1
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Menadi S, Kucuk B, Cacan E. Promoter Hypomethylation Upregulates ANXA2 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer and is Associated with Poor Prognosis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2721-2742. [PMID: 38001391 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the world's most aggressive and deadly cancers, owing to non-specific early clinical symptoms, late-stage diagnosis, and poor survival. Therefore, it is critical to identify specific biomarkers for its early diagnosis. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that has been reported to be upregulated in several cancer types, making it an emerging biomarker and potential cancer therapeutic target. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of ANXA2 overexpression is still unclear. It is well established that genetic and epigenetic alterations may lead to widespread dysregulation of gene expression. Hence, in this study, we focused on exploring the regulatory mechanism of ANXA2 by investigating the transcriptional profile, methylation pattern, somatic mutation, and prognostic value of ANXA2 in PC using several bioinformatics databases. Our results revealed that the expression levels of ANXA2 were remarkably increased in PC tissues comparing to normal tissues. Furthermore, the high expression of ANXA2 was significantly related to the poor prognosis of PC patients. More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that the ANXA2 promoter is hypomethylated in PC tissues compared to normal tissues which may result in ANXA2 overexpression in PC. However, more experimental research is required to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Menadi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Burak Kucuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey.
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2
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Ding P, Ma Z, Liu D, Pan M, Li H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Shao C, Jiang M, Lu D, Han J, Wang J, Yan X. Lysine Acetylation/Deacetylation Modification of Immune-Related Molecules in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865975. [PMID: 35585975 PMCID: PMC9108232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As major post-translational modifications (PTMs), acetylation and deacetylation are significant factors in signal transmission and cellular metabolism, and are modulated by a dynamic process via two pivotal categories of enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In previous studies, dysregulation of lysine acetylation and deacetylation has been reported to be associated with the genesis and development of malignancy. Scientists have recently explored acetylation/deacetylation patterns and prospective cancer therapy techniques, and the FDA has approved four HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) to be used in clinical treatment. In the present review, the most recent developments in the area of lysine acetylation/deacetylation alteration in cancer immunotherapy were investigated. Firstly, a brief explanation of the acetylation/deacetylation process and relevant indispensable enzymes that participate therein is provided. Subsequently, a multitude of specific immune-related molecules involved in the lysine acetylation/deacetylation process are listed in the context of cancer, in addition to several therapeutic strategies associated with lysine acetylation/deacetylation modification in cancer immunotherapy. Finally, a number of prospective research fields related to cancer immunotherapy concepts are offered with detailed analysis. Overall, the present review may provide a reference for researchers in the relevant field of study, with the aim of being instructive and meaningful to further research as well as the selection of potential targets and effective measures for future cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese People'’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese People'’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minghong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Outpatient, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Changjian Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Menglong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese People'’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Han, ; Jinliang Wang, ; Xiaolong Yan,
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese People'’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Han, ; Jinliang Wang, ; Xiaolong Yan,
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Han, ; Jinliang Wang, ; Xiaolong Yan,
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3
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Sassu CM, Palaia I, Boccia SM, Caruso G, Perniola G, Tomao F, Di Donato V, Musella A, Muzii L. Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413650. [PMID: 34948446 PMCID: PMC8707281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common cause of death in women with gynecological cancer. Considering the poor prognosis, particularly in the case of platinum-resistant (PtR) disease, a huge effort was made to define new biomarkers able to help physicians in approaching and treating these challenging patients. Currently, most data can be obtained from tumor biopsy samples, but this is not always available and implies a surgical procedure. On the other hand, circulating biomarkers are detected with non-invasive methods, although this might require expensive techniques. Given the fervent hope in their value, here we focused on the most studied circulating biomarkers that could play a role in PtR OC.
