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Lin L, Liu Y, Tang R, Ding S, Lin H, Li H. Evodiamine: A Extremely Potential Drug Development Candidate of Alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:9843-9870. [PMID: 39345907 PMCID: PMC11430234 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s459510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is a tryptamine indole alkaloid and the main active ingredient in Evodia rutaecarpa. In recent years, the antitumor, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of EVO have been reported. EVO exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting tumor cell activity and proliferation, blocking the cell cycle, promoting apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibiting the formation of the tumor microvasculature. However, EVO has poor solubility and low bioavailability. Several derivatives with high antitumor activity have been discovered through the structural optimization of EVO, and new drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the solubility and bioavailability of EVO. Current research found that EVO could have toxic effects, such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiac toxicity. This article reviews the pharmacological activity, derivatives, drug delivery systems, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of EVO and provides research ideas and references for its further in-depth development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- Institute Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruying Tang
- Institute Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilan Ding
- Institute Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Ballav S, Ranjan A, Basu S. Partial Activation of PPAR-γ by Synthesized Quercetin Derivatives Modulates TGF-β1-Induced EMT in Lung Cancer Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300037. [PMID: 37042092 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a very low survival rate due to poor response to chemotherapy and late detection. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a major contributor to drive metastasis during NSCLC progression. Towards this, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is the key driver that endows cancer cells with increased aggressiveness. Recently, this group synthesized a series of Schiff base quercetin derivatives (QDs) and ascertained their effectiveness on EMT markers of A549 cell line. This study evidenced that the EMT process is counteracted via the partial activation of a nuclear hormone receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ through QDs. Here, that work is extended to investigate the interplay between PPAR-γ partial activation and TGF-β1-induced EMT in human lung cancer A549 cells. The results reveal that TGF-β1 plays a critical role in suppressing PPAR-γ, which is markedly reversed and increased by partial agonists: QUE2FH and QUESH at both protein and transcriptional levels. The partial agonists not only stimulate PPAR-γ in a balanced manner but also prevent the loss of E-cadherin and acquisition of TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal markers (Snail, Slug, Vimentin, and Zeb-1). Subsequently, the effects are accompanied by attenuation of TGF-β1-induced migratory ability of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ballav
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 033, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 033, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 033, India
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Liang Z, Wang Y, Zhang H, Deng J, Lei F, Li J, Shi T, Wang S, Li R, Wang Z. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of favorable evodiamine derivative scaffold for developing cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114530. [PMID: 35728506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural product evodiamine is one of the most privileged scaffolds in drug discovery and is suitable for derivatization, which can be conducted quickly for structure optimization and structure-activity relationship research. In this work, a comprehensive SAR study on evodiamine scaffold with N14-3'-fluorophenyl substituted was completed, and compounds with high anti-tumor activity and good inhibitory effect on Top1 and Top2 were screened out. Tested evodiamine derivatives exhibited excellent broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity. Among them, compound 8b revealed 55.15% and 55.50% inhibition for Top1 and Top2 at 25 μM, as well as 0.16 and 0.13 μM IC50 value for MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells, respectively; compound 9a revealed 70.50% and 71.81% inhibition for Top1 and Top2 at 25 μM, as well as 0.22 and 0.27 μM IC50 value for MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells, respectively. The further biological evaluation showed that they could functionally induce apoptosis, significantly arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and markedly inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, compound 9a performed a tumor inhibitory rate of 36.35% and showed no apparent toxicity in vivo. Overall, these optimized protocols will advance the progression of cancer chemotherapy and can be used to expand the options for screening therapeutic cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiedan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fang Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junfang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Ranhui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Xu H, Wu T, Huang L. Therapeutic and delivery strategies of phytoconstituents for renal fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113911. [PMID: 34358538 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases endangering human health and life. By 2030, 14 per 100,000 people may die from CKD. Renal fibrosis (RF) is an important intermediate link and the final pathological change during CKD progression to the terminal stage. Therefore, identifying safe and effective treatment methods for RF has become an important goal. In 2018, the World Health Organization introduced traditional Chinese medicine into its effective global medical program. Various phytoconstituents that affect the RF process have been extracted from different plants. Here, we review the potential therapeutic capabilities of active phytoconstituents in RF treatment and discuss how phytoconstituents can be structurally modified or combined with other ingredients to enhance efficiency and reduce toxicity. We also summarize phytoconstituent delivery strategies to overcome renal barriers and improve bioavailability and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Wei Z, Zou H, Liu G, Song C, Tang C, Chen S, Zhang G, Ran J, Wang Y, Yin X, Cai Y, Han W. Peroxidase-mimicking evodiamine/indocyanine green nanoliposomes for multimodal imaging-guided theranostics for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2144-2157. [PMID: 33511313 PMCID: PMC7810628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, evodiamine (EVO) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were integrated into a liposomal nanoplatform for noninvasive diagnostic imaging and combinatorial therapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EVO, as an active component extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, not only functioned as an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent but was also capable of 68Ga-chelation, thus working as a contrast agent for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Moreover, EVO could exhibit peroxidase-like catalytic activity, converting endogenous tumor H2O2 into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), enabling Chemo catalytic therapy beyond the well-known chemotherapy effect of EVO. As proven by in vitro and in vivo experiments, guided by optical imaging and PET/CT imaging, we show that the theragnostic liposomes have a significant inhibiting effect on in situ tongue tumor through photodynamic therapy combined with chemodynamic chemotherapy.
