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Hayashi SY, Craddock BP, Miller WT. Phosphorylation of Ack1 by the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Mer. KINASES AND PHOSPHATASES 2023; 1:167-180. [PMID: 37662484 PMCID: PMC10473914 DOI: 10.3390/kinasesphosphatases1030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ack1 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is associated with cellular proliferation and survival. The receptor tyrosine kinase Mer, a member of the TAM family of receptors, has previously been reported to be an upstream activator of Ack1 kinase. The mechanism linking the two kinases, however, has not been investigated. We confirmed that Ack1 and Mer interact by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and found that Mer expression led to increased Ack1 activity. The effect on Ack1 was dependent on the kinase activity of Mer, whereas mutation of the Mer C-terminal tyrosines Y867 and Y924 did not significantly decrease the ability of Mer to activate Ack1. Ack1 possesses a Mig6 Homology Region (MHR) that contains adjacent regulatory tyrosines (Y859 and Y860). Using synthetic peptides, we showed that Mer preferentially binds and phosphorylates the MHR sequence containing phosphorylated pY860, as compared to the pY859 sequence. This suggested the possibility of sequential phosphorylation within the MHR of Ack1, as has been observed previously for other kinases. In cells co-expressing Mer and Ack1 MHR mutants, the Y859F mutant had higher activity than the Y860F mutant, consistent with this model. The interaction between Mer and Ack1 could play a role in immune cell signaling in normal physiology and could also contribute to the hyperactivation of Ack1 in prostate cancer and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Y. Hayashi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Barbara P. Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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2
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Sawant M, Wilson A, Sridaran D, Mahajan K, O'Conor CJ, Hagemann IS, Luo J, Weimholt C, Li T, Roa JC, Pandey A, Wu X, Mahajan NP. Epigenetic reprogramming of cell cycle genes by ACK1 promotes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor. Oncogene 2023; 42:2263-2277. [PMID: 37330596 PMCID: PMC10348910 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancers exhibit high sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. However, most patients inevitably develop resistance, thus identification of new actionable therapeutic targets to overcome the recurrent disease is an urgent need. Immunohistochemical studies of tissue microarray revealed increased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2) in most of the breast cancer subtypes, independent of their hormone receptor status. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the nuclear target of activated ACK1, pY88-H4 epigenetic marks, were deposited at cell cycle genes, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20, which in turn initiated their efficient transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of ACK1 using its inhibitor, (R)-9b dampened CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20 expression, caused G2/M arrest, culminating in regression of palbociclib-resistant breast tumor growth. Further, (R)-9b suppressed expression of CXCR4 receptor, which resulted in significant impairment of metastasis of breast cancer cells to lung. Overall, our pre-clinical data identifies activated ACK1 as an oncogene that epigenetically controls the cell cycle genes governing the G2/M transition in breast cancer cells. ACK1 inhibitor, (R)-9b could be a novel therapeutic option for the breast cancer patients that have developed resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Kan Y, Paung Y, Seeliger MA, Miller WT. Domain Architecture of the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Ack1. Cells 2023; 12:900. [PMID: 36980241 PMCID: PMC10047419 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) Ack1 comprises a distinct arrangement of non-catalytic modules. Its SH3 domain has a C-terminal to the kinase domain (SH1), in contrast to the typical SH3-SH2-SH1 layout in NRTKs. The Ack1 is the only protein that shares a region of high homology to the tumor suppressor protein Mig6, a modulator of EGFR. The vertebrate Acks make up the only tyrosine kinase (TK) family known to carry a UBA domain. The GTPase binding and SAM domains are also uncommon in the NRTKs. In addition to being a downstream effector of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins, Ack1 can act as an epigenetic regulator, modulate the degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), confer drug resistance, and mediate the progression of hormone-sensitive tumors. In this review, we discuss the domain architecture of Ack1 in relation to other protein kinases that possess such defined regulatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Kan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - YiTing Paung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Markus A. Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768-2200, USA
