1
|
Wang M, Yang Q. Microenvironment engineering of supported metal nanoparticles for chemoselective hydrogenation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13291-13302. [PMID: 36507185 PMCID: PMC9682894 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation with supported metal catalysts widely used in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals often faces a trade-off between activity and selectivity, mainly due to the inability to adjust one factor of the active sites without affecting other factors. In order to solve this bottleneck problem, the modulation of the microenvironment of active sites has attracted more and more attention, inspired by the collaborative catalytic mode of enzymes. In this perspective, we aim to summarize recent advances in the regulation of the microenvironment surrounding supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) using porous materials enriched with organic functional groups. Insights on how the microenvironment induces the enrichment, oriented adsorption and activation of substrates through non-covalent interaction and thus determines the hydrogenation activity and selectivity will be particularly discussed. Finally, a brief summary will be provided, and challenges together with a perspective in microenvironment engineering will be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kurtoğlu-Öztulum SF, KaanYalçın, Zhao Y, Pelin Çağlayan H, Hoffman AS, Gates BC, Bare SR, Ünal U, Uzun A. Transformation of Reduced Graphene Aerogel-Supported Atomically Dispersed Iridium into Stable Clusters Approximated as Ir6 during Ethylene Hydrogenation Catalysis. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
3
|
Yonezawa AF, Nagurniak GR, Orenha RP, Silva EHD, Parreira RLT, Piotrowski MJ. Stability Changes in Iridium Nanoclusters via Monoxide Adsorption: A DFT Study within the van der Waals Corrections. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4805-4818. [PMID: 34048257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small iridium nanoclusters are prominent subnanometric systems for catalysis-related applications, mainly because of a large surface-to-volume ratio, noncoalescence feature, and tunable properties, which are completely influenced by the number of atoms, geometry, and molecular interaction with the chemical environment. Herein, we investigate the interaction between Irn nanoclusters (n = 2-7) and polluting molecules, CO, NO, and SO, using van der Waals D3 corrected density functional theory calculations. Starting from a representative structural set, we determine the growth pattern of the lowest energy unprotected Irn nanoclusters, which is based on open structural motifs, and from the adsorption of a XO (X = C, N, and S) molecule, the preferred high-symmetric adsorption sites were determined, dominated by the onefold top site. For protected systems, 4XO/Ir4 and 6XO/Ir6, we found a reduction in the total magnetic moment, while the equilibrium bonds of the nanoclusters expanded (contracted) due to mCO and mNO (mSO) adsorption, with exceptions for systems with large structural distortions (4SO/Ir4 and 6NO/Ir6). Meanwhile, the C-O and N-O (S-O) bond strength decreases (increases) following an increase (decrease) in the C-O and N-O (S-O) distances upon adsorption. We show, through energetic analysis, that for the different chemical environments, relative stability changes occur from the most stable unprotected nanoclusters, planar square (Ir4), and prism (Ir6) to higher energy isomers. The change in the stability order between the two competing protected systems is feasible if the balance between the interaction energy (additive term) and distortion energies (nonadditive terms) compensates for the relative total energies of the unprotected configurations. For all systems, the interaction energy is the main reason responsible for stability alterations, except for 4SO/Ir4, where the main contribution is from a small penalty due to Ir4 distortions upon adsorption, and for 4NO/Ir4, where the energetic effects from the adsorption do not overcome the difference between the binding energies of the unprotected nanoclusters. Finally, from energy decomposition and Hirshfeld charge analysis, we find a predominant covalent nature of the physical contributions in mOX···Irn interactions with a cationic core (Irn) and an anionic shell (XO coverage).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex F Yonezawa
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Glaucio R Nagurniak
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 89036-004 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Renato P Orenha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Eder H da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato L T Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404-600 Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício J Piotrowski
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Pelotas, PO Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cooper C, Dooley KM, Fierro-Gonzalez JC, Guzman J, Jentoft R, Lamb HH, Ogino I, Runnebaum RC, Sapre A, Uzun A. Bruce Gates: A Career in Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cawas Cooper
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Kerry M. Dooley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Juan C. Fierro-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico en Celaya, Av. Tecnologico y Antonio Garcia Cubas s/n, Celaya, Guanajuato 38010, Mexico
| | - Javier Guzman
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co., 22777 Springwood Village Parkway, Spring, Texas 77389, United States
| | - Rolf Jentoft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 154D Goessmann Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - H. Henry Lamb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Isao Ogino
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ron C. Runnebaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California−Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ajit Sapre