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Key Words
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- CAT, Catalase Activity
- CDT, Chemodynamic therapy
- DI water, deionized water
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- EVO, evodiamine
- Evodiamine
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FI, fluorescence imaging
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- ICG, indocyanine green
- NIR, Near-infrared
- OSCC, Oral squamous cell carcinoma
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma
- PBS, polarization beam splitter
- PDT, Photodynamic therapy
- PET/CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography
- Peroxidase-mimicking
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, Sprague-Dawley
- SOSG, singlet oxygen sensor green
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- TMB, tetramethylbenzidine
- Trimodal antitumor therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Gongyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanchao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jianchuan Ran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiteng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
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Sun Q, Xie L, Song J, Li X. Evodiamine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preparation researches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113164. [PMID: 32738391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evodia rutaecarpa, a well-known herb medicine in China, is extensively applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The plant has the effects of dispersing cold and relieving pain, arresting vomiting, and helping Yang and stopping diarrhea. Modern research demonstrates that evodiamine, the main component of Evodia rutaecarpa, is the material basis for its efficacy. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This paper is primarily addressed to summarize the current studies on evodiamine. The progress in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, preparation researches and clinical application are reviewed. Moreover, outlooks and directions for possible future studies concerning it are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information of this systematic review was conducted with resources of multiple literature databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library and so on, with employing a combination of keywords including "pharmacology", "toxicology", "pharmacokinetics" and "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: As the main component of Evodia rutaecarpa, evodiamine shows considerable pharmacological activities, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, heart protection and metabolic disease regulation. However, it is also found that it has significant hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, thereby it should be monitored in clinical. In addition, available data demonstrate that the evodiamine has a needy solubility in aqueous medium. Scientific and reasonable pharmaceutical strategies should be introduced to improve the above defects. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made to develop novel efficient and low toxic derivatives. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the results from current studies of evodiamine, which is one of the valuable medicinal ingredients from Evodia rutaecarpa. With the assistance of relevant pharmacological investigation, some conventional application and problems in pharmaceutical field have been researched in recent years. In addition, unresolved issues include toxic mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, novel pharmaceutical researches and relationship between residues and intestinal environment, which are still being explored and excavate before achieving integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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An Indole Alkaloid Extracted from Evodia rutaecarpa Inhibits Colonic Motility of Rats In Vitro. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8610653. [PMID: 32328100 PMCID: PMC7157783 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8610653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (Evo) is an indole alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa. Evo may regulate gastrointestinal motility, but the evidence is insufficient, and the mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Evo on colonic motility of rats and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Rat colonic muscle was exposed to Evo (10 and 100 μM) followed by immunohistochemistry of cholecystokinin receptor 1 (CCK1R). Muscle contractions were studied in an organ bath system to determine whether CCK1R, nitric oxide (NO), and enteric neurons are involved in the relaxant effect of Evo. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to detect L-type calcium currents (ICa,L) in isolated colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). CCK1R was observed in SMCs, intermuscular neurons, and mucosa of rat colon. Evo could inhibit spontaneous muscle contractions; NO synthase, inhibitor L-NAME CCK1R antagonist, could partly block this effect, while the enteric neurons may not play a major role. Evo inhibited the peak ICa,L in colonic SMCs at a membrane potential of 0 mV. The current-voltage (I–V) relationship of L-type calcium channels was modified by Evo, while the peak of the I–V curve remained at 0 mV. Furthermore, Evo inhibited the activation of L-type calcium channels and decreased the peak ICa,L. The relaxant effect of Evo on colonic muscle is associated with the inhibition of L-type calcium channels. The enteric neurons, NO, and CCK1R may be partly related to the inhibitory effect of Evo on colonic motility. This study provides the first evidence that evodiamine can regulate colonic motility in rats by mediating calcium homeostasis in smooth muscle cells. These data form a theoretical basis for the clinical application of evodiamine for treatment of gastrointestinal motility diseases.
