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Gibson S, Hunter T, Johnson N. Case Report: Obstetric and COVID-19-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Three Patients with Sickle Hemoglobinopathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:1198-1200. [PMID: 38653217 PMCID: PMC11154032 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3% of pregnant women have sickle cell disease (SCD). COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became a global pandemic in March 2020, resulting in more than 3,500 deaths in Jamaica by April 2023. Sickle cell disease is an immunocompromised state; therefore, contracting COVID-19 may result in adverse maternal/neonatal outcomes. Current literature focusing on individuals of Afro-Caribbean descent is limited. Our objective was to describe the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with SCD who contracted COVID-19. A retrospective case series was conducted at the University Hospital of the West Indies (Jamaica) from 2020 to 2022. We describe the maternal and neonatal outcomes of three patients with COVID-19 and SCD (including two with hemoglobin SC disease and one with hemoglobin SS disease), with complications including the demise of a mother and a newborn. Vaso-occlusive crisis was the more common presentation. Two patients required ventilatory support. Although previous reports have shown similar clinical sequelae in pregnant and nonpregnant patients with SCD and COVID-19, maternal and neonatal deaths remain possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanea Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tiffany Hunter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Nadine Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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2
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Devarashetty SP, Grewal US, Le Blanc K, Walton J, Jones T, Shi R, Master SR, Mansour RP, Ramadas P. Sickle cell disease and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection: a single-center experience. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:1008-1012. [PMID: 37399057 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sickle cell disease (SCD) has been found to be associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and death from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We sought to study clinical outcomes in patients with SCD and a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients (>18 years) with SCD who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 1 March 2020 and 31 March 2021. Data on baseline characteristics and overall outcomes were collected and analyzed using SAS 9.4 for Windows. RESULTS A total of 51 patients with SCD were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the study period, out of which 39.3% were diagnosed and managed in the outpatient setting/emergency room (ER) and 60.3% in the inpatient setting. Disease-modifying therapy such as hydroxyurea did not impact inpatient vs outpatient/ER management (P > 0.05). Only 5.71% (n = 2) required intensive care unit admission and were mechanically ventilated and 3.9% (2 patients) died of complications of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION We identified a lower mortality (3.9%) rate among patients in our cohort in comparison to previous studies and a higher burden of inpatient hospitalizations as compared to outpatient/ER management. Further prospective data are needed to validate these findings. Key messages What is already known on this topic COVID-19 has been shown to have a disproportionately unfavorable impact on African Americans, including longer hospital stays, higher rates of ventilator dependence, and a higher overall mortality rate. Limited data also suggest that sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19. What this study adds Our analysis did not show a higher mortality due to COVID-19 in patients with SCD. However, we identified a high burden of inpatient hospitalizations in this population. COVID-19-related outcomes did not improve with the use of disease-modifying therapies. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy These results will aid in decision making for triage of patients with COVID-19 and SCD and ensure the most appropriate use of healthcare resources. Our analysis underscores the need for more robust data to identify patients at higher risk of severe disease and/or mortality, necessitating inpatient hospitalization and aggressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu P Devarashetty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Udhayvir S Grewal
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Kimberly Le Blanc
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Jacqueline Walton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Tabitha Jones
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Runhua Shi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Samip R Master
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Richard P Mansour
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
| | - Poornima Ramadas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, United States
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3
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Pereira LRG, da Silva MVG, Germano CMR, Estevao IF, Melo DG. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with sickle cell disease: an integrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1144226. [PMID: 37200963 PMCID: PMC10187638 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy among humans. As the condition promotes susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammation, and hypercoagulability disorders, several international agencies have included individuals with this disease in the COVID-19 risk group for severe outcomes. However, available information about the subject is not properly systematized yet. This review aimed to understand and summarize the scientific knowledge about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with sickle cell disease. Searches were performed in the Medline, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases based on descriptors chosen according to the Medical Subject Headings. We analyzed studies published between 2020 and October 2022, developed with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology, and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The search resulted in 90 articles organized into six categories. There is disagreement in the literature about how different aspects related to sickle cell disease, such as chronic inflammation status, hypercoagulability, hemolytic anemia, use of hydroxyurea, and access to medical care interference with the clinical course of COVID-19. These topics deserve further investigation. It is evident, however, that the infection may manifest in an atypical way and act as a trigger for the development of sickle cell-specific complications, such as acute chest syndrome and vaso-occlusive crises, conditions that are associated with great morbidity and mortality. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be aware of the different forms of presentation of COVID-19 among these individuals. Specific guidelines and therapeutic protocols, as well as public policies for sickle cell individuals, must be considered. Systematic review registration This review (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NH4AS) and the review protocol (https://osf.io/3y649/) are registered in the Open Science Framework platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora Gusmão Melo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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4
