1
|
Barber V, Mielke T, Cartwright J, Díaz-Rodríguez A, Unsworth WP, Grogan G. Unspecific Peroxygenase (UPO) can be Tuned for Oxygenation or Halogenation Activity by Controlling the Reaction pH. Chemistry 2024:e202401706. [PMID: 38700372 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Unspecific Peroxygenases (UPOs) are increasingly significant enzymes for selective oxygenations as they are stable, highly active and catalyze their reactions at the expense of only hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Their structural similarity to chloroperoxidase (CPO) means that UPOs can also catalyze halogenation reactions based upon the generation of hypohalous acids from halide and H2O2. Here we show that the halogenation and oxygenation modes of a UPO can be stimulated at different pH values. Using simple aromatic compounds such as thymol, we show that, at a pH of 3.0 and 6.0, either brominated or oxygenated products respectively are produced. Preparative 100 mg scale transformations of substrates were performed with 60-72 % isolated yields of brominated products obtained. A one-pot bromination-oxygenation cascade reaction on 4-ethylanisole, in which the pH was adjusted from 3.0 to 6.0 at the halfway stage, yielded sequentially brominated and oxygenated products 1-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol and 3-bromo-4-methoxy acetophenone with 82 % combined conversion. These results identify UPOs as an unusual example of a biocatalyst that is tunable for entirely different chemical reactions, dependent upon the reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verity Barber
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tamara Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alba Díaz-Rodríguez
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Decembrino D, Cannella D. The thin line between monooxygenases and peroxygenases. P450s, UPOs, MMOs, and LPMOs: A brick to bridge fields of expertise. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108321. [PMID: 38336187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Many scientific fields, although driven by similar purposes and dealing with similar technologies, often appear so isolated and far from each other that even the vocabularies to describe the very same phenomenon might differ. Concerning the vast field of biocatalysis, a special role is played by those redox enzymes that employ oxygen-based chemistry to unlock transformations otherwise possible only with metal-based catalysts. As such, greener chemical synthesis methods and environmentally-driven biotechnological approaches were enabled over the last decades by the use of several enzymes and ultimately resulted in the first industrial applications. Among what can be called today the environmental biorefinery sector, biomass transformation, greenhouse gas reduction, bio-gas/fuels production, bioremediation, as well as bulk or fine chemicals and even pharmaceuticals manufacturing are all examples of fields in which successful prototypes have been demonstrated employing redox enzymes. In this review we decided to focus on the most prominent enzymes (MMOs, LPMO, P450 and UPO) capable of overcoming the ∼100 kcal mol-1 barrier of inactivated CH bonds for the oxyfunctionalization of organic compounds. Harnessing the enormous potential that lies within these enzymes is of extreme value to develop sustainable industrial schemes and it is still deeply coveted by many within the aforementioned fields of application. Hence, the ambitious scope of this account is to bridge the current cutting-edge knowledge gathered upon each enzyme. By creating a broad comparison, scientists belonging to the different fields may find inspiration and might overcome obstacles already solved by the others. This work is organised in three major parts: a first section will be serving as an introduction to each one of the enzymes regarding their structural and activity diversity, whereas a second one will be encompassing the mechanistic aspects of their catalysis. In this regard, the machineries that lead to analogous catalytic outcomes are depicted, highlighting the major differences and similarities. Finally, a third section will be focusing on the elements that allow the oxyfunctionalization chemistry to occur by delivering redox equivalents to the enzyme by the action of diverse redox partners. Redox partners are often overlooked in comparison to the catalytic counterparts, yet they represent fundamental elements to better understand and further develop practical applications based on mono- and peroxygenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Decembrino
- Photobiocatalysis Unit - Crop Production and Biostimulation Lab (CPBL), and Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - David Cannella