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, 400701, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babucci M, Hoffman AS, Debefve LM, Kurtoglu SF, Bare SR, Gates BC, Uzun A. Unraveling the individual influences of supports and ionic liquid coatings on the catalytic properties of supported iridium complexes and iridium clusters. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Yang D, Gaggioli CA, Conley E, Babucci M, Gagliardi L, Gates BC. Synthesis and characterization of tetrairidium clusters in the metal organic framework UiO-67: Catalyst for ethylene hydrogenation. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Li Z, Ji S, Liu Y, Cao X, Tian S, Chen Y, Niu Z, Li Y. Well-Defined Materials for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Nanoparticles to Isolated Single-Atom Sites. Chem Rev 2019; 120:623-682. [PMID: 31868347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of well-defined materials in heterogeneous catalysis will open up numerous new opportunities for the development of advanced catalysts to address the global challenges in energy and the environment. This review surveys the roles of nanoparticles and isolated single atom sites in catalytic reactions. In the second section, the effects of size, shape, and metal-support interactions are discussed for nanostructured catalysts. Case studies are summarized to illustrate the dynamics of structure evolution of well-defined nanoparticles under certain reaction conditions. In the third section, we review the syntheses and catalytic applications of isolated single atomic sites anchored on different types of supports. In the final part, we conclude by highlighting the challenges and opportunities of well-defined materials for catalyst development and gaining a fundamental understanding of their active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shufang Ji
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shubo Tian
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yuanjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ge Y, Le A, Marquino GJ, Nguyen PQ, Trujillo K, Schimelfenig M, Noble A. Tools for Prescreening the Most Active Sites on Ir and Rh Clusters toward C-H Bond Cleavage of Ethane: NBO Charges and Wiberg Bond Indexes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18809-18819. [PMID: 31737843 PMCID: PMC6854828 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
B3LYP calculations were carried out to study the insertion of iridium (Ir) and rhodium (Rh) clusters into a C-H bond of ethane, which is often the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Our previous research on Ir catalysis correlates the diffusivity of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the Ir clusters and the relative activities of the various catalytic sites. The drawback of this research is that the molecular orbital visualization is qualitative rather than quantitative. Therefore, in this study on C-H bond activation by the Ir and Rh clusters, we conducted analyses of natural bond orbital (NBO) charges and Wiberg bond indexes (WBIs), both of which are not only quantitative but also independent of the basis sets. We found strong correlation between the NBO charges, the WBIs, and the relative activities of the various catalytic sites on the Ir and Rh clusters. Analyses of the NBO charges and the WBIs provide a fast and reliable means of prescreening the most active sites on the Ir and Rh clusters and potentially on other similar transition-metal clusters that activate the C-H bonds of ethane and other light alkanes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan E, Debefve L, Vasiliu M, Zhang S, Dixon DA, Gates BC. MgO-Supported Iridium Metal Pair-Site Catalysts Are More Active and Resistant to CO Poisoning than Analogous Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene Hydrogenation and Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marks JH, Ward TB, Brathwaite AD, Ferguson S, Duncan MA. Cyclotrimerization of Acetylene in Gas Phase V+(C2H2)n Complexes: Detection of Intermediates and Products with Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6733-6743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Timothy B. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Sojourna Ferguson
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands 00802
| | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grajciar L, Heard CJ, Bondarenko AA, Polynski MV, Meeprasert J, Pidko EA, Nachtigall P. Towards operando computational modeling in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8307-8348. [PMID: 30204184 PMCID: PMC6240816 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased synergy between experimental and theoretical investigations in heterogeneous catalysis has become apparent during the last decade. Experimental work has extended from ultra-high vacuum and low temperature towards operando conditions. These developments have motivated the computational community to move from standard descriptive computational models, based on inspection of the potential energy surface at 0 K and low reactant concentrations (0 K/UHV model), to more realistic conditions. The transition from 0 K/UHV to operando models has been backed by significant developments in computer hardware and software over the past few decades. New methodological developments, designed to overcome part of the gap between 0 K/UHV and operando conditions, include (i) global optimization techniques, (ii) ab initio constrained thermodynamics, (iii) biased molecular dynamics, (iv) microkinetic models of reaction networks and (v) machine learning approaches. The importance of the transition is highlighted by discussing how the molecular level picture of catalytic sites and the associated reaction mechanisms changes when the chemical environment, pressure and temperature effects are correctly accounted for in molecular simulations. It is the purpose of this review to discuss each method on an equal footing, and to draw connections between methods, particularly where they may be applied in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Grajciar
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| | - Christopher J. Heard
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| | - Anton A. Bondarenko
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Polynski
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
| | - Jittima Meeprasert
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group
, Department of Chemical Engineering
, Faculty of Applied Sciences
, Delft University of Technology
,
Van der Maasweg 9
, 2629 HZ Delft
, The Netherlands
.