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4
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Lu J, He X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li W. Acetylation in Tumor Immune Evasion Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771588. [PMID: 34880761 PMCID: PMC8645962 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is considered as one of the most common types of epigenetic modifications, and aberrant histone acetylation modifications are associated with the pathological process of cancer through the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that immune system function and tumor immunity can also be affected by acetylation modifications. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acetylation function in cancer is essential, which may help to develop new therapies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we mainly discussed the functions of acetylase and deacetylase in tumor, immune system and tumor immunity, and listed the information of drugs targeting these enzymes in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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5
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Wang XW, Guo QQ, Yu Y, Zhou TT, Zhang SY, Wang Z, Liu JW, Tang J, Jiang XY, Wang SS, Guo WD, Xu HD, Sun HY, Li ZW, Song XY, Zhao JG, Cao L. The deacetylation of Foxk2 by Sirt1 reduces chemosensitivity to cisplatin. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:491-506. [PMID: 34866322 PMCID: PMC8743664 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple types of cancer, decreased tumour cell apoptosis during chemotherapy is indicative of decreased chemosensitivity. Forkhead box K2 (FOXK2), which is essential for cell fate, regulates cancer cell apoptosis through several post‐translational modifications. However, FOXK2 acetylation has not been extensively studied. Here, we evaluated the effects of sirtiun 1 (SIRT1) on FOXK2 deacetylation. Our findings demonstrated that SIRT1 inhibition increased FOXK2‐induced chemosensitivity to cisplatin and that K223 in FOXK2 was acetylated. Furthermore, FOXK2 K223 deacetylation reduced chemosensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FOXK2 was acetylated by the acetyltransferase cAMP response element binding protein and deacetylated by SIRT1. Furthermore, cisplatin attenuated the interaction between FOXK2 and SIRT1. Cisplatin or SIRT1 inhibition enhanced FOXK2 acetylation, thereby reducing the nuclear distribution of FOXK2. Additionally, FOXK2 K223 acetylation significantly affected the expression of cell cycle–related and apoptosis‐related genes in cisplatin‐stimulated cancer cells, and FOXK2 K223 hyperacetylation promoted mitotic catastrophe, which enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Overall, our results provided insights into the mechanisms of SIRT1‐mediated FOXK2 deacetylation, which was involved in chemosensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wen Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si-Yi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Wei Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-You Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Dong Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-de Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua-Yi Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Gang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Martinez-Useros J, Martin-Galan M, Florez-Cespedes M, Garcia-Foncillas J. Epigenetics of Most Aggressive Solid Tumors: Pathways, Targets and Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3209. [PMID: 34198989 PMCID: PMC8267921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly aggressive tumors are characterized by a highly invasive phenotype, and they display chemoresistance. Furthermore, some of the tumors lack expression of biomarkers for target therapies. This is the case of small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, metastatic melanoma, and advanced ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, these patients show a low survival rate and most of the available drugs are ineffective. In this context, epigenetic modifications have emerged to provide the causes and potential treatments for such types of tumors. Methylation and hydroxymethylation of DNA, and histone modifications, are the most common targets of epigenetic therapy, to influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications could impact both oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors, which influence several molecular pathways such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, WNT/β-catenin, PI3K-mTOR, MAPK, or mismatch repair machinery. However, epigenetic changes are inducible and reversible events that could be influenced by some environmental conditions, such as UV exposure, smoking habit, or diet. Changes in DNA methylation status and/or histone modification, such as acetylation, methylation or phosphorylation, among others, are the most important targets for epigenetic cancer therapy. Therefore, the present review aims to compile the basic information of epigenetic modifications, pathways and factors, and provide a rationale for the research and treatment of highly aggressive tumors with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mario Martin-Galan
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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7
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Donkor M, Jones HP. The Proposition of the Pulmonary Route as an Attractive Drug Delivery Approach of Nano-Based Immune Therapies and Cancer Vaccines to Treat Lung Tumors. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.635194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths globally, making it a major health concern. The lung’s permissive rich microenvironment is ideal for supporting outgrowth of disseminated tumors from pre-existing extra-pulmonary malignancies usually resulting in high mortality. Tumors occurring in the lungs are difficult to treat, necessitating the need for the development of advanced treatment modalities against primary tumors and secondary lung metastasis. In this review, we explore the pulmonary route as an attractive drug delivery approach to treat lung tumors. We also discuss the potential of pulmonary delivery of cancer vaccine vectors to induce mucosal immunity capable of preventing the seeding of tumors in the lung.
