1
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Naweephattana P, Walaijai K, Rungnim C, Luanphaisarnnont T, Watthanaphanit A, Patthamasang S, Phiriyawirut P, Surawatanawong P. The role of organoaluminum and electron donors in propene insertion on the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11050-11059. [PMID: 38885064 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl aluminium plays a primary role in activating Ti within Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts for propylene polymerization. We performed density functional calculations to explore the additional roles of AlEt3 and AlEt2Cl, in conjunction with diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) internal donor and dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane (DCPDMS) external donor, to enhance the stereoselectivity of propene insertion. Based on our calculated adsorption energies on the (MgCl2)13/TiCl2iBu cluster model for the ZN catalyst, the presence of DIBP on the cluster essentially facilitated AlEt2Cl adsorption while AlEt2Cl also promoted the adsorption of DIBP. The reaction between AlEt3 and DIBP on the cluster led to the extraction of DIBP, creating an available site for DCPDMS adsorption. While the stereoselectivity, represented by the difference in the activation energies between 1,2-re and 1,2-si insertions of propene, was negligible on the cluster containing only DIBP, it became significant on the clusters containing both AlEt2Cl and DIBP (and DCPDMS). AlEt2Cl plays a pivotal role in imposing steric effects near the Ti active site, thereby increasing stereoselectivity. Our findings suggest the importance of including AlEt2Cl alongside DIBP (and DCPDMS) in the ZN cluster model to investigate stereoselective propene insertion. Considering AlEt2Cl adsorption and AlEt3 reaction with internal donors is essential in developing Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiphob Naweephattana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Khanittha Walaijai
- SCG Chemicals, Co., Ltd., 1 Siam Cement Road, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Rungnim
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Torsak Luanphaisarnnont
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Anyarat Watthanaphanit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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2
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Feng H, Li C, Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang S, Xu X, Song Z. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Effect of Dioldibenzoate Isomers on the Performance of Polypropylene Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38399937 PMCID: PMC10892235 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the comprehensive effect of different 3,5-heptanedioldibenzoate (HDDB) optical isomers as the internal electron donor on the catalytic performance of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The experimental catalytic activity of HDDB has a positive correlation with the relative content of the mesomer incorporated during catalyst preparation, while the hydrogen response of HDDB displayed a negative correlation with the relative content of the mesomer. In order to apply the DFT calculation results to the macroscopic activity of the catalyst, the content of the active centers of the catalyst was analyzed. Assuming that the content of the active centers is proportional to the internal electron donor content of the catalyst, binary linear regression was carried out, which showed a good linear correlation between experimental activity data and internal electron donor content. Furthermore, the fitted activity of the single active centers aligned well with the calculated activation energies. These results revealed that the catalytic activity of polypropylene (PP) catalysts is dependent on both the active center content and the catalytic activity of an individual active center. Additionally, the lower hydrogen response of HDDB leads to a higher molecular weight of polypropylene obtained from the RS-containing catalyst compared to the SS-containing catalyst. Further study reveals that the hydrogen transfer reactions of 2,4-pentanediol dibenzoate (PDDB)/HDDB are influenced by the orientation of the methyl/ethyl groups in different isomers, which affect the activation energy differences between the hydrogen transfer reaction and the propylene insertion reaction, and finally influence the molecular weight of PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Feng
- Division of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Changxiu Li
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Junling Zhou
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiangya Xu
- Division of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Division of Polyethylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
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3
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Trivedi PM, Gocher CP, Balachandran V, Gupta VK. Insight of polypropylene synthesis with high performance multidentate internal donor catalyst system. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv M. Trivedi
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis R&D Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
| | | | - Vijai Balachandran
- Advanced Analytical Division Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis R&D Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
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Shams A, Mehdizadeh M, Teimoury H, Emami M, Mirmohammadi SA, Sadjadi S, Bardají E, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Effect of the pore architecture of Ziegler-Natta catalyst on its behavior in propylene/1-hexene copolymerization. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Paghadar BR, Sainani J, Samith K, Tantry S, Bhagavath P. Effect of novel amido ester internal donor on the performance of Ziegler Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Various classes of molecules like diethers, succinates, diesters, amido esters are currently being used as internal donors on MgCl2 supported titanium catalysts for isotactic polypropylene as an alternative to phthalate donors owing to their potential health risk laid down by REACH legislation. In the present paper, design and synthesis of a few novel amido ester internal donors with single chiral center (7–11) by mimicking the model amido ester 3 having two chiral centers; and their catalyst preparation method were described. Further preliminary polymerization tests with newly synthesized donor molecules were investigated and results revealed that by structurally mimicking 3 with one chiral center and also with varied substitutional patterns in ester/amido moiety decline the polypropylene activity as well as isotacticity. These donor molecules are ineffective for appropriate coordination on MgCl2 sites on inducing steric hindrance for improved isotacticity; nevertheless also induces poisoning effect for the active Ti centers leading to catalyst fouling in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat R. Paghadar
