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Elshaer SL, Park HS, Pearson L, Hill WD, Longo FM, El-Remessy AB. Modulation of p75 NTR on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Their Vascular Protection in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E829. [PMID: 33467640 PMCID: PMC7830385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy to improve vascular repair, yet their role in ischemic retinopathy is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of modulating the neurotrophin receptor; p75NTR on the vascular protection of MSCs in an acute model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Wild type (WT) and p75NTR-/- mice were subjected to I/R injury by increasing intra-ocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 45 min, followed by perfusion. Murine GFP-labeled MSCs (100,000 cells/eye) were injected intravitreally 2 days post-I/R and vascular homing was assessed 1 week later. Acellular capillaries were counted using trypsin digest 10-days post-I/R. In vitro, MSC-p75NTR was modulated either genetically using siRNA or pharmacologically using the p75NTR modulator; LM11A-31, and conditioned media were co-cultured with human retinal endothelial cells (HREs) to examine the angiogenic response. Finally, visual function in mice undergoing retinal I/R and receiving LM11A-31 was assessed by visual-clue water-maze test. I/R significantly increased the number of acellular capillaries (3.2-Fold) in WT retinas, which was partially ameliorated in p75NTR-/- retinas. GFP-MSCs were successfully incorporated and engrafted into retinal vasculature 1 week post injection and normalized the number of acellular capillaries in p75NTR-/- retinas, yet ischemic WT retinas maintained a 2-Fold increase. Silencing p75NTR on GFP-MSCs coincided with a higher number of cells homing to the ischemic WT retinal vasculature and normalized the number of acellular capillaries when compared to ischemic WT retinas receiving scrambled-GFP-MSCs. In vitro, silencing p75NTR-MSCs enhanced their secretome, as evidenced by significant increases in SDF-1, VEGF and NGF release in MSCs conditioned medium; improved paracrine angiogenic response in HREs, where HREs showed enhanced migration (1.4-Fold) and tube formation (2-Fold) compared to controls. In parallel, modulating MSCs-p75NTR using LM11A-31 resulted in a similar improvement in MSCs secretome and the enhanced paracrine angiogenic potential of HREs. Further, intervention with LM11A-31 significantly mitigated the decline in visual acuity post retinal I/R injury. In conclusion, p75NTR modulation can potentiate the therapeutic potential of MSCs to harness vascular repair in ischemic retinopathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L. Elshaer
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laura Pearson
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
| | - William D. Hill
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Frank M. Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Azza B. El-Remessy
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of the Pharmacy, Doctors Hospital of Augusta, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
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Xu L, Li J, Luo Z, Wu Q, Fan W, Yao X, Li Q, Yan H, Wang J. Aβ inhibits mesenchymal stem cell-pericyte transition through MAPK pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:776-781. [PMID: 29939221 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple independent reports have demonstrated pericyte loss in both the hippocampus and cortex in human Alzheimer's disease (AD). The differentiation and recruitment of pericytes are the essential steps in vasculature development. However, the role of amyloid beta (Aβ) in pericyte differentiation has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the interaction between Aβ and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward pericytes in culture. Our results showed that mice overexpressing Aβ-precursor protein (APP/PS1) exhibited the loss of pericytes compared with the control group mice, evidenced by the lack of desmin expression in the cortex of 12-month-old mice. Interestingly, we further found that both Aβ40 and Aβ42 inhibited the expressions of pericyte markers (α-SMA, desmin, and PDGFRβ) in cultured MSCs which can be differentiated into mature pericytes. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of Aβs on MSC-pericyte transition is mediated by the activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signal pathway. These new insights into the roles of Aβ in pericyte differentiation may help to develop more effective strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongqiu Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijia Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
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Rustenhoven J, Smyth LC, Jansson D, Schweder P, Aalderink M, Scotter EL, Mee EW, Faull RLM, Park TIH, Dragunow M. Modelling physiological and pathological conditions to study pericyte biology in brain function and dysfunction. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:6. [PMID: 29471788 PMCID: PMC5824614 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain pericytes ensheathe the endothelium and contribute to formation and maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier. Additionally, pericytes are involved in several aspects of the CNS immune response including scarring, adhesion molecule expression, chemokine secretion, and phagocytosis. In vitro cultures are routinely used to investigate these functions of brain pericytes, however, these are highly plastic cells and can display differing phenotypes and functional responses depending on their culture conditions. Here we sought to investigate how two commonly used culture media, high serum containing DMEM/F12 and low serum containing Pericyte Medium (ScienCell), altered the phenotype of human brain pericytes and neuroinflammatory responses. METHODS Pericytes were isolated from adult human brain biopsy tissue and cultured in DMEM/F12 (D-pericytes) or Pericyte Medium (P-pericytes). Immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR, and EdU incorporation were used to determine how this altered their basal phenotype, including the expression of pericyte markers, proliferation, and cell morphology. To determine whether culture media altered the inflammatory response in human brain pericytes, immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR, cytometric bead arrays, and flow cytometry were used to investigate transcription factor induction, chemokine secretion, adhesion molecule expression, migration, phagocytosis, and response to inflammatory-related growth factors. RESULTS P-pericytes displayed elevated proliferation and a distinct bipolar morphology compared to D-pericytes. Additionally, P-pericytes displayed lower expression of pericyte-associated markers NG2, PDGFRβ, and fibronectin, with notably lower αSMA, CD146, P4H and desmin, and higher Col-IV expression. Nuclear NF-kB translocation in response to IL-1β stimulation was observed in both cultures, however, P-pericytes displayed elevated expression of the transcription factor C/EBPδ, and lower expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. P-pericytes displayed elevated phagocytic and migratory ability. Both cultures responded similarly to stimulation by the growth factors TGFβ1 and PDGF-BB. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in their phenotype and magnitude of response, both P-pericytes and D-pericytes responded similarly to all examined functions, indicating that the neuroinflammatory phenotype of these cells is robust to culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rustenhoven
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Leon C Smyth
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Deidre Jansson
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Schweder
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Miranda Aalderink
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Edward W Mee
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imagining, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I-H Park
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand. .,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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