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8
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Zhang C, Yang Q. Predictive Values of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression for Prognosis, Clinicopathological Factors, and Response to Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitors in Patients With Gynecological Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:572203. [PMID: 33634012 PMCID: PMC7901918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in gynecological cancers has been explored previously, but the conclusion remains controversial due to limited evidence. This study aimed to conduct an updated meta-analysis to re-investigate the predictive significance of PD-L1 expression. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched. The associations between PD-L1 expression status and prognosis [overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) or disease-free survival (DFS)], clinical parameters [FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumor size, infiltration depth, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) or grade] and response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment [objective response rate (ORR)] were analyzed by hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR). Results Fifty-five studies were enrolled. Overall, high PD-L1 expression was not significantly associated with OS, PFS, RFS, CSS and DFS of gynecological cancers. However, subgroup analysis of studies with reported HR (HR = 1.27) and a cut-off value of 5% (HR = 2.10) suggested that high PD-L1 expression was correlated with a shorter OS of gynecological cancer patients. Further sub-subgroup analysis revealed that high PD-L1 expressed on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) predicted a favorable OS for ovarian (HR = 0.72), but a poor OS for cervical cancer (HR = 3.44). PD-L1 overexpression was also correlated with a lower OS rate in non-Asian endometrial cancer (HR = 1.60). High level of PD-L1 was only clinically correlated with a shorter PFS in Asian endometrial cancer (HR = 1.59). Furthermore, PD-L1-positivity was correlated with LNM (for overall, ovarian and endometrial cancer expressed on tumor cells), advanced FIGO stage (for overall, ovarian cancer expressed on tumor cells, endometrial cancer expressed on tumor cells and TICs), LVSI (for overall and endometrial cancer expressed on tumor cells and TICs), and increasing infiltration depth/high grade (only for endometrial cancer expressed on TICs). Patients with PD-L1-positivity may obtain more benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment than the negative group, showing a higher ORR (RR = 1.98), longer OS (HR = 0.34) and PFS (HR = 0.61). Conclusion Our findings suggest high PD-L1 expression may be a suitable biomarker for predicting the clinical outcomes in patients with gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
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9
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Wei C, Liu X, Wang Q, Li Q, Xie M. Identification of Hypoxia Signature to Assess the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Predict Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:4156187. [PMID: 34950205 PMCID: PMC8692015 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4156187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5-year overall survival rate of ovarian cancer (OC) patients is less than 40%. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation of OC cells and leads to the decline of cell immunity. It is crucial to find potential predictors or risk model related to OC prognosis. This study aimed at establishing the hypoxia-associated gene signature to assess tumor immune microenvironment and predicting the prognosis of OC. METHODS The gene expression data of 378 OC patients and 370 OC patients were downloaded from datasets. The hypoxia risk model was constructed to reflect the immune microenvironment in OC and predict prognosis. RESULTS 8 genes (AKAP12, ALDOC, ANGPTL4, CITED2, ISG20, PPP1R15A, PRDX5, and TGFBI) were included in the hypoxic gene signature. Patients in the high hypoxia risk group showed worse survival. Hypoxia signature significantly related to clinical features and may serve as an independent prognostic factor for OC patients. 2 types of immune cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cell and regulatory T cell, showed a significant infiltration in the tissues of the high hypoxia risk group patients. Most of the immunosuppressive genes (such as ARG1, CD160, CD244, CXCL12, DNMT1, and HAVCR1) and immune checkpoints (such as CD80, CTLA4, and CD274) were upregulated in the high hypoxia risk group. Gene sets related to the high hypoxia risk group were associated with signaling pathways of cell cycle, MAPK, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, VEGF, and AMPK. CONCLUSION The hypoxia risk model could serve as an independent prognostic indicator and reflect overall immune response intensity in the OC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shangzhou District, Shangluo, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qipei Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Kucuk B, Kibar B, Cacan E. A broad analysis in clinical and in vitro models on regulator of G-protein signalling 10 regulation that is associated with ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:413-422. [PMID: 33354811 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest types of gynaecological cancers and more than half of the patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. Recurrence in advanced staged patients after chemotherapy is associated with increased chemoresistance, which results in poor prognosis. Regulator of G-protein signalling 10 (RGS10) negatively regulates cell proliferation, migration and survival by attenuating G-protein coupled-receptors mediated signalling pathways. Recent studies have shown that loss of RGS10 expression is significantly associated with proliferation and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: In this study, we analysed differential RGS10 expression levels using public microarray datasets from clinical and in vitro ovarian cancer samples. We validated that cancer progression and chemotherapy exposure change RGS10 expression. We enriched our study to evaluate the relationship between chemoresistance and differential RGS10 expression against ovarian cancer potential chemotherapeutic agent, palbociclib. Results showed that palbociclib treatment reduced cell viability, despite significantly decreased RGS10 expression in chemoresistant cells. Overall, the results confirmed that cancer progression and chemoresistance are significantly associated with the down-regulation of RGS10 while some chemotherapeutics seem to be beneficial in decreasing chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Kucuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Beyza Kibar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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11
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Shen B, Huang D, Ramsey AJ, Ig-Izevbekhai K, Zhang K, Lajud SA, O'Malley BW, Li D. PD-L1 and MRN synergy in platinum-based chemoresistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:640-647. [PMID: 31853007 PMCID: PMC7054324 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have been investigating the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Based on our previous findings, the present study investigates how the Mre11, Rad50, and NBS1 (MRN) DNA repair complex interacts at the molecular level with the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cisplatin-induced chemoresistance. METHODS Human HNSCC cell lines were used to determine the role played by PD-L1 in cisplatin resistance. Initial experiments investigated PD-L1 expression levels in cells exposed to cisplatin and whether PD-L1 interacts directly with the MRN complex. Finally, in vitro studies and in vivo experiments on BALB/c nu/nu mice were performed to determine whether interference of PD-L1 or NBS1 synthesis modulated cisplatin resistance. RESULTS Exposure to cisplatin resulted in PD-L1 being upregulated in the chemoresistant but not the chemosensitive cell line. Subsequent co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that PD-L1 associates with NBS1. In addition, we found that the knockdown of either PD-L1 or NBS1 re-sensitised the chemoresistant cell line to cisplatin. Finally, but perhaps most importantly, synergy was observed when both PD-L1 and NBS1 were knocked down making the formerly chemoresistant strain highly cisplatin sensitive. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 plays a pivotal role in cisplatin resistance in chemoresistant human HNSCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Ramsey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Ig-Izevbekhai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shayanne A Lajud
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daqing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Moufarrij S, Srivastava A, Gomez S, Hadley M, Palmer E, Austin PT, Chisholm S, Diab N, Roche K, Yu A, Li J, Zhu W, Lopez-Acevedo M, Villagra A, Chiappinelli KB. Combining DNMT and HDAC6 inhibitors increases anti-tumor immune signaling and decreases tumor burden in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3470. [PMID: 32103105 PMCID: PMC7044433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies are urgently needed for ovarian cancer, the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Ovarian cancer has thus far been refractory to immunotherapies that stimulate the host immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. This may be because of a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and lack of recruitment and activation of immune cells that kill cancer cells. Our previous work showed that epigenetic drugs including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors (DNMTis and HDAC6is) individually increase immune signaling in cancer cells. We find that combining DNMTi and HDAC6i results in an amplified type I interferon response, leading to increased cytokine and chemokine expression and higher expression of the MHC I antigen presentation complex in human and mouse ovarian cancer cell lines. Treating mice bearing ID8 Trp53-/- ovarian cancer with HDAC6i/DNMTi led to an increase in tumor-killing cells such as IFNg+ CD8, NK, and NKT cells and a reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with a decrease in MDSCs and PD-1hi CD4 T cells, corresponding with an increase in survival. Thus combining the epigenetic modulators DNMTi and HDAC6i increases anti-tumor immune signaling from cancer cells and has beneficial effects on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moufarrij
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aneil Srivastava
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephanie Gomez
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Melissa Hadley
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erica Palmer
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Tran Austin
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Chisholm
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Noor Diab
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyle Roche
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Angela Yu
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jing Li
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wenge Zhu
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Micael Lopez-Acevedo
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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13