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Aminianfar M, Soleiman-Meigooni S, Hamidi-Farahani R, Darvishi M, Hoseini-Shokouh SJ, Asgari A, Faraji-Hormozi S, Asli M. Efficacy of Red Blood Cell Exchange as Adjunctive Treatment for Hypoxemia and Survival Rate of Patients With Severe Coronavirus-2 Disease: An Open-Labeled Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:899593. [PMID: 35872770 PMCID: PMC9304762 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.899593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 may infect red blood cells (RBCs) and impact oxygenation. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RBC exchange as an adjunctive treatment for hypoxemia and the survival rate of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods In a randomized clinical trial, we divided sixty patients with severe COVID-19 into two groups. The intervention group received the standard treatment of severe COVID-19 with RBC exchange three to four times in 2 days. The control group only received the standard treatment. Our primary outcomes were improving hypoxemia in 7 days, recovery or discharge, and death in 28 days. We conducted Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Fisher’s exact test to analyze the results. The ethical committee of Aja University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.AJAUMS.REC.1399.054), and the Iranian clinical trial registration organization registered it (IRCT20160316027081N2). Results Twenty-nine men and thirty-one women with a mean age of 67.5 years entered the study. The frequency of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 86.7 and 68.3%, respectively. The most common symptoms of severe COVID-19 were dyspnea (91.6%), cough (75%), and fever (66.6%). Our results showed that hypoxemia improved in 21 of the 30 patients (70%) in the intervention group and 10 of the 30 patients (33.3%) in the control group (P < 0.004). The recovery and discharge rates were 19 of 30 patients (63.3%) in the intervention group and 2 of 30 patients (6.7%) in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The RBC exchange improved the oxygenation and survival rate in patients with severe COVID-19.
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5
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Hoogenboom WS, Alamuri TT, McMahon DM, Balanchivadze N, Dabak V, Mitchell WB, Morrone KB, Manwani D, Duong TQ. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait: A critical appraisal of the literature. Blood Rev 2022; 53:100911. [PMID: 34838342 PMCID: PMC8605823 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell trait (SCT) have many risk factors that could make them more susceptible to COVID-19 critical illness and death compared to the general population. With a growing body of literature in this field, a comprehensive review is needed. We reviewed 71 COVID-19-related studies conducted in 15 countries and published between January 1, 2020, and October 15, 2021, including a combined total of over 2000 patients with SCD and nearly 2000 patients with SCT. Adults with SCD typically have a mild to moderate COVID-19 disease course, but also a 2- to 7-fold increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and a 1.2-fold increased risk of COVID-19-related death as compared to adults without SCD, but not compared to controls with similar comorbidities and end-organ damage. There is some evidence that persons with SCT have increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death although more studies with risk-stratification and properly matched controls are needed to confirm these findings. While the literature suggests that most children with SCD and COVID-19 have mild disease and low risk of death, some children with SCD, especially those with SCD-related comorbidities, are more likely to be hospitalized and require escalated care than children without SCD. However, children with SCD are less likely to experience COVID-19-related severe illness and death compared to adults with or without SCD. SCD-directed therapies such as transfusion and hydroxyurea may be associated with better COVID-19 outcomes, but prospective studies are needed for confirmation. While some studies have reported favorable short-term outcomes for COVID-19 patients with SCD and SCT, the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown and may affect individuals with SCD and SCT differently from the general population. Important focus areas for future research should include multi-center studies with larger sample sizes, assessment of hemoglobin genotype and SCD-modifying therapies on COVID-19 outcomes, inclusion of case-matched controls that account for the unique sample characteristics of SCD and SCT populations, and longitudinal assessment of post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S. Hoogenboom
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,Corresponding authors at: Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Tharun T. Alamuri
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel M. McMahon
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nino Balanchivadze
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Vrushali Dabak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - William B. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kerry B. Morrone
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tim Q. Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,Corresponding authors at: Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Okar L, Rezek M, Abdelhamid MT, Yassin MA. Case report of active pulmonary TB in a sickle cell disease patient. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 72:103073. [PMID: 34840778 PMCID: PMC8605379 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Sickle cell disease (SCD) and Tuberculosis (TB) are prevalent, and mostly concentrated in similar geographic areas. Since there is an overlap of the possible presenting symptoms of SCD complications and TB, a low threshold for suspicion of TB in these patients is recommended. We present a case of an active TB infection in a SCD patient that presented mainly with chronic cough. SCD and TB has similar geographic pattern in prevalence. Physician should distinguish between acute chest syndorme that happens among SCD patients and the presentation of active TB either clinical or radiographically. Raising the clinical submission of TB infection in patients with SCD presenting with chronic cough only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Okar
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad Rezek