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group
, Department of Chemical Engineering
, Faculty of Applied Sciences
, Delft University of Technology
,
Van der Maasweg 9
, 2629 HZ Delft
, The Netherlands
.
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tian S, Fu Q, Chen W, Feng Q, Chen Z, Zhang J, Cheong WC, Yu R, Gu L, Dong J, Luo J, Chen C, Peng Q, Draxl C, Wang D, Li Y. Carbon nitride supported Fe 2 cluster catalysts with superior performance for alkene epoxidation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2353. [PMID: 29907774 PMCID: PMC6003949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-nano metal clusters often exhibit unique and unexpected properties, which make them particularly attractive as catalysts. Herein, we report a "precursor-preselected" wet-chemistry strategy to synthesize highly dispersed Fe2 clusters that are supported on mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4). The obtained Fe2/mpg-C3N4 sample exhibits superior catalytic performance for the epoxidation of trans-stilbene to trans-stilbene oxide, showing outstanding selectivity of 93% at high conversion of 91%. Molecular oxygen is the only oxidant and no aldehyde is used as co-reagent. Under the same condition, by contrast, iron porphyrin, single-atom Fe, and small Fe nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm) are nearly reactively inert. First-principles calculations reveal that the unique reactivity of the Fe2 clusters originates from the formation of active oxygen species. The general applicability of the synthesis approach is further demonstrated by producing other diatomic clusters like Pd2 and Ir2, which lays the foundation for discovering diatomic cluster catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Quanchen Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Weng-Chon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Claudia Draxl
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Metal Clusters Dispersed on Oxide Supports: Preparation Methods and Metal-Support Interactions. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
14
|
Piotrowski MJ, Nagurniak GR, Silva EHD, Parreira RLT. Bareversusprotected tetrairidium clusters by density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29480-29492. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The lowest energy configuration of the tetrairidium cluster is a square planar isomer in bare case, while the tetrahedral configuration is assumed in different chemical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eder H. da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade de Franca
- Franca
- Brazil
| | - Renato L. T. Parreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade de Franca
- Franca
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohajeri A, Hassani N, Mousavipour SH. NO oxidation catalyzed by Ir4-based nanoclusters: the role of alloying on the catalytic activity. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Finney EE, Finke RG. Catalyst Sintering Kinetics Data: Is There a Minimal Chemical Mechanism Underlying Kinetics Previously Fit by Empirical Power-Law Expressions—and if So, What Are Its Implications? Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Finney
- Department
of Chemistry, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington 98447, United States
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Zhang S, Foyle SD, Okrut A, Solovyov A, Katz A, Gates BC, Dixon DA. Role of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Ligands in Iridium Carbonyl Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5029-5044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Sawyer D. Foyle
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Alexander Okrut
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Solovyov
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ge Y, Jiang H, Kato R, Gummagatta P. Size and Site Dependence of the Catalytic Activity of Iridium Clusters toward Ethane Dehydrogenation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9500-9508. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Russell Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Prasuna Gummagatta
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Özkar S, Finke RG. Palladium(0) Nanoparticle Formation, Stabilization, and Mechanistic Studies: Pd(acac)₂ as a Preferred Precursor, [Bu₄N]₂HPO₄ Stabilizer, plus the Stoichiometry, Kinetics, and Minimal, Four-Step Mechanism of the Palladium Nanoparticle Formation and Subsequent Agglomeration Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3699-716. [PMID: 27046305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Palladium(0) nanoparticles continue to be important in the field of catalysis. However, and despite the many prior reports of Pd(0)n nanoparticles, missing is a study that reports the kinetically controlled formation of Pd(0)n nanoparticles with the simple stabilizer [Bu4N]2HPO4 in an established, balanced formation reaction where the kinetics and mechanism of the nanoparticle-formation reaction are also provided. It is just such studies that are the focus of the present work. Specifically, the present studies reveal that Pd(acac)2, in the presence of 1 equiv of [Bu4N]2HPO4 as stabilizer in propylene carbonate, serves as a preferred precatalyst for the kinetically controlled nucleation following reduction under 40 ± 1 psig initial H2 pressure at 22.0 ± 0.1 °C to yield 7 ± 2 nm palladium(0) nanoparticles. Studies of the balanced stoichiometry of the Pd(0)n nanoparticle-formation reaction shows that 1.0 Pd(acac)2 consumes 1.0 equiv of H2 and produces 1.0 equiv of Pd(0)n while also releasing 2.0 ± 0.2 equiv of acetylacetone. The inexpensive, readily available HPO4(2-) also proved to be as effective a Pd(0)n nanoparticle stabilizer as the more anionic, sterically larger, "Gold Standard" stabilizer P2W15Nb3O62(9-). The kinetics and associated minimal mechanism of formation of the [Bu4N]2HPO4-stabilized Pd(0)n nanoparticles are also provided, arguably the most novel part of the present studies, specifically the four-step mechanism of nucleation (A → B, rate constant k1), autocatalytic surface growth (A + B → 2B, rate constant k2), bimolecular agglomeration (B + B → C, rate constant k3), and secondary autocatalytic surface growth (A + C → 1.5C, rate constant k4), where A is Pd(acac)2, B represents the growing, smaller Pd(0)n nanoparticles, and C represents the larger, most catalytically active Pd(0)n nanoparticles. Additional details on the mechanism and catalytic properties of the resultant Pd(0)n·HPO4(2-) nanoparticles are provided in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saim Özkar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 United States
