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Abdelfattah OM, Saad AM, Kassis N, Shekhar S, Isogai T, Gad MM, Ahuja KR, Hariri E, Kaur M, Farwati M, Khatri J, Krishnaswamy A, Kapadia SR. Utilization and outcomes of transcatheter coil embolization for various coronary artery lesions: Single-center 12-year experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:1317-1331. [PMID: 33205571 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determining the outcomes of transcatheter coil embolization (TCE) for several coronary artery lesions. BACKGROUND TCE has been used as a treatment modality for various lesions in the coronary circulation. However, data on the efficacy and safety of TCE to treat coronary artery fistula (CAF), left internal mammary artery (LIMA) side-branch, coronary artery perforation (CAP), coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), and coronary artery pseudoaneurysm (CAPA) are limited. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis of all TCE devices in coronary lesions at our center from 2007 to 2019. Forty-one studied lesions included 25 CAF, 7 LIMA side-branch, 5 CAP, 2 CAA, and 2 CAPA. Short- and 1-year mortality and hospital readmission were reported, in addition to coil-related complications and procedural success. RESULTS The utilization rate of TCE in coronary artery lesions at our center was found to be 33.8 per 100,000 percutaneous coronary intervention procedures over 12 years. Successful angiographic closure was achieved in 37 out of 41 (87.8%) cases (88, 100, 60, 100, and 100% of CAF, LIMA side-branch, CAP, CAA, and CAPA, respectively). No adverse events were directly related to TCE among the LIMA, CAA, and CAPA cases, and only one patient with CAF required reintervention at 3 months due to coil migration. CONCLUSIONS Coil embolization in our institution was safe and effective in treating different coronary circulation abnormalities with a 87.8% overall success rate. Further study on the use of vascular plug devices in cases such as CAF or LIMA side-branch would be beneficial to understand the treatment options better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Abdelfattah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anas M Saad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Kassis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Toshiaki Isogai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed M Gad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keerat R Ahuja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Essa Hariri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Medhat Farwati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaikirshan Khatri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amar Krishnaswamy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samir R Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysm after Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: Treatment by Covered Stent. Case Rep Cardiol 2021; 2021:2360804. [PMID: 34777875 PMCID: PMC8589514 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2360804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein graft aneurysms (SVGAs) occur as a rare complication of coronary artery bypass graft but increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is considered to be the most common cause of saphenous vein graft aneurysms. Other etiologies include infections, varicosities of vein grafts, and surgical technical issues. These aneurysms usually present as an incidental finding of a mediastinal or cardiac mass on chest radiograph. Symptomatic aneurysms may present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations such as chest pain/angina, shortness of breath, and myocardial infarction. Treatment options of SVG aneurysms include surgery, percutaneous intervention (including vascular plugs, covered stents, and embolization coils), and conservative management. Herein, we describe a case of a saphenous vein graft aneurysm that developed after percutaneous intervention, which has never been described, to our knowledge, in the previous literature. The aneurysm was treated with polytetrafluoroethylene covered stent implantation.
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3
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Hassan A, Uretsky BF, Vargas Estrada AM, Hassan R, Al-Hawwas M, Agarwal SK. Systematic review of the evaluation and management of coronary pseudoaneurysm after stent implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:107-116. [PMID: 33016651 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoaneurysm (PSA) formation is a rare but well-known complication of coronary stenting. It develops after a procedural perforation disrupts the integrity of the vessel wall but is contained by a single wall layer, usually pericardium, extravascular thrombosis and later fibrosis. Medical literature of PSA consists primarily of case reports. A systematic review of pseudoaneurysm after coronary stenting was performed to summarize its presentation, diagnostic imaging modalities, natural history, and management approaches. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic to hemodynamic collapse, size from small to "giant," and treatment approaches from surgical or percutaneous exclusion to "watchful waiting" and imaging surveillance. Based on current information, a management algorithm is provided recommending urgent to emergent exclusion for symptomatic PSA, elective exclusion for large and giant PSA, and "watchful waiting" and periodic imaging surveillance for small to moderate sized PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Barry F Uretsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Health System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Romesa Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Malek Al-Hawwas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Health System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shiv Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Health System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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4
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Vinciguerra M, Spadaccio C, Tennyson C, Karuppannan M, Bose A, Greco E, Rose D. Management of Patients With Aortocoronary Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysms: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2236-2253. [PMID: 33926660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Saphenous vein graft aneurysms (SVGAs) following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were first described in 1975. Although rare, in the absence of a prompt diagnosis, SVGAs can be responsible for serious complications and adverse outcomes. The clinical presentation of SVGAs described in the literature can vary from an asymptomatic patient with an incidental radiological finding to a profoundly shocked patient with life-threatening hemorrhage secondary to SVGA rupture. Improvements in diagnostic tools within the last decade, such as multislice computed tomographic scanning, has enabled early detection of SVGAs, and therefore, an expansion of the current management options. In this review, the current data and knowledge about clinical presentation, diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of SVGAs are updated, with a specific emphasis on the evolution of management strategies of this rare complication over the last 45 years. Finally, a clinical algorithm to guide decision-making and management is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vinciguerra
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Spadaccio
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Tennyson
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mukesh Karuppannan
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amal Bose
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Greco
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Rose
- Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom.
