1
|
Paul K, Gaikwad M, Choudhary P, Mohan N, Pai P, Patil SD, Pawar Y, Chawande A, Banerjee A, Nagle V, Chelliah M, Sapre A, Dasgupta S. Year-round sustainable biomass production potential of Nannochloris sp. in outdoor raceway pond enabled through strategic photobiological screening. Photosynth Res 2022; 154:303-328. [PMID: 36434418 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation utilizes the energy of sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) for producing renewable energy feedstock. The commercial success of the biological fixation of carbon in a consistent manner depends upon the availability of a robust microalgae strain. In the present work, we report the identification of a novel marine Nannochloris sp. through multiparametric photosynthetic evaluation. Detailed photobiological analysis of this strain has revealed a smaller functional antenna, faster relaxation kinetics of non-photochemical quenching, and a high photosynthetic rate with increasing light and temperatures. Furthermore, laboratory scale growth assessment demonstrated a broad range halotolerance of 10-70 parts per thousand (PPT) and high-temperature tolerance up to 45 °C. Such traits led to the translation of biomass productivity potential from the laboratory scale (0.2-3.0 L) to the outdoor 50,000 L raceway pond scale (500-m2) without any pond crashes. The current investigation revealed outdoor single-day peak areal biomass productivity of 43 g m-2 d-1 in summer with an annual (March 2019-February 2020) average productivity of 20 g m-2 d-1 in seawater. From a sustainability perspective, this is the first report of successful round-the-year (> 347 days) multi-season (summer, monsoon, and winter) outdoor cultivation of Nannochloris sp. in broad seawater salinity (1-57 PPT), wide temperature ranges (15-40 °C), and in fluctuating light conditions. Concurrently, outdoor cultivation of this strain demonstrated conducive fatty acid distribution, including increased unsaturated fatty acids in winter. This inherent characteristic might play a role in protecting photosynthesis machinery at low temperatures and in high light stress. Altogether, our marine Nannochloris sp. showed tremendous potential for commercial scale cultivation to produce biofuels, food ingredients, and a sustainable source for vegetarian protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Paul
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Mahadev Gaikwad
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | | | | | - Puja Pai
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Smita D Patil
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Yogesh Pawar
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Akshay Chawande
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Arun Banerjee
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India.
| | - Vinod Nagle
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | | | - Ajit Sapre
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane- Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sapre A. Role of Chemical Reaction Engineering for sustainable growth: One Industrial perspective from India. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Saxena N, Prabhu V, Chandra H, Ghadge R, Bhujade R, Sapre A. Mathematical approach to compute the molecular composition of hydrothermal liquefaction‐derived renewable crude oil. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ajit Sapre
- Reliance Industries Limited Mumbai Maharashtra India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cooper C, Dooley KM, Fierro-Gonzalez JC, Guzman J, Jentoft R, Lamb HH, Ogino I, Runnebaum RC, Sapre A, Uzun A. Bruce Gates: A Career in Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cawas Cooper
- Codexis Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Kerry M. Dooley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Juan C. Fierro-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico en Celaya, Av. Tecnologico y Antonio Garcia Cubas s/n, Celaya, Guanajuato 38010, Mexico
| | - Javier Guzman
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co., 22777 Springwood Village Parkway, Spring, Texas 77389, United States
| | - Rolf Jentoft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 154D Goessmann Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, United States
| | - H. Henry Lamb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Isao Ogino
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ron C. Runnebaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California−Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ajit Sapre
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, 400701, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zarmi Y, Gordon JM, Mahulkar A, Khopkar AR, Patil SD, Banerjee A, Reddy BG, Griffin TP, Sapre A. Enhanced Algal Photosynthetic Photon Efficiency by Pulsed Light. iScience 2020; 23:101115. [PMID: 32434141 PMCID: PMC7235644 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present experimental results demonstrating that, relative to continuous illumination, an increase of a factor of 3-10 in the photon efficiency of algal photosynthesis is attainable via the judicious application of pulsed light for light intensities of practical interest (e.g., average-to-peak solar irradiance). We also propose a simple model that can account for all the measurements. The model (1) reflects the essential rate-limiting elements in bioproductivity, (2) incorporates the impact of photon arrival-time statistics, and (3) accounts for how the enhancement in photon efficiency depends on the timescales of light pulsing and photon flux density. The key is avoiding "clogging" of the photosynthetic pathway by properly timing the light-dark cycles experienced by algal cells. We show how this can be realized with pulsed light sources, or by producing pulsed-light effects from continuous illumination via turbulent mixing in dense algal cultures in thin photobioreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Zarmi
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel.
