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Bolton JL, Short AK, Othy S, Kooiker CL, Shao M, Gunn BG, Beck J, Bai X, Law SM, Savage JC, Lambert JJ, Belelli D, Tremblay MÈ, Cahalan MD, Baram TZ. Early stress-induced impaired microglial pruning of excitatory synapses on immature CRH-expressing neurons provokes aberrant adult stress responses. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110600. [PMID: 35354026 PMCID: PMC9014810 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mental illnesses, characterized by aberrant stress reactivity, often arise after early-life adversity (ELA). However, it is unclear how ELA affects stress-related brain circuit maturation, provoking these enduring vulnerabilities. We find that ELA increases functional excitatory synapses onto stress-sensitive hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons, resulting from disrupted developmental synapse pruning by adjacent microglia. Microglial process dynamics and synaptic element engulfment were attenuated in ELA mice, associated with deficient signaling of the microglial phagocytic receptor MerTK. Accordingly, selective chronic chemogenetic activation of ELA microglia increased microglial process dynamics and reduced excitatory synapse density to control levels. Notably, selective early-life activation of ELA microglia normalized adult acute and chronic stress responses, including stress-induced hormone secretion and behavioral threat responses, as well as chronic adrenal hypertrophy of ELA mice. Thus, microglial actions during development are powerful contributors to mechanisms by which ELA sculpts the connectivity of stress-regulating neurons, promoting vulnerability to stress and stress-related mental illnesses. Early-life adversity (ELA) promotes lifelong aberrant stress responses and vulnerability to mental illnesses. Bolton et al. identify poor dynamics and hypothalamic CRH neurons’ excitatory synapse pruning of ELA microglia, implicating microglial MerTK. Chronic chemogenetic activation of ELA microglia normalized process dynamics, synapse density, and adult hormonal and behavioral stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Annabel K Short
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Kooiker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Manlin Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin G Gunn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Dundee University, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jaclyn Beck
- Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xinglong Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Law
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Julie C Savage
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Dundee University, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Dundee University, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Ye P, Ge K, Li M, Yang L, Jin S, Zhang C, Chen X, Geng Z. Egg-laying and brooding stage-specific hormonal response and transcriptional regulation in pituitary of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). Poult Sci 2020; 98:5287-5296. [PMID: 31376351 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Broodiness is an interesting topic in reproductive biology for its reduced egg production. The strong brooding trait of Muscovy duck has become a major factor restricting the development of its industry. Broody phenotype and environmental factors influencing broodiness in poultry have been extensively studied, but the molecular regulation mechanism of broodiness remains unclear. In this research, the Muscovy duck reproductive endocrine hormones and pituitary transcriptome profiles during egg-laying phases (LP) and brooding phases (BP) were studied. During BP (n = 19), prolactin (PRL) levels was higher, while progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were lower as compared to ducks during their LP (n = 20) (P < 0.01). We then examined the pituitary transcriptome of Muscovy duck at the 2 reproductive stages. A total of 398 differentially expressed genes included 20 transcription factors were identified (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < 0.01). There were 109 upregulated and 289 downregulated genes at brooding phases (n = 6) compared with egg-laying phases (n = 6). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis was carried out to verify the transcriptome results. The present study suggested that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and response to steroid hormones biological process are critical for controlling broodiness in the ducks. Further analysis revealed that SHH, PTGS2, RLN3, and transcription factor AP-1 may act as central signal modulators of hormonal and behavioral regulation mechanism associated with broodiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China.,College of biological and pharmaceutical engineering, West Anhui University, Liuan 237012, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Sihua Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui province key laboratory of local livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation and bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Sheng H, Ni X. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Suppresses Synapse Formation in the Hippocampus of Male Rats via Inhibition of CXCL5 Secretion by Glia. Endocrinology 2018; 159:622-638. [PMID: 29126185 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is believed to play a critical role in stress-induced synaptic formation and modification. In the current study, we explored the mechanisms underlying CRH modulation of synaptic formation in the hippocampus by using various models in vitro. In cultured hippocampal slices, CRH treatment decreased synapsin I and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) levels via CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1). In isolated hippocampal neurons, however, it increased synapsin I-labeled presynaptic terminals and PSD95-labeled postsynaptic terminals via CRHR1. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of CRH on synapsin I-labeled and PSD95-labeled terminals occurred in the model of neuron-glia cocultures. These effects were prevented by CRHR1 antagonist. Moreover, treatment of the neurons with the media of CRH-treated glia led to a decrease in synaptic terminal formation. The media collected from CRH-treated glial cells with CRHR1 knockdown did not show an inhibitory effect on synaptic terminals in hippocampal neurons. Unbiased cytokine array coupled with confirmatory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that CRH suppressed C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) production in glia via CRHR1. Administration of CXCL5 reversed the inhibitory effects of CRH-treated glia culture media on synaptic formation. Our data suggest that CRH suppresses synapse formation through inhibition of CXCL5 secretion from glia in the hippocampus. Our study indicates that glia-neuron intercommunication is one of the mechanisms responsible for neuronal circuit remodeling during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Gao CX, Wang YP, Ma KT, Li L, Yin JW, Dai ZG, Wang S, Si JQ. The association between the expression of PAR2 and TMEM16A and neuropathic pain. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3744-3750. [PMID: 29257338 PMCID: PMC5802179 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve may induce dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal hyperexcitability and behaviorally expressed hyperalgesia. CCI is a model of neuropathic pain. To investigate the association between the expression of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2), TMEM16A and neuropathic pain, the expression of PAR2 and TMEM16A proteins in the DRG neurons of rats following CCI of the sciatic nerve was investigated. Following the creation of the CCI model, the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) was examined by a hot plate test. An immunofluorescence assay and western blot assay were performed to determine the expression of PAR2 and TMEM16A proteins in the ipsilateral L4–6 DRG neurons. The concentration of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) in the L4–6 DRG was determined by ELISA. In the CCI-D7 (7 days after CCI) and CCI-D14 (14 days after CCI) treatment groups, the TWL of rats was significantly shorter than that in the sham operated group (P<0.01; n=12). The expression of PAR2 and TMEM16A proteins in the CCI-D7 and CCI-D14 groups were significantly upregulated compared with the sham operated group (P<0.05; n=12). Additionally, it was revealed that PAR2 and TMEM16A were co-expressed in DRG neurons. It was also observed that IP3 significantly increased in the CCI-D7 and CCI-D14 groups compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05; n=6) as PAR2 and TMEM16A also increased. These findings suggest that the upregulation of PAR2 and TMEM16A in DRG neurons, the co-expression of the two proteins and increasing IP3 are critical to the development of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Xiang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Houbo College, Xinjiang Medical University, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Electrophysiological Laboratory, Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Electrophysiological Laboratory, Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Wen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Electrophysiological Laboratory, Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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Mrozkova P, Palecek J, Spicarova D. The role of protease-activated receptor type 2 in nociceptive signaling and pain. Physiol Res 2016; 65:357-67. [PMID: 27070742 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family, that are expressed in many body tissues especially in different epithelial cells, mast cells and also in neurons and astrocytes. PARs play different physiological roles according to the location of their expression. Increased evidence supports the importance of PARs activation during nociceptive signaling and in the development of chronic pain states. This short review focuses on the role of PAR2 receptors in nociceptive transmission with the emphasis on the modulation at the spinal cord level. PAR2 are cleaved and subsequently activated by endogenous proteases such as tryptase and trypsin. In vivo, peripheral and intrathecal administration of PAR2 agonists induces thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity that is thought to be mediated by PAR2-induced release of pronociceptive neuropeptides and modulation of different receptors. PAR2 activation leads also to sensitization of transient receptor potential channels (TRP) that are crucial for nociceptive signaling and modulation. PAR2 receptors may play an important modulatory role in the development and maintenance of different pathological pain states and could represent a potential target for new analgesic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mrozkova
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Arrigoni F, Romaniello R, Peruzzo D, Righini A, Parazzini C, Colombo P, Bassi MT, Triulzi F, Borgatti R. Aberrant supracallosal longitudinal bundle: MR features, pathogenesis and associated clinical phenotype. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2587-96. [PMID: 26560723 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the MRI and structural features of a peculiar malformation of the corpus callosum (CC) in a group of young patients with intellectual disability. METHODS We studied with conventional MRI and DTI a group of subjects showing an aberrant supracallosal bundle, characterized by the presence of a triangle-shaped bulging above the dorsal surface of CC on the midline. Clinical evaluations, CGH-array and instrumental analysis were also collected. RESULTS Among 85 patients with malformed CC, we identified 15 subjects that showed the supracallosal bundle. The CC was thickened in five cases, long and thinned in three cases, short and thinned in three cases and it had a "ribbon-like" appearance in four subjects. Additional brain anomalies were present in eight cases. DTI colour maps and tractography showed that the bundle had an antero-posterior longitudinal orientation and that the tract bifurcated posteriorly, ending in the posterior hippocampi. Patients had different combinations of neurological symptoms, but all showed mild or severe intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS Combining radiological and genetic data with embryological knowledge of the development of cerebral commissures, we hypothesize that the supracallosal bundle represents a vestigial structure, the dorsal fornix, present during fetal life. Its persistence is associated with intellectual disability. KEY POINTS • An aberrant longitudinal bundle can be detected above corpus callosum. • The presence of the supracallosal bundle is associated with intellectual disability. • The supracallosal bundle may represent a persistent dorsal fornix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via don Luigi Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Denis Peruzzo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via don Luigi Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children Hospital V. Buzzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children Hospital V. Buzzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Colombo
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Antagonist Potentiates Analgesic Effects of Systemic Morphine in a Rat Model of Bone Cancer Pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2015; 40:158-65. [DOI: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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PAR2-mediated upregulation of BDNF contributes to central sensitization in bone cancer pain. Mol Pain 2014; 10:28. [PMID: 24886294 PMCID: PMC4027994 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone cancer pain is currently a major clinical challenge for the management of cancer patients, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the spinal sensitization remain unclear. While several studies demonstrated the critical role of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR2) in the pathogenesis of several types of inflammatory or neuropathic pain, the involvement of spinal PAR2 and the pertinent signaling in the central sensitization is not determined yet in the rodent model of bone cancer pain. Findings Implantation of tumor cells into the tibias induced significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, and enhanced glutamatergic strength in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was detected in the dorsal horn, and blockade of spinal BDNF signaling attenuated the enhancement of glutamatergic strength, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the rats with bone cancer pain. Significantly increased spinal PAR2 expression was also observed, and inhibition of PAR2 signaling ameliorated BDNF upsurge, enhanced glutamatergic strength, and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway, the downstream of PAR2 signaling, also significantly decreased the spinal BDNF expression, glutamatergic strength of dorsal horn neurons, and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that activation of PAR2 triggered NF-κB signaling and significantly upregulated the BDNF function, which critically contributed to the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in spinal dorsal horn and thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the rats with bone cancer. This indicated that PAR2 - NF-κB signaling might become a novel target for the treatment of pain in patients with bone cancer.
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