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5
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Oshima T, Minatsuki S, Myojo M, Kodera S, Nawata K, Ando J, Akazawa H, Watanabe M, Ono M, Komuro I. Coronary Artery Aneurysm Caused by a Stent Fracture. Int Heart J 2018; 59:203-208. [PMID: 29375112 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronary stent fracture (SF) is rare as a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and its adverse events are increasingly being recognized with the development in devices of PCI. The major adverse events caused by SFs are in-stent restenosis due to neointimal overgrowth caused by poor drug delivery.1,2) A coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is a rare complication of SF, but may lead to lethal events such as acute coronary syndrome or rupture of the CAA further leading to cardiac tamponade.3-5) However, the management of CAAs is controversial with or without SF.6) Herein, we report a case of a CAA caused by an SF and discuss the management of CAA complicated with SF, along with a literature review. We suggest that surgical treatment should be considered the higher-priority strategy in the cases of CAA with SF as compared to CAA without SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Oshima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Shun Minatsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Masahiro Myojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Satoshi Kodera
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Kan Nawata
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Jiro Ando
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
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6
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A Rare Case of Complete Stent Fracture, Coronary Arterial Transection, and Pseudoaneurysm Formation Induced by Repeated Stenting. Case Rep Cardiol 2015; 2015:192853. [PMID: 26543650 PMCID: PMC4620260 DOI: 10.1155/2015/192853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a rare asymptomatic case of complete stent fracture, coronary arterial transection, and pseudoaneurysm formation in response to repeated stenting. The proximal and distal ends of transected coronary artery were closed, and distal bypass was performed. Coronary arterial transection can occur in patients with repeated stenting as a long-term adverse event.
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7
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Kawai Y, Kitayama M, Akao H, Motoyama A, Tsuchiya T, Kajinami K. A case of coronary rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation after fracture of implanted paclitaxel-eluting stents. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2015; 31:231-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12928-015-0338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Kanakadandi U, Huang J, Lee K. Early vein graft failure leading to acute myocardial infarction, dehiscence and haemopericardium treated by percutaneous coil embolisation and balloon tamponade. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-202933. [PMID: 24496067 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-202933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Early vein graft failure is a well-described early complication of coronary artery bypass grafting. Revascularisation with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may limit the extent of myocardial damage and is associated with lower procedural complications compared than with emergency redo bypass surgery. We describe a case of an early saphenous vein graft (SVG) thrombosis presenting as an inferior ST-elevation to our non-surgical PCI site, complicated by SVG graft dehiscence leading to cardiac tamponade, which we treated with coil embolisation and balloon tamponade during the patient's transfer to a surgical facility for emergent haemopericardium evacuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kanakadandi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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9
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Stent-graft repair of a giant saphenous vein graft aneurysm. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21:828-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Ramirez FD, Hibbert B, Simard T, Pourdjabbar A, Wilson KR, Hibbert R, Kazmi M, Hawken S, Ruel M, Labinaz M, O'Brien ER. Natural History and Management of Aortocoronary Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysms. Circulation 2012; 126:2248-56. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Daniel Ramirez
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Trevor Simard
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Ali Pourdjabbar
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Kumanan R. Wilson
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Rebecca Hibbert
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Mustapha Kazmi
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Marino Labinaz
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
| | - Edward R. O'Brien
- From the Divisions of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H., T.S., A.P., M.K., M.L., E.R.O.) and Cardiac Surgery (M.R.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON; Department of Medicine (K.R.W.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging (R.H.), and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (S.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; and Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB (E.R.O.), Canada
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Sallam T, Levi D, Tobis J. Coil embolization of left coronary artery pseudoaneurysms arising as a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 80:1228-31. [PMID: 22419402 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coronary aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms have been described as rare complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is limited data available on the optimal treatment strategy for these conditions. Use of noninvasive techniques including covered stents has been described as a potential therapeutic strategy. We report a case of percutaneous coil embolization of two enlarging left anterior descending pseudoaneurysms arising as a complication of PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Oda H, Suzuki T. Combination therapy involving stenting and coil embolization for atherosclerotic narrowing complicated by a coronary aneurysm. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 79:275-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Brilakis ES, Banerjee S. Advances in the treatment of coronary artery aneurysms. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 77:1042-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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