- Photobiocatalysis Unit - Crop Production and Biostimulation Lab (CPBL), and Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan X, Zhang X, Li H, Deng D, Guo Z, Kang L, Li A. Engineering of Unspecific Peroxygenases Using a Superfolder-Green-Fluorescent-Protein-Mediated Secretion System in Escherichia coli. JACS AU 2024; 4:1654-1663. [PMID: 38665664 PMCID: PMC11040664 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), secreted by fungi, demonstrate versatility in catalyzing challenging selective oxyfunctionalizations. However, the number of peroxygenases and corresponding variants with tailored selectivity for a broader substrate scope is still limited due to the lack of efficient engineering strategies. In this study, a new unspecific peroxygenase from Coprinopsis marcescibilis (CmaUPO) is identified and characterized. To enhance or reverse the enantioselectivity of wildtype (WT) CmaUPO catalyzed asymmetric hydroxylation of ethylbenzene, CmaUPO was engineered using an efficient superfolder-green-fluorescent-protein (sfGFP)-mediated secretion system in Escherichia coli. Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) was used to target the residual sites lining the substrate tunnel, resulting in two variants: T125A/A129G and T125A/A129V/A247H/T244A/F243G. The two variants greatly improved the enantioselectivities [21% ee (R) for WT], generating the (R)-1-phenylethanol or (S)-1-phenylethanol as the main product with 99% ee (R) and 84% ee (S), respectively. The sfGFP-mediated secretion system in E. coli demonstrates applicability for different UPOs (AaeUPO, CciUPO, and PabUPO-I). Therefore, this developed system provides a robust platform for heterologous expression and enzyme engineering of UPOs, indicating great potential for their sustainable and efficient applications in various chemical transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Di Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,
School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,
School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,
School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,
School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Shen Q, Zhou X, Duan P, Hollmann F, Huang Y, Zhang W. Peroxygenase-Catalysed Sulfoxidations in Non-Aqueous Media. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301321. [PMID: 37948039 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chiral sulfoxides are valuable building blocks in asymmetric synthesis. However, the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral sulfoxides is still challenged by low product titres. Herein, we report the use of peroxygenase as a catalyst for asymmetric sulfoxidation under non-aqueous conditions. Upon covalent immobilisation, the peroxygenase showed stability and activity under neat reaction conditions. A large variety of sulfides was converted into chiral sulfoxides in very high product concentration with moderate to satisfactory optical purity (e. g. 626 mM of (R)-methyl phenyl sulfoxide in approx. 89 % ee in 48 h). Further polishing of the ee value via cascading methionine reductase A (MsrA) gave>99 % ee of the sulfoxide. The robustness of the enzymes and high product titer is superior to the state-of-the-art methodologies. Gram-scale synthesis has been demonstrated. Overall, we demonstrated a practical and facile catalytic method to synthesize chiral sulfoxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Peigao Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yawen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmitz F, Röder A, Hoffrogge M, Urlacher VB, Koschorreck K. Agar plate-based activity assay for easy and fast screening of recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing unspecific peroxygenases. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300421. [PMID: 38044796 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are promising biocatalysts that catalyze oxyfunctionalization reactions without the need for costly cofactors. Pichia pastoris (reclassified as Komagataella phaffii) is considered an attractive host for heterologous expression of UPOs. However, integration of UPO-expression cassettes into the genome via a single cross-over yields recombinant Pichia transformants with different UPO gene copy numbers resulting in different expression levels. Selection of the most productive Pichia transformants by a commonly used screening in liquid medium in 96-well plates is laborious and lasts up to 5 days. In this work, we developed a simple two-step agar plate-based assay to screen P. pastoris transformants for UPO activity with less effort, within shorter time, and without automated screening devices. After cell growth and protein expression on agar plates supplemented with methanol and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), an additional top agar layer supplemented with ABTS and peroxide is added. UPO activity is visualized within 15 min by formation of green zones around UPO-secreting P. pastoris transformants. The assay was validated with two UPOs, AbrUPO from Aspergillus brasiliensis and evolved PaDa-I from Agrocybe aegerita. The assay results were confirmed in a quantitative 96-deep well plate screening in liquid medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Röder
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maike Hoffrogge
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja Koschorreck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|