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Richard G Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han J, Wang C, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu ZK, Jiang J. Atomic-Level Mechanisms of Nucleation of Pure Liquid Metals during Rapid Cooling. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3916-27. [PMID: 26502833 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a material with the desired performance, the atomic-level mechanisms of nucleation from the liquid to solid phase must be understood. Although this transition has been investigated experimentally and theoretically, its atomic-level mechanisms remain debatable. In this work, the nucleation mechanisms of pure Fe under rapid cooling conditions are investigated. The local atomic packing stability and liquid-to-solid transition-energy pathways of Fe are studied using molecular dynamics simulations and first-principle calculations. The results are expressed as functions of cluster size in units of amorphous clusters (ACs) and body-centered cubic crystalline clusters (BCC-CCs). We found the prototypes of ACs in supercooled liquids and successfully divided these ACs to three categories according to their transition-energy pathways. The information obtained in this study could contribute to our current understanding of the crystallization of metallic melts during rapid cooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rhodium nanoparticles stabilized by sulfonic acid functionalized metal-organic framework for the selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Structures, relative energies, and ligand dissociation energies of iridium carbonyl phosphine clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Davis JBA, Shayeghi A, Horswell SL, Johnston RL. The Birmingham parallel genetic algorithm and its application to the direct DFT global optimisation of Ir(N) (N = 10-20) clusters. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14032-8. [PMID: 26239404 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A new open-source parallel genetic algorithm, the Birmingham parallel genetic algorithm, is introduced for the direct density functional theory global optimisation of metallic nanoparticles. The program utilises a pool genetic algorithm methodology for the efficient use of massively parallel computational resources. The scaling capability of the Birmingham parallel genetic algorithm is demonstrated through its application to the global optimisation of iridium clusters with 10 to 20 atoms, a catalytically important system with interesting size-specific effects. This is the first study of its type on Iridium clusters of this size and the parallel algorithm is shown to be capable of scaling beyond previous size restrictions and accurately characterising the structures of these larger system sizes. By globally optimising the system directly at the density functional level of theory, the code captures the cubic structures commonly found in sub-nanometre sized Ir clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack B A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bayram E, Lu J, Aydin C, Browning ND, Özkar S, Finney E, Gates BC, Finke RG. Agglomerative Sintering of an Atomically Dispersed Ir1/Zeolite Y Catalyst: Compelling Evidence Against Ostwald Ripening but for Bimolecular and Autocatalytic Agglomeration Catalyst Sintering Steps. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Bayram
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jing Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ceren Aydin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Saim Özkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric Finney
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smykowski D, Nowak K, Łużny R, Szczygieł J, Szyja BM. The role of Ir4 cluster in enhancing the adsorption of CO2 on selected zeolites - GCMC simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 59:72-80. [PMID: 25911955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the adsorption of CO2 molecules inside the EMT, SAO, SBS, SBT and IWS zeolites with respect to the influence of the Ir4 clusters on the adsorption capabilities of these materials. We have determined that the capabilities of CO2 adsorption depend on the combined effect of the framework topology and the position of the Ir4 cluster. Adsorption intensifies despite the fact that a fraction of the pore volume is occupied by the Ir4 cluster, and thus, the adsorption is more intense than that on empty zeolite. The pore topology however is also playing a crucial role in the effect, as in certain cases it allows the CO2 molecules to order in such a way they fill the most pore space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Smykowski
- Wrocław University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Kacper Nowak
- Wrocław University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Łużny
- Wrocław University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Szczygieł
- Wrocław University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej M Szyja