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Brown NE, Jones A, Hunt BG, Waltz SE. Prostate tumor RON receptor signaling mediates macrophage recruitment to drive androgen deprivation therapy resistance through Gas6-mediated Axl and RON signaling. Prostate 2022; 82:1422-1437. [PMID: 35860905 PMCID: PMC9492645 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), or chemical castration, is the first-line therapy for prostate cancer; however, resistance leaves few treatment options. Prostatic tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote prostate cancer growth and are abundant in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), suggesting a role in promoting CRPC. We recently showed a tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism by which RON promotes CRPC. Given previous reports that RON alters prostate cancer cell chemokine production and RON-overexpressing tumors alter macrophage function, we hypothesized that a macrophage-dependent mechanism regulated by tumor cell intrinsic RON also promotes CRPC. METHODS Using RON-modulated genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and GEMM-derived cell lines and co-cultures with bone marrow-derived macrophages, we show functional and molecular characteristics of signaling pathways in supporting CRPC. Further, we used an unbiased phosphokinase array to identify pathway interactions regulated by RON. Finally, using human prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer patient data sets, we show the relevance of our findings to human prostate cancer. RESULTS Studies herein show that macrophages recruited into the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) serve as a source for Gas6 secretion which serves to further enhance RON and Axl receptor activation in prostate tumor cells thereby driving CRPC. Further, we show targeting RON and macrophages in a murine model promotes CRPC sensitization to ADT. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel role for the RON receptor in prostate cancer cells in promoting CRPC through the recruitment of macrophages into the prostate TME. Macrophage-targeting agents in combination with RON/Axl inhibition are likely to provide clinical benefits for patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Brown
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Angelle Jones
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Brian G. Hunt
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Research ServiceCincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
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5
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Jing L, Zhang X, Liu D, Yang Y, Xiong H, Dong G. ACK1 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Inflammation and Autoimmunity by Promoting the Activation of TLR Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864995. [PMID: 35669783 PMCID: PMC9164107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first line of defense in the immune system, whose activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmunity. TLRs can activate a variety of immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, which produce proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory molecules that lead to the development of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. As a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 is involved in multiple signaling pathways and physiological processes. However, the roles of ACK1 in the activation of TLR pathways and in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases have not yet been reported. We found that the expression of ACK1 could be upregulated by TLR pathways in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, overexpression of ACK1 significantly promoted the activation of TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 pathways, while knockdown of ACK1 or the use of the ACK1 inhibitor AIM-100 significantly inhibited the activation of TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 pathways. In vivo studies showed that the inhibition of ACK1 activity by AIM-100 could significantly protect mice from the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated endotoxin shock and alleviate the condition of imiquimod-mediated lupus-prone mice and MRL/lpr mice. In summary, ACK1 participates in TLR-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity and has great potential in controlling inflammation and alleviating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jing
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Guanjun Dong, ; Huabao Xiong,
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Guanjun Dong, ; Huabao Xiong,
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6
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Srivastava R. Chemical Reactivity and Optical and Pharmacokinetics Studies of 14 Multikinase Inhibitors and Their Docking Interactions Toward ACK1 for Precision Oncology. Front Chem 2022; 10:843642. [PMID: 35494626 PMCID: PMC9050413 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.843642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1/TNK2) has a significant role in cell endocytosis, survival, proliferation, and migration. Mutations in ACK1 are closely associated with the occurrence and development of cancers. In this work, a conceptual density functional theory (CDFT)-based computational peptidology (CDFT-CP) method is used to study the chemical reactivity of 14 multikinase inhibitors. Optical properties of these inhibitors are studied by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Various biological and pharmacokinetic parameters are studied by Osiris, Molinspiration, and BOILED-Egg in SwissADME software tools. Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical (PCB), Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (AMES) mutagenicity, toxicity, and risk prediction are estimated by Simulations plus ADMET Predictor 10.2 software. MD simulations for an active model of ACK1 is carried out by the CABS-flex 2.0 web server, and potential binding pockets for ACK1 are searched using the PrankWeb server. SwissTargetPrediction is used to predict the potential targets for the multikinase inhibitors. Docking studies are carried out for ACK1–multikinase inhibitors using Autodock 4.2 software. Noncovalent interactions for ACK1–multikinase inhibitor complexes are studied using the Protein–Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP) server. Results indicated higher binding affinities and strong noncovalent interactions in ACK1–multikinase inhibitor complexes.