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology Section, National Center for Cancer Care & Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Sayad B, Karimi M, Rahimi Z. Sickle cell disease and COVID-19: Susceptibility and severity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29075. [PMID: 34061431 PMCID: PMC8209850 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed published papers and an international sickle cell disease (SCD) registry to detect susceptibility and clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in SCD patients. COVID-19 presentation was mild in children and moderate in many SCD adults. Regarding increased comorbidities with age, it seems severe COVID-19 to be more common in older SCD patients. Although the overall outcome of COVID-19 was favorable in SCD children, a high rate of pediatric intensive care unit admission should be considered in managing these patients. To explain COVID-19 outcome in SCD patients, the possible benefits of hydroxyurea therapy could be considered. The obtained results should be interpreted, considering low cases from sub-Saharan people, younger age of SCD patients compared to general population, a bias toward registry of the more severe form of disease, the effect of pre-existing comorbidities with multisystem organ damage, and the role of health socio-economic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Sayad
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mehran Karimi
- Hematology Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical SchoolKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran,Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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8
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Nguyen V, Alcius P, Peles S, Hodgin K. A Fresh Breath of Oxygen: Red Blood Cell Exchange Transfusion in Sickle Cell and COVID-19. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04655. [PMID: 34466242 PMCID: PMC8385183 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell exchange transfusion may be beneficial and should be considered in the early management of patients with sickle cell disease and COVID-19 to prevent the need for intubation and intensive care unit admission due to respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shachar Peles
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research InstituteLake WorthFLUSA
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9
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Alkindi S, Elsadek RA, Al-Madhani A, Al-Musalhi M, AlKindi SY, Al-Khadouri G, Al Rawahi B, Al-Ruqeishi S, Al-Yazeedi J, Wali YA, Al Shamakhi S, Al Rawahi M, Pathare AV. Impact of COVID-19 on vasooclusive crisis in patients with sickle cell anaemia. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:128-133. [PMID: 33741487 PMCID: PMC7962915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to assess COVID-19 impact on the morbidity and mortality of vasooclusive crisis (VOC) in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients. Methods A prospective cohort study of 100 SCA patients; 50 with COVID-19 (COVID group) and 50 without (non-COVID group). All patients signed written informed consent. Results The COVID group had a significantly higher VOC episode median per year; 3 (IQR,1-6) vs 2 (IQR,2-12) (P < 0.05). The need for hospitalisation was similar in both groups. The non-COVID group had more history of culture-proven infection (P = 0.05). The COVID-group had more osteonecrosis (P < 0.05), splenic sequestration, splenomegaly and hepatic crisis (P = 0.05, 0.006, 0.02; respectively) and significantly higher (P < 0.05) symptoms of fever, cough, fatigue, abdominal pain and anosmia. Mean haemoglobin, lymphocyte subset, platelets, and reticulocytes were reduced in both groups, while lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels were significantly elevated. In the COVID group, the rise in white blood cell count, reticulocyte percentage, platelets and ferritin was subdued (P < 0.05). Two patients in the COVID group and 3 in the non-COVID group died; there was no statistically significant difference in mortality. Conclusions Although COVID-19 may have triggered the onset of VOC, it did not significantly influence VOC-related morbidity or mortality in this SCA cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alkindi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman.
| | - R A Elsadek
- Department of Medicine-Nizwa Hospital, Nizwa, Oman
| | - A Al-Madhani
- Department of Medicine, Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Oman
| | - M Al-Musalhi
- Laboratory Department, Ibra Hospital, Ibra, Oman
| | - S Y AlKindi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - G Al-Khadouri
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
| | - B Al Rawahi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
| | - S Al-Ruqeishi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
| | | | - Y A Wali
- Paediatric Haematology Unit, Child Health Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Oman
| | - S Al Shamakhi
- Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - M Al Rawahi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - A V Pathare
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
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Okar L, Rezek M, Gameil A, Mulikandayhil Y, Yassin MA. Severe hemolysis and vaso-occlusive crisis due to COVID-19 infection in a sickle cell disease patient improved after red blood cell exchange. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2117-2121. [PMID: 33821186 PMCID: PMC8013421 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though most data suggest favorable outcome in patients with SCD and COVID‐19 infection, close monitoring remains essential as acute complication may develop unexpectedly. Offering RBC exchange early in the course of infection might improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Okar
- Department of medical education Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Mohamad Rezek
- Department of medical education Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Amna Gameil
- Department of medical education Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Department of medical oncology, hematology Section National Center for Cancer Care & Research Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
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11
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Okar L, Aldeeb M, Yassin MA. The role of red blood cell exchange in sickle cell disease in patient with COVID-19 infection and pulmonary infiltrates. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:337-344. [PMID: 33362923 PMCID: PMC7753272 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the overlap between ACS and COVID-19 pneumonia, we recommend close monitoring for those patients and offering them RBC exchange early in the course of the disease to avoid clinical deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Okar
- Department of Medical EducationHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Maya Aldeeb
- Department of Medical EducationHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Mohamed A. Yassin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology SectionNational Center for Cancer Care & ResearchHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
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