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Liu Y, Chen S, Liu J, Jin Y, Yu S, An R. Telmisartan inhibits oxalate and calcium oxalate crystal-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation via PPAR-γ-AKT/STAT3/p38 MAPK-Snail pathway. Life Sci 2019; 241:117108. [PMID: 31786192 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Telmisartan (TLM), a highly selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) and partial PPAR-γ agonist, has versatile beneficial effects against oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory responses and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, its underlying mechanism of inhibiting oxalate and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced EMT by activating the PPAR-γ pathway remains unclear. MAIN METHODS CCK-8 assays were used to evaluate the effects of TLM on cell viability. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by the cell-permeable fluorogenic probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the migration ability of HK2 cells exposed to oxalate. Moreover, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to examine the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and α-SMA and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in HK2 cells and a stone-forming rat model. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that TLM treatment could protect HK2 cells from oxalate-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress injury. Additionally, TLM prevented EMT induction by oxalate and CaOx crystals via the PPAR-γ-AKT/STAT3/p38 MAPK-Snail pathway in vitro and in vivo. However, knockdown of PPAR-γ with small interfering RNA or the PPAR-γ-specific antagonist GW9662 abrogated these protective effects of TLM. SIGNIFICANCE As a PPAR-γ agonist, TLM can ameliorate oxalate and CaOx crystal-induced EMT by exerting an antioxidant effect through the PPAR-γ-AKT/STAT3/p38 MAPK-Snail signaling pathway. Therefore, TLM can block EMT progression and could be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating calcium oxalate urolithiasis formation and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yinshan Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiliang Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Huang C, Wu XF, Wang XL. Trichostatin a inhibits phenotypic transition and induces apoptosis of the TAF-treated normal colonic epithelial cells through regulation of TGF-β pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105565. [PMID: 31278993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) contribute to transdifferentiation of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a procedure of phenotypic remodeling of epithelial cells and extensively exists in local tumoral stroma. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Tricostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (SB) are reported to play important roles in the regulation of biological behaviour of cancer cells. However, whether TSA or SB is involved in control of EMT in colon epithelial cells induced by TAFs remains unidentified. In present study, we used conditioned medium (CM) form TAF-like CCD-18Co cells to stimulate 2D- and 3D-cultured colon epithelial HCoEpiC cells for 24 h and 4 d. We found that the CCD-18Co CM triggered multiple morphological changes in HCoEpiCs including prolonged cell diameters, down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin and α-SMA. Besides, ZEB1 and Snail expression and migration were also promoted by the CM. These phenomena were abolised by 5 μg/ml LY364947, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. CCD-18Co induced up-regulation of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the 2D and 3D models, while no change of HDAC4 exprerssion was found. Treatment of 2 μg/ml TSA reversed the CCD-18Co-induced morphological changes and migration of the HCoEpiCs, and suppressed the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin, α-SMA, ZEB1 and Snail. However, the suppressive effect of 4 mg/ml SB on the EMT was not observed. TSA down-regulated the expressions of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 amd HDAC4. Besides, TSA promoted the apoptosis rate (36.84 ± 6.52%) comparing with the CCD-18Co-treated HCoEpiCs (3.52 ± 0.85%, P < 0.05), with promotion of Bax (0.5893±0.0498 in 2D and 0.8867±0.0916 in 3D) and reduction of Bcl-2 (0.0476±0.0053 in 2D and 0.0294±0.0075 in 3D). TSA stimulated expression of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK in 2D (0.3472±0.0249) and 3D (0.3188±0.0248). After pre-treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-702 (0.5 mg/ml), the apoptosis rate of TSA was decreased in 2D (10.32%) and 3D (5.26%). Our observations demonstrate that epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitor TSA may be a useful therapeutic tool for the reversion of TAF-induced EMT in colon epithelium through mediating canonical Smads pathway and non-canonical p38 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Xiao-Fen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Wang
- Health Management Centre, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shenzhen, Traditional Chinese Medicine University Of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, 518100, China
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Feng YL, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Small molecule inhibitors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for the treatment of cancer and fibrosis. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:54-78. [PMID: 31131921 DOI: 10.1002/med.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis and cancer both lead to high morbidity and mortality worldwide; thus, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Because drug resistance has been widely reported in fibrotic tissue and cancer, developing a strategy to discover novel targets for targeted drug intervention is necessary for the effective treatment of fibrosis and cancer. Although many factors lead to fibrosis and cancer, pathophysiological analysis has demonstrated that tissue fibrosis and cancer share a common process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with many mediators, including transcription factors (Snail, zinc-finger E-box-binding protein and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), signaling pathways (transforming growth factor-β1, RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor-kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Notch, and RAS), RNA-binding proteins (ESRP1 and ESRP2) and microRNAs. