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Lee YR, Jeong HM, Kim JS, Kim EA, Lee EH, Shim JH. Enzymatic formation of cyclic maltooligosaccharides for the application of quercetin inclusion complex. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120722. [PMID: 36925261 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
To improve the applicability of quercetin (QCT), we produced a QCT and cycloamylose (CA-QCT) inclusion complex based on the cyclization activity of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19). The encapsulated QCT was purified using recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and its formation was analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The water solubility of CA-QCT was 55,000-fold higher than that of QCT. CA-QCT had 97 % stability for one week at pH 8 in a 4 °C water bath. According to a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay, CA-QCT activity in aqueous solution was 24 times higher than that of an equal amount of QCT in aqueous solution. In an anti-inflammatory assay using lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, CA-QCT in aqueous solution decreased nitric oxide production in a similar manner to QCT in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Additionally, even under aqueous conditions, CA-QCT more effectively inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase, compared with QCT dissolved in DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rim Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong HM, Kang HN, Lee YR, Kim EA, Lee EH, Shim JH. Improved low water solubility of fisetin by enzymatic encapsulation reaction using cycloamylose produced by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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High-amylose maize starch: Structure, properties, modifications and industrial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120185. [PMID: 36876800 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-amylose maize refers to a special type of maize cultivar with a 50 %-90 % amylose content of the total starch. High-amylose maize starch (HAMS) is of interest because it possesses unique functionalities and provides many health benefits for humans. Therefore, many high-amylose maize varieties have been developed via mutation or transgenic breeding approaches. From the literature reviewed, the fine structure of HAMS is different from the waxy and normal corn starches, influencing its gelatinization, retrogradation, solubility, swelling power, freeze-thaw stability, transparency, pasting and rheological properties, and even in vitro digestion. HAMS has undergone physical, chemical, and enzymatical modifications to enhance its characteristics and thereby broaden its possible uses. HAMS has also been used for the benefit of increasing resistant starch levels in food products. This review summarizes the recent developments in our understanding of the extraction and chemical composition, structure, physicochemical properties, digestibility, modifications, and industrial applications of HAMS.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Research progresses on enzymatic modification of starch with 4-α-glucanotransferase. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Krusong K, Ismail A, Wangpaiboon K, Pongsawasdi P. Production of Large-Ring Cyclodextrins by Amylomaltases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041446. [PMID: 35209232 PMCID: PMC8875642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylomaltase is a well-known glucan transferase that can produce large ring cyclodextrins (LR-CDs) or so-called cycloamyloses via cyclization reaction. Amylomaltases have been found in several microorganisms and their optimum temperatures are generally around 60–70 °C for thermostable amylomaltases and 30–45 °C for the enzymes from mesophilic bacteria and plants. The optimum pHs for mesophilic amylomaltases are around pH 6.0–7.0, while the thermostable amylomaltases are generally active at more acidic conditions. Size of LR-CDs depends on the source of amylomaltases and the reaction conditions including pH, temperature, incubation time, and substrate. For example, in the case of amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum, LR-CD productions at alkaline pH or at a long incubation time favored products with a low degree of polymerization. In this review, we explore the synthesis of LR-CDs by amylomaltases, structural information of amylomaltases, as well as current applications of LR-CDs and amylomaltases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.I.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 66-(0)2-218-5413
| | - Abbas Ismail
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Suksiri P, Ismail A, Sirirattanachatchawan C, Wangpaiboon K, Muangsin N, Tananuwong K, Krusong K. Enhancement of large ring cyclodextrin production using pretreated starch by glycogen debranching enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:81-87. [PMID: 34678383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of large-ring cyclodextrins (LR-CDs) in any significant amount has been challenging. This study enhanced the LR-CDs production by Thermus filiformis amylomaltase (TfAM) enzyme by starch pretreatment using glycogen debranching enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgGDE). CgGDE pretreated tapioca starch gave LR-CD conversion of 31.2 ± 2.2%, compared with LR-CDs produced from non-treated tapioca starch (16.0 ± 2.4%). CgGDE pretreatment enhanced amylose content by approximately 30%. Notably, a shorter incubation time of 1 h is sufficient for CgGDE starch pretreatment to produce high LR-CD yield, compared with 6 h required for the commercial isoamylase. High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography coupled with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Gel Permeable Chromatography (GPC) revealed that CgGDE is more efficient than the commercial isoamylase in debranching tapioca starch and gave lower molecular weight products. In addition, lower amount of by-products (linear oligosaccharides) were detected in cyclization reaction when using CgGDE-pretreated starch. In conclusion, CgGDE is a highly effective enzyme to promote LR-CD synthesis from starch with a shorter incubation time than the commercial isoamylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchanok Suksiri
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abbas Ismail
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chay Sirirattanachatchawan
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanitha Tananuwong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Korompokis K, Verbeke K, Delcour JA. Structural factors governing starch digestion and glycemic responses and how they can be modified by enzymatic approaches: A review and a guide. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5965-5991. [PMID: 34601805 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Starch is the most abundant glycemic carbohydrate in the human diet. Consumption of starch-rich food products that elicit high glycemic responses has been linked to the occurrence of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Understanding the structural features that govern starch digestibility is a prerequisite for developing strategies to mitigate any negative health implications it may have. Here, we review the aspects of the fine molecular structure that in native, gelatinized, and gelled/retrograded starch directly impact its digestibility and thus human health. We next provide an informed guidance for lowering its digestibility by using specific enzymes tailoring its molecular and three-dimensional supramolecular structure. We finally discuss in vivo studies of the glycemic responses to enzymatically modified starches and relevant food applications. Overall, structure-digestibility relationships provide opportunities for targeted modification of starch during food production and improving the nutritional profile of starchy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Korompokis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Dong Z, Yang S, Dong X, Yang Y, Yan X, Su J, Tang C, Yao L, Kan Y. Characteristics, Protein Engineering, Heterologous Production, and Industrial Applications of Microbial Isoamylases. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- College of Physical Education Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Yongna Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Xueting Yan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Jiejie Su
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Cunduo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
- China‐UK‐NYNU‐RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan 473061 China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Region of Mid‐line of South‐to‐North Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio‐reactor College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China
- China‐UK‐NYNU‐RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan 473061 China
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Pearl millet grain as an emerging source of starch: A review on its structure, physicochemical properties, functionalization, and industrial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117776. [PMID: 33712132 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) is a sustainable and underutilized starch source, constituting up to 70 % starch in its grain. Pearl millet could be used as a cheaper source of starch as compared to other cereals for developing functional foods. This review is mainly focused on isolation methods, and chemical composition of the pearl millet starch (PMS). Techno-functional characteristics such as; gelatinization, pasting properties, solubility, swelling power, and digestibility to infer wider application of the PMS critically highlighted in the review. Native starches have limited functionalitiesfor food applications due to the instability in developed pastes and gels. A number of modifications (physical, mechanical and enzymatic) have been developed to increase the functionality and to obtain desired characteristics of PMS thus improving its utilization in food applications. Further, the utilization of native as well as modified PMS is also discussed comprehensively. In addition, a number of recommendations to further improve its functionality and increase its application are also discussed.
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Jung YK, Joo KS, Rho SJ, Kim YR. pH-dependent antioxidant stability of black rice anthocyanin complexed with cycloamylose. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Park J, Rho SJ, Kim YR. Enhancing antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of carnosic acid in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract by complexation with cyclic glucans. Food Chem 2019; 299:125119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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