| | - Jeffrey M Gordon
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel; School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ajit Sapre
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Mumbai, MH, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Batchu NK, Khater S, Patil S, Nagle V, Das G, Bhadra B, Sapre A, Dasgupta S. Whole genome sequence analysis of Geitlerinema sp. FC II unveils competitive edge of the strain in marine cultivation system for biofuel production. Genomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Algal oil as an alternative to fossil fuel has attracted attention since the 1940s, when it was discovered that many microalgae species can produce large amounts of lipids. Economics and energy security were the motivational factors for a spurt in algae research during the 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s. Whenever crude prices declined, research on algae stopped. The scenario today is different. Even given low and volatile crude prices ($30-$50/barrel), interest in algae continues all over the world. Algae, with their cure-all characteristics, have the potential to provide sustainable solutions to problems in the energy-food-climate nexus. However, after years of effort, there are no signs of algae-to-biofuel technology being commercialized. This article critically reviews past work; summarizes the current status of the technology; and based on the lessons learned, provides a balanced perspective on a potential path toward commercialization of algae-to-oil technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bhujade
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| | - Mandan Chidambaram
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| | - Ajit Sapre
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701, India; , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taggart W, Musliner T, Reber M, Sudhop T, Sapre A, von Bergmann K, Luetjohann D. Abstract: P972 CHANGES IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF PHYTOSTEROLS AND CHOLESTEROL BY EZETIMIBE AND/OR SIMVASTATIN IN MEN. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Lütjohann D, von Bergmann K, Sirah W, Macdonell G, Johnson-Levonas AO, Shah A, Lin J, Sapre A, Musliner T. Long-term efficacy and safety of ezetimibe 10 mg in patients with homozygous sitosterolemia: a 2-year, open-label extension study. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1499-510. [PMID: 18822021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term efficacy and safety profile of ezetimibe 10 mg/day in patients with homozygous sitosterolemia. METHODS This was an extension of a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled base study in which patients with homozygous sitosterolemia and plasma sitosterol concentrations > 5 mg/dl were randomised 4 : 1 to ezetimibe 10 mg/day (n = 30) or placebo (n = 7) for 8 weeks. Patients who successfully completed the base study with > 80% compliance to study medication were eligible to enter two, successive, 1-year extension studies in which ezetimibe 10 mg/day was administered in an open-label manner. Patients remained on their current treatment regimen (e.g. bile salt-binding resins, statins and low-sterol diet) during the base and extension studies. Patients had to be off ezetimibe therapy for > or = 4 weeks prior to entering the first extension. Efficacy and safety/tolerability parameters were evaluated every 12 and 26 weeks in the first and second years respectively. The primary efficacy end-point was mean percentage change in plasma sitosterol from baseline to study end for the cohort of patients (n = 21) who successfully completed the second extension study. RESULTS Treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg/day led to significant mean percentage reductions from baseline in plasma concentrations of sitosterol (-43.9%; p < 0.001), campesterol (-50.8%; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) sterols (-13.1%; p < 0.050), total sterols (-10.3%; p < 0.050) and apolipoprotein (apo) B (-10.1%; p < 0.050). No significant changes from baseline were observed for lathosterol, high-density lipoprotein sterol, triglycerides or apo A-1. Maximal reductions in sitosterol and campesterol occurred within the first 52 weeks of treatment and were sustained for the duration of the study. For LDL sterol, total sterols and apo B, maximal reductions were achieved early (by weeks 4 or 16) and waned slightly through the remainder of the study. Overall ezetimibe 10 mg was well tolerated. CONCLUSION In patients with homozygous sitoserolemia, long-term treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg/day for 2 years was effective in reducing plasma plant sterol concentrations with an overall favourable safety and tolerability profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lütjohann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Musliner T, Cselovszky D, Sirah W, McCrary Sisk C, Sapre A, Salen G, Lütjohann D, von Bergmann K. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe 40 mg vs. ezetimibe 10 mg in the treatment of patients with homozygous sitosterolaemia. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:995-1000. [PMID: 18484971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of ezetimibe (EZE) 40 mg/day on non-cholesterol sterol plasma concentrations in patients with homozygous sitosterolaemia (HoS). METHODS This was a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Twenty-seven patients (> or = 18 years) with HoS and plasma sitosterol levels > 5 mg/dl who had been taking EZE 10 mg/day for > or = 6 months prior to enrolment received open-label EZE 10 mg/day for the duration of the study and were randomised 1 : 1 to blinded EZE 30 mg/day (4 x EZE 10 mg tablets; n = 13) or placebo (1 x EZE 10 mg tablet and 3 x matching placebo tablets; n = 14) for 26 weeks. Patients were permitted to remain on other ongoing treatments (e.g. bile salt-binding resin, statin and/or low sterol diet). End-points included median per cent between-group changes from baseline in plasma sitosterol, campesterol, lathosterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) sterols, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) measured by gas-liquid chromatography, and Achilles tendon thickness size measured radiographically. RESULTS Ezetimibe 40 mg/day resulted in median per cent changes from baseline in plasma sitosterol levels of 3.3% vs. -10% in the EZE 10 mg/day group, in plasma campesterol of -0.5% vs. -9.7% in the EZE 10 mg/day group, and in plasma lathosterol of 0.8% vs. 1.1% in the EZE 10 mg/day group (p = ns for all between-group differences). Median per cent changes in the EZE 40 mg/day and EZE 10 mg/day groups, respectively, were 1.3% and 0% for LDL sterols and 2.5% and 4.4% for LDL-C (p = ns for both between-group differences). At study end-point, Achilles tendon thickness remained unchanged in the EZE 40 mg/day group and increased slightly in the EZE 10 mg/day group (2.2%), yielding a non-significant between-group difference of -2.2%. EZE 40 mg/day was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HoS, treatment with EZE 40 mg/day for 26 weeks was no more effective at reducing plasma plant sterol concentrations vs. EZE 10 mg/day. EZE 40 mg/day had a safety and tolerability profile similar to EZE 10 mg/day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Musliner
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McKenney J, Bays H, Koren M, Ballantyne C, Maccubbin D, Mitchel Y, Betteridge A, Kuznetsova O, Sapre A, Sisk C, Paolini J. SAFETY PROFILE OF EXTENDED-RELEASE NIACIN/LAROPIPRANT IN PATIENTS WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Luetjohann D, von Bergmann K, Sirah W, Shah A, Lin J, Sapre A, Johnson-Levonas A, Musliner T. LONG-TERM EFFICACY AND SAFETY PROFILE OF EZETIMIBE10MG IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HOMOZYGOUS SITOSTEROLEMIA: A MULTI-CENTER, OPEN-LABEL, 2-YEAR EXTENSION STUDY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Luetjohann D, Sapre A, Sudhop T, Taggart W, Musliner T, von Bergmann K. INHIBITION OF INTESTINAL CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION AND ENDOGENOUS CHOLESTEROL PRODUCTION BY EZETIMIBE/SIMVASTATIN IN MAN. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Luetjohann D, Musliner T, Salen G, Cselovszky D, Sapre A, Sisk C, vonBergmann K. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ADDING EZETIMIBE 30 MILLIGRAMS TO A BACKGROUNG OF EZETIMIBE 10 MILLIGRAMS IN PATIENTS WITH HOMOZYGOUS SITOSTEROLEMIA. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)71070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Ose L, Reyes R, Sapre A, Johnson-Levonas A, Musliner T. PO23-759 A 14-WEEK EXTENSION STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY/TOLERABILITY PROFILE OF EZE/SIMVA COMBINATION TABLET VERSUS SIMVA MONOTHERAPY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Ose L, Bays H, Fraser N, Quinto K, Reyes R, Sapre A, Tribble D, Donahue S. M.606 Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin combination tablet compared with simvastatin alone in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Ose L, Bays H, Frasér N, Quinto K, Reyes R, Sapre A, Tribble D, Donahue S. M.605 Ezetimibe/simvastatintherapy is more effective than simvastatin alone at reducing remnant-like particle cholesterol. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Venugopalan P, Sapre A, Venkatesan N, Vyas SP. Pelleted bioadhesive polymeric nanoparticles for buccal delivery of insulin: preparation and characterization. Pharmazie 2001; 56:217-9. [PMID: 11265586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The study was an attempt to develop an alternative buccal delivery system for insulin. Insulin bearing nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsion internal phase evaporation method. The effect of some formulation variables viz., polymer/drug ratio and emulsifier concentration was studied on particle size and entrapment efficiency. Nanoparticles were pelleted to impart three-dimensional structural conformity and coherence thereby facilitating buccal application. Solid lateral and horizontal sedimentaton in the pellet can be avoided by nanoparticulation and ensuring uniform drug distribution throughout the pellet. The in vitro studies of the pellets included bioadhesion and drug release profile. In vivo studies were performed on diabetic rats. A significant hypoglycemic response was observed after 7 h, without any detectable fluctuation in blood glucose profile and risk of hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Venugopalan
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- M M Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
A highly sensitive glucose sensor, operating in flow-injection analysis (FIA) mode, was developed for the detection of glucose in fermentation broth. The assay system is based upon the post-column reaction of the peroxide formed in the glucose-oxidase-catalysed reaction and subsequent spectrophotometric detection of the coloured product formed. The sensor system was characterised and calibrated using standard solutions, and later used for quantification of glucose in fermentation media. Two types of enzyme column were used: one operated in packed-bed mode and the other in expanded-bed mode. Both columns were integrated into a FIA system and were found to give good analytical results. Glucose concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/l and 5 mg/l could be detected in packed- and expanded-bed modes respectively. Glucose concentrations were measured during typical fed-batch fermentation conditions in this system, and the results are presented.
Collapse
|