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT may be a promising therapy against both fibrosis and tumors. A large number of compounds that are synthesized or derived from natural products and their derivatives suppress the EMT by targeting these mediators in fibrosis and cancer. By targeting EMT, these compounds exhibited anticancer effects in multiple cancer types, and some of them also showed antifibrotic effects. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT not only have both antifibrotic and anticancer effects but also exert effective therapeutic effects on multiorgan fibrosis and cancer, which provides effective therapy against fibrosis and cancer. Taken together, the results highlighted in this review provide new concepts for discovering new antifibrotic and antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Wang XL, Huang C. Difference of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of normal colonic epithelial cells induced by tumor-associated fibroblasts and colon cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2749-2759. [PMID: 30835040 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) crucially functions in tumor initiation and progression. Stroma-tumor interactions and cellular transdifferentiation are the prerequisite for tumor formation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a major cytokine secreted by tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) and cancer cells, is a crucial player involving cell transdifferentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that these TAFs and cancer cells also affect normal colon epithelium. In our study, we found for the first time that colon cancer cells HCT116 and TAF-like CCD-18Co cells induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like transdifferentiation in colon epithelial cells HCoEpiCs, with enhanced migratio. Dysfunction of TGF-β/Smads signal was also observed in the EMT-transformed HCoEpiCs. We wondered whether these phenomena were regulated by TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. A TGFβ receptor kinase I (TβRI) inhibitor LY364947 was used. We found that the EMT induced by the HCT116- and CCD-18Co-derived CM was suppressed by the LY364947. Besides, different expression profiles for the components of TGF-β/Smads pathway were found in the EMT-like HCoEpiCs, but high expression of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 was the common feature. Our observations suggest that the mechanisms of phenotypic transition of colon epithelial cells are cellular environment-dependent, which maybe a basis of potential therapy targeting TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lian Wang
- Community Health Service Center, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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12
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Huang C, Tao L, Wang X, Pang Z. Berberine reversed the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of normal colonic epithelial cells induced by SW480 cells through regulating the important components in the TGF‐β pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11679-11691. [PMID: 30536375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Sun Yat‐Sen Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Liang Tao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Sun Yat‐Sen Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiu‐lian Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Bao’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shenzhen, Traditional Chinese Medicine University Of Guangzhou Shenzhen China
| | - Zuoliang Pang
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Bao’an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University Shenzhen China
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13
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Yang W, Gong X, Wang X, Huang C. A mediator of phosphorylated Smad2/3, evodiamine, in the reversion of TAF-induced EMT in normal colonic epithelial cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:865-875. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Yu Y, Du H, Wei S, Feng L, Li J, Yao F, Zhang M, Hatch GM, Chen L. Adipocyte-Derived Exosomal MiR-27a Induces Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle Through Repression of PPARγ. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2171-2188. [PMID: 29721071 PMCID: PMC5928879 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which adipocyte-derived endocrine factors promote insulin resistance in skeletal muscle are not fully understood. MiR-27a is highly expressed in sera of obese individuals with prediabetes and T2DM, and mainly derived by adipose tissues. Thus, miR-27a secreted into circulation by adipose tissue may regulate insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Methods: The association between miR-27a and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle was determined in obese children, high-fat diet-induced miR-27a knockdown obese mice, db/db mice and C2C12 cells overexpressing miR-27a. The crosstalk mediated by exosomal miR-27a between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was determined in C2C12 cells incubated with conditioned medium prepared from palmitate-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results: We showed that serum miR-27a level correlated positively with obesity and insulin resistance in obese children, and that elevated serum miR-27a levels correlated with insulin resistance in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, and with obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. MiR-27a released from adipocytes of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice was associated with triglyceride accumulation. MiR-27a derived from these adipocytes induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells through miR-27a-mediated repression of PPARγ and its downstream genes involved in the development of obesity. Conclusions: These results identify a novel crosstalk signaling pathway between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the development of insulin resistance, and indicate that adipose tissue-derived miR-27a may play a key role in the development of obesity-triggered insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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15
