Kim H, Yang S, Kim DH. One-pot conversion of alginic acid into furfural using Amberlyst-15 as a solid acid catalyst in γ-butyrolactone/water co-solvent system.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020;
187:109667. [PMID:
32442791 DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2020.109667]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One-pot conversion of alginic acid, which was derived from brown algae, to furfural was investigated using various solid acid catalysts. Among the solid acid catalysts tested, Amberlyst-15 showed the highest activity in furfural production in aqueous media. When the effect of reaction media was examined by applying various organic solvent mixtures, it was found that γ-butyrolactone/water co-solvent system was selected as the most appropriate system for the reaction. Maximum furfural yield of 32.2% was obtained using Amberlyst-15 in the γ-butyrolactone/H2O at 210 °C for 20 min. Catalyst showed gradual deactivation behavior as the reaction proceeded, although the catalyst recovered its activity upon the simple treatment with sulfuric acid. N2 adsorption-desorption experiments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), back titration, and CHNS analysis were applied to investigate the physicochemical property of post-reaction samples, confirming that the leaching of the active sulfonic acid group and decrease in acid density was the major cause of deactivation.
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