- PP Tech Polymer, SABIC Research and Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - J.B. Sainani
- PP Tech Polymer, SABIC Research and Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K.M. Samith
- PP Tech Polymer, SABIC Research and Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Tantry
- Analytical Separation Science & Technology SABIC Research and Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Bhagavath
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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6
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Piovano A, Groppo E. Flexible ligands in heterogeneous catalysts for olefin polymerization: Insights from spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Effect of 1-hexene on the propylene polymerization with supported phthalate-free titanium–magnesium catalyst. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Antinucci G, Vittoria A, Cipullo R, Busico V. Regioirregular Monomeric Units in Ziegler–Natta Polypropylene: A Sensitive Probe of the Catalytic Sites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antinucci
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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9
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Zaccaria F, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Reactivity Trends of Lewis Acidic Sites in Methylaluminoxane and Some of Its Modifications. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5751-5759. [PMID: 32271565 PMCID: PMC7997381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The established model cluster (AlOMe)16(AlMe3)6 for methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst has been studied by density functional theory, aiming to rationalize the different behaviors of unmodified MAO and TMA-depleted MAO/BHT (TMA = trimethylaluminum; BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), highlighted in previous experimental studies. The tendency of the three model Lewis acidic sites A-C to release neutral Al fragments (i.e., AlMe2R; R = Me or bht) or transient aluminum cations (i.e., [AlMeR]+) has been investigated both in the absence and in the presence of neutral N-donors. Sites C are most likely responsible for the activation capabilities of TMA-rich MAO, but TMA depletion destabilizes them, possibly inducing structural rearrangements. The remaining sites A and B, albeit of lower Lewis acidity, should be still able to release cationic Al fragments when TMA-depleted modified MAOs are treated with N-donors (e.g. [AlMe(bht)]+ from MAO/BHT). These findings provide tentative interpretations for earlier observations of donor-dependent ionization tendencies of MAO and MAO/BHT and how TMA depleted MAOs can still be potent activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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10
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Kumawat J, Gupta VK. Fundamental aspects of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta olefin polymerization catalysis: an experimental and computational overview. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an internal/external donor containing MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst is one of the important processes for polyolefin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kumawat
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
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11
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Vittoria A, Meppelder A, Friederichs N, Busico V, Cipullo R. Ziegler–Natta Catalysts: Regioselectivity and “Hydrogen Response”. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Busico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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12
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Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. On the Nature of the Lewis Acidic Sites in “TMA‐Free” Phenol‐Modified Methylaluminoxane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
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13
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Salakhov II, Bukatov GD, Batyrshin AZ, Matsko MA, Barabanov AA, Tavtorkin AN, Temnikova EV, Sakhabutdinov AG. Synthesis of Polypropylene in the Liquid Monomer in the Presence of a Titanium—Magnesium Catalyst: Effect of Various Internal Donors. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427219060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. BHT-Modified MAO: Cage Size Estimation, Chemical Counting of Strongly Acidic Al Sites, and Activation of a Ti-Phosphinimide Precatalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Jaeger AD, Walter R, Ehm C, Lentz D. Gallium Hydrides and O/N-Donors as Tunable Systems in C-F Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2908-2915. [PMID: 30028089 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gallium hydrides (iBu)2 GaH (1 a), LiGaH4 (1 b) and Me3 N⋅GaH3 (1 c) hydrodefluorinate vinylic and aromatic C-F bonds when O and N donor molecules are present. 1 b exhibits the highest reactivity. Quantitative conversion to the hydrodefluorination (HDF) products could be observed for hexafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 94 % conversion of pentafluoropyridine and 49 % of octafluorotoluene. Whereas for the HDF with 1 b high conversions are observed when catalytic amounts of O donor molecules are added, for 1 a, the addition of N donor molecules lead to higher conversions. The E/Z selectivity of the HDF of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene is donor-dependent. DFT studies show that HDF proceeds in this case via the gallium hydride dimer-donor species and a hydrometallation/elimination sequence. Selectivities are sensitive to the choice of donor, as the right donor can lead to an on/off switching during catalysis, that is, the hydrometallation step is accelerated by the presence of a donor, but the donor dissociates prior to elimination, allowing the inherently more selective donorless gallium systems to determine the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma D Jaeger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruben Walter
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Zaccaria F, Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Cipullo R. Catalyst Mileage in Olefin Polymerization: The Peculiar Role of Toluene. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Jaeger AD, Ehm C, Lentz D. Organocatalytic C−F Bond Activation with Alanes. Chemistry 2018; 24:6769-6777. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma D. Jaeger
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie; Fabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Ehm
- Università di Napoli Federico II; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie; Fabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
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