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Kasana S, Nigam V, Singh S, Kurmi BD, Patel P. A New Insight Into The Huisgen Reaction: Heterogeneous Copper Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted Triazole (From 2018-2023). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400109. [PMID: 38640439 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The Huisgen cycloaddition, often referred to as 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition, is a well-established method for synthesizing 1,4-disubstituted triazoles. Originally conducted under thermal conditions [3+2] cycloaddition reactions were limited by temperature, prolonged reaction time, and regioselectivity. The introduction of copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) revitalized interest, giving rise to the concept of "click chemistry". The CuAAC has emerged as a prominent method for producing 1,2,3-triazole with excellent yields and exceptional regioselectivity even in unfavorable conditions. Copper catalysts conventionally facilitate azide-alkyne cycloadditions, but challenges include instability and recycling issues. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for heterogeneous and porous catalysts in various chemical reactions. Chemists have been more interested in heterogenous catalysts as a result of the difficulties in separating homogenous catalysts from reaction products. These catalysts are favored for their abundant active sites, extensive surface area, easy separation from reaction mixtures, and the ability to be reused. Heterogeneous catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their broad industrial utility, characterized by cost-effectiveness, stability, resistance to thermal degradation, and ease of removal compared to their homogeneous counterparts. The present review covers recent advancements from year 2018 to 2023 in the field of click reactions for obtaining 1,2,3-triazoles through Cu catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the properties of the catalyst, reaction conditions such as solvent, temperature, reaction time, and the impact of different heterogeneous copper catalysts on product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kasana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vaibhav Nigam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Surbhi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Xue F, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang Z. Copper Dispersed Covalent Organic Framework for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition and Fast Synthesis of Rufinamide in Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307796. [PMID: 38185802 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A crystalline porous bipyridine-based Bpy-COF with a high BET surface area (1864 m2 g-1) and uniform mesopore (4.0 nm) is successfully synthesized from 1,3,5-tris-(4'-formyl-biphenyl-4-yl)triazine and 5,5'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine via a solvothermal method. After Cu(I)-loading, the resultant Cu(I)-Bpy-COF remained the ordered porous structure with evenly distributed Cu(I) ions at a single-atom level. Using Cu(I)-Bpy-COF as a heterogeneous catalyst, high conversions for cycloaddition reactions are achieved within a short time (40 min) at 25 °C in water medium. Moreover, Cu(I)-Bpy-COF proves to be applicable for aromatic and aliphatic azides and alkynes bearing various substituents such as ester, hydroxyl, amido, pyridyl, thienyl, bulky triphenylamine, fluorine, and trifluoromethyl groups. The high conversions remain almost constant after five cycles. Additionally, the antiepileptic drug (rufinamide) is successfully prepared by a simple one-step reaction using Cu(I)-Bpy-COF, proving its practical feasibility for pharmaceutical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhongcheng Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhonggang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Rd. 2, Dalian, 116024, China
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Lv Y, Wang Z, Song L, Hao J, Zhu S, Yue H, Wei W, Yi D. Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Tandem Reaction of Alkynes, α-Diazo Esters, and TMSN 3 to Access N-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38047963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed three-component tandem reaction of alkynes, α-diazo esters, and TMSN3 to construct triazoles has been developed. Through this strategy, a number of diverse N-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles were conveniently obtained in moderate to good yields from simple and readily available starting materials using K2CO3 as the base. The mechanism of the tandem Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and Cu-carbenoid-participated C-N coupling reaction has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Lianhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jindong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Huilan Yue
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Roemer M, Lewis W. Azide-Assisted Growth of Copper Nanostructures and Their Application as a Carbon Supported Catalyst in Two-Step Three-Component Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13560-13570. [PMID: 37585437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanostructures were obtained from the reduction of Cu(I) under mild conditions in ethanol/water using sodium-l-ascorbate and sodium azide while performing an amination reaction. When the halobenzene substrate was reacted in the presence of a bulk carbon black (CB) support, clustered copper sub-micrometer particles (SMPs) and microparticles (MPs) form. The growth conditions of the MPs were optimized, and the supported nanostructures were isolated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The particles are mobile and supported within the CB matrix and proved to be active catalysts in the azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The catalytic competency of the particles was assessed in a two-step three-component azide-alkyne cycloaddition of benzyl bromide, sodium azide, and phenylacetylene as a model reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the optimized conditions were applied for the synthesis of triazole compounds with varying levels of functionalization. The recyclability of the catalysts was investigated, depletion modes were discussed, and the conditions were fine-tuned to reach good recyclability. This demonstrates the broader applicability of the SMPs/MPs as CuAAC-catalyst and its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Roemer
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical Core Research Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Zhang M, Zhao W, Ma J, Li J, Meng Q, Shen C, Zeng X. Syn-Selective Chlorosulfonylation of Alkynes via a Copper-Powder-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reaction and Mechanistic Studies. Org Lett 2023; 25:231-235. [PMID: 36562571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper-powder-catalyzed syn-selective chlorosulfonylation of readily available alkynes by an atom transfer radical addition (ATAR) process has been developed, providing straightforward access to a broad range of (Z)-β-chlorovinylsulfones in good yields under mild conditions. In addition, this method is ligand-free and features excellent stereoselectivity and high atom economy. Moreover, the product was obtained without an apparent loss of yield when the reaction was performed on the gram scale at a low catalyst loading. In this reaction, the copper powder not only acts as a sulfone radical initiator but also produces the catalytically active CuCl species. Mechanistic investigations and DFT calculation studies revealed that the stereoselectivity is controlled by the thermodynamic stabilities of the in situ-generated cyclic alkenyl CuII complex intermediate, which can serve as a chlorine atom transfer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Weizhe Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Ma
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoxiong Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Qiansen Meng
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
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Vilé G, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Sivo A, Ruta V, Nachtegaal M, Clark AH, Agnoli S, Zou Y, Savateev A, Antonietti M, Pacchioni G. Azide-Alkyne Click Chemistry over a Heterogeneous Copper-Based Single-Atom Catalyst. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sivo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maarten Nachtegaal
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschingsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Adam H. Clark
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschingsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yajun Zou
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm Science Park, Am Muehlenberg 1 OT, Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm Science Park, Am Muehlenberg 1 OT, Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm Science Park, Am Muehlenberg 1 OT, Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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Selim A, Neethu KM, Gowri V, Sartaliya S, Kaur S, Jayamurugan G. Thiol‐Functionalized Cellulose Wrapped Copperoxide as a Green Nano Catalyst for Regiospecific Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction: Application in Rufinamide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Selim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - K. M. Neethu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Shaifali Sartaliya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sharanjeet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
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