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Geitenbeek RG, Vollenbroek JC, Weijgertze HMH, Tregouet CBM, Nieuwelink AE, Kennedy CL, Weckhuysen BM, Lohse D, van Blaaderen A, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Meijerink A. Luminescence thermometry for in situ temperature measurements in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1236-1246. [PMID: 30815644 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Temperature control for lab-on-a-chip devices has resulted in the broad applicability of microfluidics to, e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR), temperature gradient focusing for electrophoresis, and colloidal particle synthesis. However, currently temperature sensors on microfluidic chips either probe temperatures outside the channel (resistance temperature detector, RTD) or are limited in both the temperature range and sensitivity in the case of organic dyes. In this work, we introduce ratiometric bandshape luminescence thermometry in which thermally coupled levels of Er3+ in NaYF4 nanoparticles are used as a promising method for in situ temperature mapping in microfluidic systems. The results, obtained with three types of microfluidic devices, demonstrate that temperature can be monitored inside a microfluidic channel accurately (0.34 °C) up to at least 120 °C with a spot size of ca. 1 mm using simple fiber optics. Higher spatial resolution can be realized by combining luminescence thermometry with confocal microscopy, resulting in a spot size of ca. 9 μm. Further improvement is anticipated to enhance the spatial resolution and allow for 3D temperature profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Geitenbeek
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen C Vollenbroek
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah M H Weijgertze
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Corentin B M Tregouet
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands and Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Eva Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris L Kennedy
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS, the Lab-on-a-Chip group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Wang J, Tian H, Zhao P, Tian Y, Gu Y, Wang L, Wang C. Droplet Microfluidics for the Production of Microparticles and Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189904 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics technology is recently a highly interesting platform in material fabrication. Droplets can precisely monitor and control entire material fabrication processes and are superior to conventional bulk techniques. Droplet production is controlled by regulating the channel geometry and flow rates of each fluid. The micro-scale size of droplets results in rapid heat and mass-transfer rates. When used as templates, droplets can be used to develop reproducible and scalable microparticles with tailored sizes, shapes and morphologies, which are difficult to obtain using traditional bulk methods. This technology can revolutionize material processing and application platforms. Generally, microparticle preparation methods involve three steps: (1) the formation of micro-droplets using a microfluidics generator; (2) shaping the droplets in micro-channels; and (3) solidifying the droplets to form microparticles. This review discusses the production of microparticles produced by droplet microfluidics according to their morphological categories, which generally determine their physicochemical properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yan Li
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xueying Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Hanmei Tian
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pei Zhao
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yeming Gu
- Shandong Shengli Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.W.); (H.T.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8872-8326 (L.W.); +86-22-2789-0481 (C.W.)
| | - Chengyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8872-8326 (L.W.); +86-22-2789-0481 (C.W.)
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Behin J, Shahryarifar A, Kazemian H. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Cu and Cu/Ni Nanoparticles on NaP Zeolite Support as Antibacterial Agents. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Wang L, Ma S, Wang X, Bi H, Han X. Mixing enhancement of a passive microfluidic mixer containing triangle baffles. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shenghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Hongmei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
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Kraus I, Li S, Knauer A, Schmutz M, Faerber J, Serra CA, Köhler M. Continuous-Microflow Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Multiscale Composite Materials Based on Polymer Microparticles and Inorganic Nanoparticles. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang CG, Xu ZR, Lee AP, Wang JH. A microfluidic concentration-gradient droplet array generator for the production of multi-color nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2815-2820. [PMID: 23674199 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50254f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic concentration-gradient droplet array generator (CDrAG) with parallel multi-channels and multi-layers was developed with 64 outlet channels producing 33 droplet gradient concentrations. A droplet production rate of 5 × 10(4) min(-1) was obtained, and the RSD value of droplet diameters in 64 groups is 5.5% (n = 64). Using the concentration gradient droplet array as parallel microreactors, 33 Au/Ag ratio nanoparticles were synthesized. The absorption spectra of the Au/Ag nanoparticles shifted from the spectrum of pure gold to one of pure silver. This demonstrates the CDrAG platform's promising potential to produce specific nanoparticle barcodes for high-throughput screening in chemistry, biology and a broad range of life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Nightingale AM, Demello JC. Segmented flow reactors for nanocrystal synthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1813-1821. [PMID: 23135743 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade microreactors have emerged as a compelling technology for the highly controlled synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals, offering multiple advantages over conventional batch synthesis methods (including improved levels of control, reproducibility, and automation). Initial work in the field employed simple continuous phase reactors that manipulate miscible streams of a single reagent phase. Recently, however, there has been increasing interest in segmented flow reactors that use an immiscible fluid to divide the reagent phase into discrete slugs or droplets. Key advantages of segmented flow include the elimination of velocity dispersion (a significant cause of polydispersity) and greatly reduced susceptibility to reactor fouling. In this progress report we review the operation of segmented flow microreactors, their application to the controlled synthesis of nanocrystals, and some of the principal challenges that must be addressed before they can become a mainstream technology for the controlled production of nanomaterials.