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Yuan XL, Zhang P, Liu XM, Du YM, Hou XD, Cheng S, Zhang ZF. Cytological Assessments and Transcriptome Profiling Demonstrate that Evodiamine Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in a Renal Carcinoma Cell Line. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12572. [PMID: 28974748 PMCID: PMC5626725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicines are an important source of secondary metabolites with excellent antitumour activity. Evodia rutaecarpa, from the family Rutaceae, exhibits antitumour activity. Evodiamine (EVO), which was isolated from the fruit of E. rutaecarpa, exhibits robust antitumour activity. However, the antitumour mechanism of EVO remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the growth-inhibiting effect of EVO on two renal carcinoma cell lines. We found that EVO could change the morphology and decrease the viability and proliferation of cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in vitro. In addition, transcriptome analysis indicated that EVO can modulate the transcriptome of Caki-1 cells. In total, 7,243 differentially expressed genes were found, among which 3,347 downregulated genes and 3,896 upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EVO can cause apoptosis, arrest cells in the G2/M phase, and regulate the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes in Caki-1 cells. Our study reveals the anticancer effects of EVO using cellular and molecular data, and indicates the potential uses of this compound as a resource to characterize the antitumour mechanisms of E. rutaecarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Mei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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16
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YIANG GIOUTENG, CHEN JENNI, LIN PEISHIUAN, LIU HSIAOCHUN, CHEN SHUYING, WEI CHYOUWEI. Combined treatment with vitamin E and gefitinib has synergistic effects to inhibit TGF-β1-induced renal fibroblast proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5372-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Sui H, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Huang J, Liu X, Ji Q, Fu X, Wen H, Chen Z, Deng W, Zhu H, Li Q. Evodiamine Suppresses ABCG2 Mediated Drug Resistance by Inhibiting p50/p65 NF‐κB Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1471-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sui
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Li‐Hong Zhou
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Ya‐Li Zhang
- Department of NursingShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Jian‐Ping Huang
- Department of General SurgeryShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Xiao‐Ling Fu
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Hao‐Tian Wen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew York11439
| | - Wan‐Li Deng
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Hui‐Rong Zhu
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical OncologyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
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18
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Tan Q, Zhang J. Evodiamine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:315-328. [PMID: 27771931 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is a major alkaloid compound extracted from the dry unripened fruit Evodiae fructus (Evodia rutaecarpa Benth., Rutaceae). EVO has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-allergenic, analgesic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcerogenic, and neuroprotective activities. EVO has varying efficacies in animal models and humans. Here, the physicochemical properties of EVO are presented, and the EVO's functions and mechanisms of action in various chronic diseases are reviewed. EVO is worth exploring in more depth in the future for its potential use in various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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19
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Ge X, Chen S, Liu M, Liang T, Liu C. Evodiamine Attenuates PDGF-BB-Induced Migration of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Activating PPARγ. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28180-93. [PMID: 26703570 PMCID: PMC4691040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into the intima is a critical process in the development of atherosclerosis. Evodiamine, an indole alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicine evodia, has been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion and protect the cardiovascular system, but its effects on VSMCs remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of evodiamine on the platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMC migration using wound healing and transwell assays, and assessed its role in decreasing the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases and cell adhesion molecules. More importantly, we found that evodiamine activated the expression and nuclear translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Inhibition of PPARγ activity by using its antagonist T0070907 and its specific siRNA oligonucleotides significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of evodiamine on VSMC migration. Taken together, our results indicate a promising anti-atherogenic effect of evodiamine through attenuation of VSMC migration by activating PPARγ.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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20
