly growing cancer cells. Their mechanism relies mainly on the enhanced proliferation rate of cancer cells and is not genuinely selective for cancer cells. Therefore, these drugs can also significantly affect healthy cells. Prodrug therapy provides an alternative approach using a less cytotoxic form of anticancer drug. It involves the synthesis of inactive drug derivatives which are converted to an active form inside the body and, preferably, only at the site of cancerous tissues, thereby reducing adverse drug reaction (ADR) events. Herein, we demonstrate a prodrug activation strategy by utilizing the reaction between aryl azide and endogenous acrolein. Since acrolein is generally overproduced by most cancer cells, we anticipate our strategy as a starting point for further applications in mouse models with various cancers. Furthermore, cancer drugs that have had therapeutic index challenges might be reconsidered for application by utilizing our strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambara R Pradipta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-1098 Saitama Japan
| | - Peni Ahmadi
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-1098 Saitama Japan
| | - Kazuki Terashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyohei Muguruma
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoko Fujii
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoya Ichino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita 060-0815 Sapporo Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita 060-0815 Sapporo Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-1098 Saitama Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Zarabi A, Hushmandi K, Moghadam ER, Hashemi F, Daneshi S, Hashemi F, Tavakol S, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Dudha N, Garg M. C-Myc Signaling Pathway in Treatment and Prevention of Brain Tumors. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:2-20. [PMID: 33069197 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201016121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several factors such as the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), sensitive location in the brain, and unique biological features challenge the treatment of brain tumors. The conventional drugs are no longer effective in the treatment of brain tumors, and scientists are trying to find novel therapeutics for brain tumors. In this way, identification of molecular pathways can facilitate finding an effective treatment. c-Myc is an oncogene signaling pathway capable of regulation of biological processes such as apoptotic cell death, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and so on. These pleiotropic effects of c-Myc have resulted in much fascination with its role in different cancers, particularly brain tumors. In the present review, we aim to demonstrate the upstream and down-stream mediators of c-Myc in brain tumors such as glioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and medulloblastoma. The capacity of c-Myc as a prognostic factor in brain tumors will be investigated. Our goal is to define an axis in which the c-Myc signaling pathway plays a crucial role and to provide direction for therapeutic targeting in these signaling networks in brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Universite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanli, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM. Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of physiotherapy, Faculty of rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Namrata Dudha
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201313, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herrlinger E, Hau M, Redhaber DM, Greve G, Willmann D, Steimle S, Müller M, Lübbert M, Miething CC, Schüle R, Jung M. Nitroreductase-Mediated Release of Inhibitors of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) from Prodrugs in Transfected Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cells. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2329-2347. [PMID: 32227662 PMCID: PMC7497180 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has evolved as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment, especially in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). To approach the challenge of site-specific LSD1 inhibition, we developed an enzyme-prodrug system with the bacterial nitroreductase NfsB (NTR) that was expressed in the virally transfected AML cell line THP1-NTR+ . The cellular activity of the NTR was proven with a new luminescent NTR probe. We synthesised a diverse set of nitroaromatic prodrugs that by design do not affect LSD1 and are reduced by the NTR to release an active LSD1 inhibitor. The emerging side products were differentially analysed using negative controls, thereby revealing cytotoxic effects. The 2-nitroimidazolyl prodrug of a potent LSD1 inhibitor emerged as one of the best prodrug candidates with a pronounced selectivity window between wild-type and transfected THP1 cells. Our prodrugs are selectively activated and release the LSD1 inhibitor locally, proving their suitability for future targeting approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva‐Maria Herrlinger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of FreiburgInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Mirjam Hau
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of FreiburgInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestrasse 1879104FreiburgGermany
| | - Desiree Melanie Redhaber
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationUniversity of Freiburg Medical CenterHugstetter Strasse 5579106FreiburgGermany
| | - Gabriele Greve
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationUniversity of Freiburg Medical CenterHugstetter Strasse 5579106FreiburgGermany
| | - Dominica Willmann
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Freiburg Medical CenterBreisacher Strasse 6679106FreiburgGermany
| | - Simon Steimle
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of FreiburgInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of FreiburgInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationUniversity of Freiburg Medical CenterHugstetter Strasse 5579106FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
| | - Christoph Cornelius Miething
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationUniversity of Freiburg Medical CenterHugstetter Strasse 5579106FreiburgGermany
| | - Roland Schüle
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestrasse 1879104FreiburgGermany
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Freiburg Medical CenterBreisacher Strasse 6679106FreiburgGermany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of FreiburgInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestrasse 1879104FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
| |
Collapse
|