1
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Lawson T, Gentleman AS, Lage A, Casadevall C, Xiao J, Petit T, Frosz MH, Reisner E, Euser TG. Low-Volume Reaction Monitoring of Carbon Dot Light Absorbers in Optofluidic Microreactors. ACS Catal 2023; 13:9090-9101. [PMID: 37441232 PMCID: PMC10334427 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical monitoring and screening of photocatalytic batch reactions using cuvettes ex situ is time-consuming, requires substantial amounts of samples, and does not allow the analysis of species with low extinction coefficients. Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide an innovative approach for in situ reaction detection using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, with the potential for high-throughput automation using extremely low sample volumes with high sensitivity for monitoring of the analyte. HC-PCFs use interference effects to guide light at the center of a microfluidic channel and use this to enhance detection sensitivity. They open the possibility of comprehensively studying photocatalysts to extract structure-activity relationships, which is unfeasible with similar reaction volume, time, and sensitivity in cuvettes. Here, we demonstrate the use of HC-PCF microreactors for the screening of the electron transfer properties of carbon dots (CDs), a nanometer-sized material that is emerging as a homogeneous light absorber in photocatalysis. The CD-driven photoreduction reaction of viologens (XV2+) to the corresponding radical monocation XV•+ is monitored in situ as a model reaction, using a sample volume of 1 μL per measurement and with a detectability of <1 μM. A range of different reaction conditions have been systematically studied, including different types of CDs (i.e., amorphous, graphitic, and graphitic nitrogen-doped CDs), surface chemistry, viologens, and electron donors. Furthermore, the excitation irradiance was varied to study its effect on the photoreduction rate. The findings are correlated with the electron transfer properties of CDs based on their electronic structure characterized by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Optofluidic microreactors with real-time optical detection provide unique insight into the reaction dynamics of photocatalytic systems and could form the basis of future automated catalyst screening platforms, where samples are only available on small scales or at a high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Lawson
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Ava Lage
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energy GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Petit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energy GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael H. Frosz
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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2
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Lawson T, Gentleman AS, Pinnell J, Eisenschmidt A, Antón‐García D, Frosz MH, Reisner E, Euser TG. In situ Detection of Cobaloxime Intermediates During Photocatalysis Using Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214788. [PMID: 36478637 PMCID: PMC10946874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) provide a novel approach for in situ UV/Vis spectroscopy with enhanced detection sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that longer optical path lengths than afforded by conventional cuvette-based UV/Vis spectroscopy can be used to detect and identify the CoI and CoII states in hydrogen-evolving cobaloxime catalysts, with spectral identification aided by comparison with DFT-simulated spectra. Our findings show that there are two types of signals observed for these molecular catalysts; a transient signal and a steady-state signal, with the former being assigned to the CoI state and the latter being assigned to the CoII state. These observations lend support to a unimolecular pathway, rather than a bimolecular pathway, for hydrogen evolution. This study highlights the utility of fiber-based microreactors for understanding these and a much wider range of homogeneous photocatalytic systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Lawson
- NanoPhotonics CentreCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- NanoPhotonics CentreCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Jonathan Pinnell
- NanoPhotonics CentreCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Annika Eisenschmidt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Daniel Antón‐García
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Michael H. Frosz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightStaudtstr. 291058ErlangenGermany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- NanoPhotonics CentreCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
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3
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Gentleman AS, Lawson T, Ellis MG, Davis M, Turner-Dore J, Ryder ASH, Frosz MH, Ciaccia M, Reisner E, Cresswell AJ, Euser TG. Stern–Volmer analysis of photocatalyst fluorescence quenching within hollow-core photonic crystal fibre microreactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10548-10551. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optofluidic microreactors enable Stern–Volmer analysis on nanolitre-scale photocatalyst–quencher mixtures. The method is used to measure bimolecular quenching coefficients for a photoredox-catalysed α-C–H alkylation reaction of primary alkylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Gentleman
- Nanophotonics Centre, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Takashi Lawson
- Nanophotonics Centre, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Matthew G. Ellis
- Nanophotonics Centre, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Molly Davis
- Nanophotonics Centre, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jacob Turner-Dore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alison S. H. Ryder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michael H. Frosz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Ciaccia
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG52 6EY, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Nanophotonics Centre, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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4
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Koehler P, Lawson T, Neises J, Willkomm J, Martindale BCM, Hutton GAM, Antón-García D, Lage A, Gentleman AS, Frosz MH, Russell PSJ, Reisner E, Euser TG. Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber Microreactors for In Situ Studies of Carbon Nanodot-Driven Photoreduction. Anal Chem 2021; 93:895-901. [PMID: 33315379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performing quantitative in situ spectroscopic analysis on minuscule sample volumes is a common difficulty in photochemistry. To address this challenge, we use a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) that guides light at the center of a microscale liquid channel and acts as an optofluidic microreactor with a reaction volume of less than 35 nL. The system was used to demonstrate in situ optical detection of photoreduction processes that are key components of many photocatalytic reaction schemes. The photoreduction of viologens (XV2+) to the radical XV•+ in a homogeneous mixture with carbon nanodot (CND) light absorbers is studied for a range of different carbon dots and viologens. Time-resolved absorption spectra, measured over several UV irradiation cycles, are interpreted with a quantitative kinetic model to determine photoreduction and photobleaching rate constants. The powerful combination of time-resolved, low-volume absorption spectroscopy and kinetic modeling highlights the potential of optofluidic microreactors as a highly sensitive, quantitative, and rapid screening platform for novel photocatalysts and flow chemistry in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Koehler