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7
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Wang A, Pei J, Shuai W, Lin C, Feng L, Wang Y, Lin F, Ouyang L, Wang G. Small Molecules Targeting Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase 1 (ACK1/TNK2) for the Treatment of Cancers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16328-16348. [PMID: 34735773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1/TNK2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase with a unique structure. It not only can act as an activated transmembrane effector of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to transmit various RTK signals but also can play a corresponding role in epigenetic regulation. A number of studies have shown that ACK1 is a carcinogenic factor. Blockage of ACK1 has been proven to be able to inhibit cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and radiation resistance. Thus, ACK1 is a promising potential antitumor target. To date, despite many efforts to develop ACK1 inhibitors, no specific small molecule inhibitors have entered clinical trials. This Perspective provides an overview of the structural features, biological functions, and association with diseases of ACK1 and in vitro and in vivo activities, selectivity, and therapeutic potential of small molecule ACK1 inhibitors with different chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Peaslee C, Esteva-Font C, Su T, Munoz-Howell A, Duwaerts CC, Liu Z, Rao S, Liu K, Medina M, Sneddon JB, Maher JJ, Mattis AN. Doxycycline Significantly Enhances Induction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Endoderm by Enhancing Survival Through Protein Kinase B Phosphorylation. Hepatology 2021; 74:2102-2117. [PMID: 33982322 PMCID: PMC8544023 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an important tool for the generation of patient-derived cells, including hepatocyte-like cells, by developmental cues through an endoderm intermediate. However, most iPSC lines fail to differentiate into endoderm, with induction resulting in apoptosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To address this issue, we built upon published methods to develop an improved protocol. We discovered that doxycycline dramatically enhances the efficiency of iPSCs to endoderm differentiation by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting proliferation through the protein kinase B pathway. We tested this protocol in >70 iPSC lines, 90% of which consistently formed complete sheets of endoderm. Endoderm generated by our method achieves similar transcriptomic profiles, expression of endoderm protein markers, and the ability to be further differentiated to downstream lineages. CONCLUSIONS Furthermore, this method achieves a 4-fold increase in endoderm cell number and will accelerate studies of human diseases in vitro and facilitate the expansion of iPSC-derived cells for transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Peaslee
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Cristina Esteva-Font
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Antonio Munoz-Howell
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sneha Rao
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ke Liu
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marisa Medina
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Julie B. Sneddon
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aras N. Mattis
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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9
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Russell SJ, Schneider MF. Alternative signaling pathways from IGF1 or insulin to AKT activation and FOXO1 nuclear efflux in adult skeletal muscle fibers. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15292-15306. [PMID: 32868454 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is regulated by the balance between protein degradation and synthesis. FOXO1, a transcription factor, helps to determine this balance by activating pro-atrophic gene transcription when present in muscle fiber nuclei. Foxo1 nuclear efflux is promoted by AKT-mediated Foxo1 phosphorylation, eliminating FOXO1's atrophy-promoting effect. AKT activation can be promoted by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) or insulin via a pathway including IGF1 or insulin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and AKT. We used confocal fluorescence time-lapse imaging of FOXO1-GFP in adult isolated living muscle fibers maintained in culture to explore the effects of IGF1 and insulin on FOXO1-GFP nuclear efflux with and without pharmacological inhibitors. We observed that although AKT inhibitor blocks the IGF1- or insulin-induced effect on FOXO1 nuclear efflux, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, which we show to be effective in these fibers, do not. We also found that inhibition of the protein kinase ACK1 or ATM contributes to the suppression of FOXO1 nuclear efflux after IGF1. These results indicate a novel pathway that has been unexplored in the IGF1- or insulin-induced regulation of FOXO1 and present information useful both for therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy and for further investigative areas into insulin insensitivity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Dai Y, Dai C, Sun T. Inflammatory mediators of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: hypothesis and review. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1587-1601. [PMID: 32103371 PMCID: PMC7242233 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To review the role of inflammatory mediators in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development and the current treatment for PVR prevention. Methods A PubMed search was carried out using these keywords “PVR,” “inflammatory mediators,” “growth factors,” “cytokines” and “treatment.” Studies regarding inflammatory mediators and PVR therapy were included and published up to December 2019. Results Inflammatory mediators, namely growth factors and cytokines, have been implicated in the occurrence and development of PVR. Among various inflammatory mediators, transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are considered to be particularly important. In this review, we focus on the hypothesis that growth factors and cytokines are involved in the development of PVR, and current treatment for the prevention of PVR. Conclusion We support the hypothesis that growth factors and cytokines may participate in the complex process of PVR development. More importantly, the identification of inflammatory mediators provides novel and efficacious therapeutic targets for the treatment of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 10, Nancheng River Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenghua Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 10, Nancheng River Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Research Progress of the Functional Role of ACK1 in Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1018034. [PMID: 31772931 PMCID: PMC6854235 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1018034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ACK1 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase with a unique structure, which is tightly related to the biological behavior of tumors. Previous studies have demonstrated that ACK1 was involved with multiple signaling pathways of tumor progression. Its crucial role in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis was tightly related to the prognosis and clinicopathology of cancer. ACK1 has a unique way of regulating cellular pathways, different from other nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. As an oncogenic kinase, recent studies have shown that ACK1 plays a critical regulatory role in the initiation and progression of tumors. In this review, we will be summarizing the structural characteristics, activation, and regulation of ACK1 in breast cancer, aiming to deeply understand the functional and mechanistic role of ACK1 and provide novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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