- Institute for Solid State Theory, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm Klemm Str. 10, 48148 Münster, Germany; Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dixon DA, Katz A, Arslan I, Gates BC. Beyond Relationships Between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Yin C, Zheng F, Lee S, Guo J, Wang WC, Kwon G, Vajda V, Wang HH, Lee B, DeBartolo J, Seifert S, Winans RE, Vajda S. Size- and support-dependent evolution of the oxidation state and structure by oxidation of subnanometer cobalt clusters. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8477-84. [PMID: 24922443 DOI: 10.1021/jp501817u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Size-selected subnanometer cobalt clusters with 4, 7, and 27 cobalt atoms supported on amorphous alumina and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) surfaces were oxidized after exposure to ambient air. Grazing incidence X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (GIXANES) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) were used to characterize the clusters revealed a strong dependency of the oxidation state and structure of the clusters on the surface. A dominant Co(2+) phase was identified in all samples. However, XANES analysis of cobalt clusters on UNCD showed that ∼10% fraction of a Co(0) phase was identified for all three cluster sizes and about 30 and 12% fraction of a Co(3+) phase in 4, 7, and 27 atom clusters, respectively. In the alumina-supported clusters, the dominating Co(2+) component was attributed to a cobalt aluminate, indicative of a very strong binding to the support. NEXAFS showed that in addition to strong binding of the clusters to alumina, their structure to a great extent follows the tetrahedral morphology of the support. All supported clusters were found to be resistant to agglomeration when exposed to reactive gases at elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Yin
- Materials Science Division, ‡X-ray Science Division, and ▽Nanoscience and Technology Center, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smykowski D, Szyja B, Szczygieł J. GCMC simulations of CO2 adsorption on zeolite-supported Ir4 clusters. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 50:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
30
|
Davis JBA, Horswell SL, Johnston RL. Global Optimization of 8–10 Atom Palladium–Iridium Nanoalloys at the DFT Level. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:208-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408519z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack B. A. Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Horswell
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy L. Johnston
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen M, Dixon DA. Low-Lying Electronic States of Irn Clusters with n = 2–8 Predicted at the DFT, CASSCF, and CCSD(T) Levels. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3676-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4014465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
35487-0336, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Adams RD, Chen M, Elpitiya G, Yang X, Zhang Q. Semibridging Phenyl Ligands in Iridium–Copper and Iridium–Silver Cluster Compounds: Synthesis, Structures, and Bonding. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400133w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gaya Elpitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Molecular Graphics and Computation Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Structural
Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
South Carolina 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Paz-Borbón LO, Hellman A, Thomas JM, Grönbeck H. Efficient hydrogenation over single-site bimetallic RuSn clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9694-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Lu J, Aydin C, Browning ND, Wang L, Gates BC. Sinter-Resistant Catalysts: Supported Iridium Nanoclusters with Intrinsically Limited Sizes. Catal Letters 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-012-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Shi H, Li X, Haller GL, Gutiérrez OY, Lercher JA. Active sites and reactive intermediates in the hydrogenolytic cleavage of C–C bonds in cyclohexane over supported iridium. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
Adams RD, Chen M. Synthesis and Structures of Iridium–Gold Carbonyl Cluster Compounds Containing Methyl and σ-Aryl Ligands. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Adams RD, Chen M, Yang X. Iridium–Gold Cluster Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and an Unusual Ligand-Induced Skeletal Rearrangement. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Molecular Graphics and Computation
Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu J, Aydin C, Browning ND, Gates BC. Hydrogen activation and metal hydride formation trigger cluster formation from supported iridium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5022-5. [PMID: 22397595 DOI: 10.1021/ja211380p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of iridium clusters from supported mononuclear iridium complexes in H(2) at 300 K and 1 bar was investigated by spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The first steps of cluster formation from zeolite-supported Ir(C(2)H(4))(2) complexes are triggered by the activation of H(2) and the formation of iridium hydride, accompanied by the breaking of iridium-support bonds. This reactivity can be controlled by the choice of ligands on the iridium, which include the support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aydin C, Lu J, Shirai M, Browning ND, Gates BC. Ir6 Clusters Compartmentalized in the Supercages of Zeolite NaY: Direct Imaging of a Catalyst with Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs2004104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Aydin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Masayuki Shirai
- Research Center for Compact Chemical Systems, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino, Sendai 983-8551, Japan
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 700 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lu J, Serna P, Aydin C, Browning ND, Gates BC. Supported Molecular Iridium Catalysts: Resolving Effects of Metal Nuclearity and Supports as Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16186-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206486j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Pedro Serna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ceren Aydin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|