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Lawson
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Neises
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Janina Willkomm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin C M Martindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina A M Hutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ava Lage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S Gentleman
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Frosz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philip St J Russell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tijmen G Euser
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rehm
- Division Energy & Chemical Technology / Flow Chemistry GroupFraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18–20 55129 Mainz Germany
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6
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Ponce S, Christians H, Drochner A, Etzold BJM. An Optical Microreactor Enabling In Situ Spectroscopy Combined with Fast Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ponce
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hauke Christians
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alfons Drochner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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7
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Ponce S, Munoz M, Cubillas AM, Euser TG, Zhang G, Russell PSJ, Wasserscheid P, Etzold BJM. Stable Immobilization of Size‐Controlled Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Photonic Crystal Fiber Microreactor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ponce
- Technische Universität DarmstadtErnst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Macarena Munoz
- University of Erlangen-NurembergFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ana M. Cubillas
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
- University of CambridgeNanoPhotonics CentreCavendish Laboratory J. J. Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Gui‐Rong Zhang
- Technische Universität DarmstadtErnst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Philip St. J. Russell
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- University of Erlangen-NurembergFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Technische Universität DarmstadtErnst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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8
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Nome RA, Costa AF, Lepkoski J, Monteiro GA, Hayashi JG, Cordeiro CMB. Characterizing Slow Photochemical Reaction Kinetics by Enhanced Sampling of Rare Events with Capillary Optical Fibers and Kramers' Theory. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2719-2727. [PMID: 30023675 PMCID: PMC6044631 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of slow chemical reactions is essential for assessing catalytic efficiency in chemistry and biology. Traditionally, chemical reaction rates are obtained from population relaxation kinetics measurements and the Arrhenius equation. Unfortunately, it is difficult to use this approach to characterize reactions wherein concentrations change slowly. Thus, it is interesting to see whether a dynamical view of chemical reactions may be used to obtain the reaction rates of slow processes. In the present work, we perform Brownian dynamics simulations of an asymmetric double-well potential to investigate how enhanced sampling of barrier crossing at transition states improves the characterization of reaction rate constants. We then present the design of a liquid-filled capillary optical fiber-based fluorescence spectrometer, which, like rare events, is also based on Poissonian statistics. We use the instrument to characterize the slow photochemical degradation kinetics of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) in o-dichlorobenzene. We have employed in situ optical microscopy measurements and electrodynamics simulations to characterize the excitation beam profile inside a liquid-filled capillary fiber. We compare the cuvette and capillary fiber sample holders and show that the MEH-PPV fluorescence line shape is independent of the sample holder, as expected. We characterize the photochemical degradation kinetics of MEH-PPV in o-dichlorobenzene solutions placed in the cuvette versus that in the capillary fiber. We observe small and slow changes in the time-dependent fluorescence spectra when the degradation reaction is performed in the cuvette. On the other hand, we are able to characterize reactant-concentration decay and product-concentration buildup from the time-dependent fluorescence spectra recorded during photochemical degradation of MEH-PPV performed inside the capillary optical fiber. Ultrafast optically heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect spectroscopy and multimode Brownian oscillator analysis provide further insights into the role of bath oscillator modes of friction in the mechanism of MEH-PPV photochemical degradation. Overall, the work presented herein shows that slow photochemical degradation kinetics of MEH-PPV can be successfully and efficiently assessed in the capillary fiber fluorescence spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- René A. Nome
- Institute
of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Costa
- Institute
of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lepkoski
- Institute
of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A. Monteiro
- Institute
of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliano G. Hayashi
- Institute
of Physics Gleb Wataghin, State University
of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro
- Institute
of Physics Gleb Wataghin, State University
of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
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9
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Liu XL, Ding W, Wang YY, Gao SF, Cao L, Feng X, Wang P. Characterization of a liquid-filled nodeless anti-resonant fiber for biochemical sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:863-866. [PMID: 28198884 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally characterize a liquid-filled nodeless anti-resonant fiber (LARF) that could find versatile applications in biochemical sensing. When a hollow-core nodeless anti-resonant fiber (HARF) is filled with a low refractive index liquid such as water or aqueous solutions in the whole hollow area, it preserves its anti-resonant reflection waveguiding mechanism with attributes encompassing the broad transmission bandwidth in UV, visible, and near IR; the neglectable confinement loss; and the acceptable single-mode quality. In comparison with other forms of hollow fiber, the moderate core size of our ARF allows both a large analyte-light overlap integral and a fast liquid flow rate. Such a LARF platform offers a promising route for creating compact, integrable and biocompatible all-fiber multifunctional optofluidic devices for in-situ applications. A proof-of-concept experiment of Raman spectroscopy using ethanol is presented, and applications in fluorescence spectroscopy, resonant Raman spectroscopy, noninvasive biochemical analysis, and interferometric sensing are in prospect.