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Wen Z, Feng S, Wei L, Wang Z, Hong D, Wang Q. Evodiamine, a novel inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, inhibits the self-renewal of gastric cancer stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1657-63. [PMID: 26497016 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) have an important role in metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer, and novel treatment strategies that target GCSCs are urgently required. Although evodiamine (Evo), a derivative of the traditional herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa, has been reported to have various biological effects, its effect on GCSCs remains unknown. In order to determine the effect of Evo on apoptosis of GCSCs, an MTS assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were performed. The effect of Evo on self‑renewal in GCSCs was measured by alterations in the sphere formation ability, the expression of induced‑pluripotent stem cell factors, expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors and oxaliplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells (GCCs). Evo inhibited proliferation, promoted the Bax/B‑cell lymphoma 2 ratio and altered active caspase‑3 expression of GCSCs. In addition, Evo decreased the sphere formation ability, the expression of Sox2, KLF4, Bmi‑1 and Oct4, and oxaliplatin resistance in GCCs. Evo decreased the expression of Slug, Twist, Zeb1 and vimentin, suggesting an inhibitory effect on EMT. Furthermore, the expression of β‑catenin, c‑Myc and cyclin D1 was decreased in Evo‑treated spheroids from GCCs. In conclusion, Evo inhibited the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway to inhibit proliferation and stem cell properties of GCSCs and repressed the EMT. The present findings highlight the prospect of Evo as a CSCs-targeted therapy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shujiong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, The North Branch of Hangzhou First People's Hospital Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Defei Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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21
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Xiao K, Song ZH, Jiao LF, Ke YL, Hu CH. Developmental changes of TGF-β1 and Smads signaling pathway in intestinal adaption of weaned pigs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104589. [PMID: 25170924 PMCID: PMC4149345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning stress caused marked changes in intestinal structure and function. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and canonical Smads signaling pathway are suspected to play an important regulatory role in post-weaning adaptation of the small intestine. In the present study, the intestinal morphology and permeability, developmental expressions of tight junction proteins and TGF-β1 in the intestine of piglets during the 2 weeks after weaning were assessed. The expressions of TGF-β receptor I/II (TβRI, TβRII), smad2/3, smad4 and smad7 were determined to investigate whether canonical smads signaling pathways were involved in early weaning adaption process. The results showed that a shorter villus and deeper crypt were observed on d 3 and d 7 postweaning and intestinal morphology recovered to preweaning values on d 14 postweaning. Early weaning increased (P<0.05) plasma level of diamine oxidase (DAO) and decreased DAO activities (P<0.05) in intestinal mucosa on d 3 and d 7 post-weaning. Compared with the pre-weaning stage (d 0), tight junction proteins level of occludin and claudin-1 were reduced (P<0.05) on d 3, 7 and 14 post-weaning, and ZO-1 protein was reduced (P<0.05) on d 3 and d 7 post-weaning. An increase (P<0.05) of TGF-β1 in intestinal mucosa was observed on d 3 and d 7 and then level down on d 14 post-weaning. Although there was an increase (P<0.05) of TβR II protein expression in the intestinal mucosa on d3 and d 7, no significant increase of mRNA of TβRI, TβRII, smad2/3, smad4 and smad7 was observed during postweaning. The results indicated that TGF-β1 was associated with the restoration of intestinal morphology and barrier function following weaning stress. The increased intestinal endogenous TGF-β1 didn't activate the canonical Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze-He Song
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le-Fei Jiao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lu Ke
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Hong Hu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Bielecka ZF, Czarnecka AM, Szczylik C. Genomic Analysis as the First Step toward Personalized Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2014; 4:194. [PMID: 25120953 PMCID: PMC4110478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still remain elusive. Although most patients initially respond to targeted therapy, acquired resistance can still develop eventually. Most of the patients suffer from intrinsic (genetic) resistance as well, suggesting that there is substantial need to broaden our knowledge in the field of RCC genetics. As molecular abnormalities occur for various reasons, ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large chromosomal defects, conducting whole-genome association studies using high-throughput techniques seems inevitable. In principle, data obtained via genome-wide research should be continued and performed on a large scale for the purposes of drug development and identification of biological pathways underlying cancerogenesis. Genetic alterations are mostly unique for each histological RCC subtype. According to recently published data, RCC is a highly heterogeneous tumor. In this paper, the authors discuss the following: (1) current state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential biomarkers of RCC subtypes; (2) significant obstacles encountered in the translational research on RCC; and (3) recent molecular findings that may have a crucial impact on future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Felicja Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland ; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Małgorzata Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland
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