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Padmanabhan S, Zou Y, Vancurova I. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Surface PD-L1 Expression Induced by IFNγ and Romidepsin in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2108:221-228. [PMID: 31939184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0247-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1, CD274) on cancer cells is regulated by interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling as well as by epigenetic mechanisms. By binding to PD-1 on cytotoxic T cells, PD-L1 inhibits T cell-mediated antitumor responses, resulting in immune escape. This chapter describes analysis of the surface PD-L1 expression in ovarian cancer (OC) cells using flow cytometry (FC). Our data demonstrate that the surface PD-L1 expression in OC cells is induced by IFNγ as well as by the class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition by romidepsin, suggesting that class I HDAC inhibition might provide a useful strategy to modulate the PD-L1 levels on OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveta Padmanabhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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14
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Overcoming immune suppression with epigenetic modification in ovarian cancer. Transl Res 2019; 204:31-38. [PMID: 30048638 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impressive successes of immunotherapy have yet to be reliably translated to treatment of ovarian cancer, which may be a consequence of the unique barriers to T cell migration and tumor engagement in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. Epigenetic alterations contribute to establishment of these barriers and other mechanisms of immune subversion; therefore, epigenetic modifying agents represent an opportunity to mount effective antitumor immune responses by disrupting this finely tuned tumor epigenetic framework. Here, we discuss how epigenetic modifiers might permit and stimulate de novo antitumor immune responses in ovarian cancer, focusing largely on 2 common classes, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Specifically, increasing T and NK cell trafficking to the tumor microenvironment as well as induction of altered tumor cell phenotypes that promote immune engagement and cytotoxicity may provide a platform upon which to elaborate existing immunotherapeutic strategies. Indeed, promising combination of epigenetic modifying agents with checkpoint blockade antibodies or cellular therapies in preclinical models has led to a burgeoning number of clinical trials. Therefore, rather than implementation as a monotherapy, epigenetic modifiers may well be best suited as adjuvants in combinatorial strategies, potentiating antitumor immune responses and unleashing the promise of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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15
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Hentze JL, Høgdall CK, Høgdall EV. Methylation and ovarian cancer: Can DNA methylation be of diagnostic use? Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:323-330. [PMID: 30847169 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent killer and, due to late diagnosis and frequent chemo resistance in patients, the primary cause of fatality amongst the various types of gynecological cancer. The discovery of a specific and sensitive biomarker for ovarian cancer could improve early diagnosis, thereby saving lives. Biomarkers could also improve treatment, by predicting which patients will benefit from specific treatment strategies. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism, and 'methylation imbalance' is characteristic of cancer. Previous research suggests that changes in DNA methylation can be used diagnostically, and that they may predict resistance to treatment. This paper gives an up-to-date overview of research investigating the potential of DNA methylation-based markers for diagnostics, prognostics, screening and prediction of drug resistance for ovarian cancer patients. DNA methylation cancer-biomarkers may be useful for cancer treatment, particularly since they are chemically stable and since cancer-associated changes in methylation typically precedes tumor growth. DNA methylation markers could improve diagnosis and treatment and might even be used for screening in the future. Furthermore, DNA methylation biomarkers could facilitate the development of precision medicine. However, at this point no biomarkers for ovarian cancer have a sufficient combination of sensitivity and specificity in a clinical setting. A reason for this is that most studies have focused on a single or a few methylation sites. More large screenings and genome-wide studies must be performed to increase the chance of identifying a DNA methylation marker which can identify ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Hentze
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Gynecology, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid V Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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16
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Kumar S, Sharawat SK. Epigenetic regulators of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in human cancers. Transl Res 2018; 202:129-145. [PMID: 30401465 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death protein 1-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis has been successfully targeted in clinics and the use of immune check-point inhibitors have shown durable antitumor response in untreated or heavily treated advanced stage cancer. PD-L1 upregulation has been found to correlate with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types and expression of PD-L1 in intratumoral compartment has been suggested to influence immune response and act as a key determinant of checkpoint immunotherapy efficacy. Hence it becomes critical to understand the regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer. Role of oncogenic signaling pathways and transcription factors such as PI3K-AKT, MEK-ERK, JAK-STAT, MYC, HIF-1α, AP-1 and NF-κB is well established in inducing PD-L1 expression. Even the structural variations resulting in the truncation of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of PD-L1 has been shown to upregulate PD-L1 expression in multiple cancer types. Since microRNAs carry out post-transcriptional gene silencing by binding to the 3' UTR of its target messenger RNA, truncation of PD-L1 3' UTR can result in alleviation of PD-L1 suppression mediated by microRNA, leading to its overexpression. Other epigenetic modifications, such as promoter DNA methylation and histone modifications can also play crucial role in regulating PD-L1 expression. Here, we review recent findings and evidence on epigenetic mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression and the biological and clinical implications of such regulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Dr. B R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Surender Kumar Sharawat