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10
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Cubillas AM, Jiang X, Euser TG, Taccardi N, Etzold BJM, Wasserscheid P, Russell PSJ. Photochemistry in a soft-glass single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibre. Analyst 2017; 142:925-929. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF), guided by anti-resonant reflection, is investigated as a highly efficient and versatile microreactor for liquid-phase photochemistry and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Cubillas
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Excellence Cluster “Engineering of Advanced Materials”
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
| | - Xin Jiang
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- NanoPhotonics Centre
- Cavendish Laboratory
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Excellence Cluster “Engineering of Advanced Materials”
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Excellence Cluster “Engineering of Advanced Materials”
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Excellence Cluster “Engineering of Advanced Materials”
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
| | - Philip St. J. Russell
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Excellence Cluster “Engineering of Advanced Materials”
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
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11
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Lee E, Yong D, Yu X, Li H, Chan CC. In-fiber photo-immobilization of a bioactive surface. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:120502. [PMID: 25521052 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first in-fiber light-induced bioactive biotin-functionalization via photobleaching fluorophore-conjugated biotin. Photobleaching the fluorophores generated free radicals that bind to the albumin-passivated inner surface of pure silica photonic crystal fiber. The subsequent attachment of dye-conjugated streptavidin to the bound biotin qualified the photo-immobilization process and demonstrated a potential for the construction of in-fiber macromolecular assemblies or multiplexes. Compared with other in-fiber bioactive coating methods, the proposed light-induced technique requires only a low-power light source, without the need for additional preactivation steps or toxic chemical reagents. This method, hence, enables a simple and compact implementation for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lee
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, SingaporebNanyang Technological University, Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Sin
| | - Derrick Yong
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, SingaporebNanyang Technological University, Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Sin
| | - Xia Yu
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Hao Li
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Chi Chiu Chan
- Nanyang Technological University, Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
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12
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Etzold B, Schmidt M, Euser T, Russell P, Wasserscheid P, Cubillas A. Photonic Crystal Fiber Microreactor for In Situ Sensing and Photocatalysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Rietzler F, Piermaier M, Deyko A, Steinrück HP, Maier F. Electrospray ionization deposition of ultrathin ionic liquid films: [C8C1Im]Cl and [C8C1Im][Tf2N] on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1063-1071. [PMID: 24405292 DOI: 10.1021/la404429q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new method for preparing ultrathin ionic liquid (IL) films on surfaces by means of electrospray ionization deposition (ESID) under ultraclean and well-defined ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) conditions. In contrast to physical vapor deposition (PVD) of ILs under UHV, ESID even allows deposition of ILs, which are prone to thermal decomposition. As proof of concept, we first investigated ultrathin [C8C1Im][Tf2N] (=1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide) films on Au(111) by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). Films obtained by ESID are found to be virtually identical to films grown by standard PVD. Thereafter, ESID of [C8C1Im]Cl on Au(111) was studied as a first example of an IL that cannot be prepared as ultrathin film otherwise. [C8C1Im]Cl forms a wetting layer with a checkerboard arrangement with the cationic imidazolium ring and the chloride anion adsorbed next to each other on the substrate and the alkyl chain pointing toward vacuum. This arrangement within the wetting layer is similar to that observed for [C8C1Im][Tf2N], albeit with a higher degree of order of the alkyl chains. Further deposition of [C8C1Im]Cl leads to a pronounced island growth on top of the wetting layer, which is independently confirmed by ARXPS and atomic force microscopy. This behavior contrasts the growth behavior found for [C8C1Im][Tf2N], where layer-by-layer growth on top of the wetting layer is observed. The dramatic difference between both ILs is attributed to differences in the cation-anion interactions and in the degree of order in the wetting layer of the two ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rietzler
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Glasnov TN. Highlights from the Flow Chemistry Literature 2013 (Part 1). J Flow Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Cubillas AM, Unterkofler S, Euser TG, Etzold BJM, Jones AC, Sadler PJ, Wasserscheid P, Russell PSJ. Photonic crystal fibres for chemical sensing and photochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8629-48. [PMID: 23753016 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cubillas
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Str. 1/Bldg. 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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