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Dr. B R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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17
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Nair D, Rådestad E, Khalkar P, Diaz-Argelich N, Schröder A, Klynning C, Ungerstedt J, Uhlin M, Fernandes AP. Methylseleninic Acid Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to T-Cell Mediated Killing by Decreasing PDL1 and VEGF Levels. Front Oncol 2018; 8:407. [PMID: 30324091 PMCID: PMC6172341 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox active selenium (Se) compounds at sub toxic doses act as pro-oxidants with cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and are promising future chemotherapeutic agents. However, little is known about how Se compounds affect immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We demonstrate that the inorganic Se compound selenite and the organic methylseleninic acid (MSA) do not, despite their pro-oxidant function, influence the viability of immune cells, at doses that gives cytotoxic effects in ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment of the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 with selenite and MSA increases NK cell mediated lysis, and enhances the cytolytic activity of T cells. Increased T cell function was observed after incubation of T cells in preconditioned media from tumor cells treated with MSA, an effect that was coupled to decreased levels of PDL1, HIF-1α, and VEGF. In conclusion, redox active selenium compounds do not kill or inactivate immune cells at doses required for anti-cancer treatment, and we demonstrate that MSA enhances T cell-mediated tumor cell killing via PDL1 and VEGF inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Nair
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Rådestad
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prajakta Khalkar
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuria Diaz-Argelich
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Axel Schröder
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Klynning
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Ungerstedt
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Yang Q, Yang Y, Zhou N, Tang K, Lau WB, Lau B, Wang W, Xu L, Yang Z, Huang S, Wang X, Yi T, Zhao X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhou S. Epigenetics in ovarian cancer: premise, properties, and perspectives. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:109. [PMID: 30064416 PMCID: PMC6069741 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant ovarian tumors bear the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers. Both late tumor diagnosis and tolerance to available chemical therapy increase patient mortality. Therefore, it is both urgent and important to identify biomarkers facilitating early identification and novel agents preventing recurrence. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that epigenetic aberrations (particularly histone modifications) are crucial in tumor initiation and development. Histone acetylation and methylation are respectively regulated by acetyltransferases-deacetylases and methyltransferases-demethylases, both of which are implicated in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the most recent discoveries pertaining to ovarian cancer development arising from the imbalance of histone acetylation and methylation, and provide insight into novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianxin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Tang
- Sichuan Normal University Affiliated Middle School, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bonnie Lau
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center, Affiliate of Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Abstract
Cancer is a daunting global problem confronting the world's population. The most frequent therapeutic approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and more recently immunotherapy. In the case of chemotherapy, patients ultimately develop resistance to both single and multiple chemotherapeutic agents, which can culminate in metastatic disease which is a major cause of patient death from solid tumors. Chemoresistance, a primary cause of treatment failure, is attributed to multiple factors including decreased drug accumulation, reduced drug-target interactions, increased populations of cancer stem cells, enhanced autophagy activity, and reduced apoptosis in cancer cells. Reprogramming tumor cells to undergo drug-induced apoptosis provides a promising and powerful strategy for treating resistant and recurrent neoplastic diseases. This can be achieved by downregulating dysregulated antiapoptotic factors or activation of proapoptotic factors in tumor cells. A major target of dysregulation in cancer cells that can occur during chemoresistance involves altered expression of Bcl-2 family members. Bcl-2 antiapoptotic molecules (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1) are frequently upregulated in acquired chemoresistant cancer cells, which block drug-induced apoptosis. We presently overview the potential role of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins in the development of cancer chemoresistance and overview the clinical approaches that use Bcl-2 inhibitors to restore cell death in chemoresistant and recurrent tumors.
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