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Kim J. Joining plasmonics with microfluidics: from convenience to inevitability. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3611-3623. [PMID: 22858903 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Along the advances in optofluidics, functionalities based on the surface plasmon-polariton have also been finding an increasing level of involvement within micro/nano-fluidic systems, gradually forming a new field of plasmo-fluidics. This survey of the burgeoning field reveals that judicious selection and combination of plasmonic and micro/nano-fluidic features render the plasmo-fluidic integration useful and mutually beneficial to the point of inevitability. We establish categories for the level of integration and utilize them as a framework for surveying existing work and extracting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Sun L, Luan W, Shan YJ. A composition and size controllable approach for Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:225. [PMID: 22513005 PMCID: PMC3487982 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A capillary micro-reaction was established for the synthesis of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with a flexible and controllable composition and grain size by tuning the synthesis temperature, the residence time, or the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+. By extending the residence time from 5 to 900 s, enhancing the temperature from 120°C to 160°C, or decreasing the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+ from 1:1 to 1:20, the composition of samples was changed continuously from Au-rich to Ag-rich. The particles became large with the increase of the residence time; however, synthesis temperatures showed less effect on the particle size change. The particle size of the Au-Ag alloy NPs with various composition could be kept by adjusting the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+. TEM observation displayed that the as-obtained NPs were sphere-like with the smallest average size of 4.0 nm, which is half of those obtained by the traditional flask method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Safety Science of Pressurized System (MOE), School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weiling Luan
- The Key Laboratory of Safety Science of Pressurized System (MOE), School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Jin Shan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
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Mikrowellen-unterstützte Synthese von kolloidalen anorganischen Nanokristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Baghbanzadeh M, Carbone L, Cozzoli PD, Kappe CO. Microwave-assisted synthesis of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11312-59. [PMID: 22058070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanocrystals stand out as an important class of advanced nanomaterials owing to the flexibility with which their physical-chemical properties can be controlled through size, shape, and compositional engineering in the synthesis stage and the versatility with which they can be implemented into technological applications in fields as diverse as optoelectronics, energy conversion/production, catalysis, and biomedicine. The use of microwave irradiation as a non-classical energy source has become increasingly popular in the preparation of nanocrystals (which generally involves complex and time-consuming processing of molecular precursors in the presence of solvents, ligands and/or surfactants at elevated temperatures). Similar to its now widespread use in organic chemistry, the efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing overall processing times is one of the main advantages associated with this technique. This Review illustrates microwave-assisted methods that have been developed to synthesize colloidal inorganic nanocrystals and critically evaluates the specific roles that microwave irradiation may play in the formation of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Nightingale AM, Krishnadasan SH, Berhanu D, Niu X, Drury C, McIntyre R, Valsami-Jones E, deMello JC. A stable droplet reactor for high temperature nanocrystal synthesis. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1221-1227. [PMID: 21180744 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile capillary-based droplet reactor for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles over a wide range of flow conditions and temperatures. The reactor tolerates large flow-rate differentials between individual reagent streams, and allows droplet composition to be varied independently of residence time and volume. The reactor was successfully applied to the synthesis of metal (Ag), metal-oxide (TiO(2)) and compound semiconductor (CdSe) nanoparticles, and in each case exhibited stable droplet flow over many hours of operation without fouling, even for reactions involving solid intermediates. For CdSe formed by the reaction of Cd oleate and Se, highly controlled growth could be achieved at temperatures of up to 250 °C, with emission spectra varying smoothly and reproducibly with temperature and flow-rate. The droplet reactor showed exceptional stability when operated under constant flow-rate and temperature conditions, yielding particles with well-defined band-edge emission spectra that did not vary over the course of a full day's continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Nightingale
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK.
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Polte J, Erler R, Thünemann AF, Sokolov S, Ahner TT, Rademann K, Emmerling F, Kraehnert R. Nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles studied via in situ small angle X-ray scattering at millisecond time resolution. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1076-82. [PMID: 20088602 DOI: 10.1021/nn901499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were prepared by the homogeneous mixing of continuous flows of an aqueous tetrachloroauric acid solution and a sodium borohydride solution applying a microstructured static mixer. The online characterization and screening of this fast process ( approximately 2 s) was enabled by coupling a micromixer operating in continuous-flow mode with a conventional in-house small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) setup. This online characterization technique enables the time-resolved investigation of the growth process of the nanoparticles from an average radius of ca. 0.8 nm to about 2 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a continuous-flow SAXS setup for time-resolved studies of nanoparticle formation mechanisms that does not require the use of synchrotron facilities. In combination with X-ray absorption near edge structure microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy the obtained data allow the deduction of a two-step mechanism of gold nanoparticle formation. The first step is a rapid conversion of the ionic gold precursor into metallic gold nuclei, followed by particle growth via coalescence of smaller entities. Consequently it could be shown that the studied synthesis serves as a model system for growth driven only by coalescence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Polte
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstatter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Chang Z, Serra CA, Bouquey M, Kraus I, Li S, Köhler JM. Multiscale materials from microcontinuous-flow synthesis: ZnO and Au nanoparticle-filled uniform and homogeneous polymer microbeads. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:015605. [PMID: 19946165 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/1/015605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA) was found to be an excellent monomer for the stabilization and dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles. Uniform nano-Au/poly(TPGDA) and nano-ZnO/poly(TPGDA) composite microbeads were synthesized in situ using a designed axisymmetric capillary-based flow-focusing microfluidic device without any additional surfactant or coupling agent. Using the designed mixing-enhanced microfluidic device, homogeneous nano-inorganic/polymer composites with a high content of nanoparticles were obtained. Morphologies of the composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, surface microscopy, dark-field microscopy and internal fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Chang
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies (LIPHT)-EAc 4379- Convention CNRS, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
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Li S, Günther PM, Köhler JM. Micro Segmented-Flow Technique for Continuous Synthesis of Different Kinds of ZnO Nanoparticles in Aqueous and in DMSO Solution. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.08we242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Li
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien/Institut für Physik
| | - Peter Mike Günther
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien/Institut für Physik
| | - Johann Michael Köhler
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien/Institut für Physik
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Preparation of metal nanoparticles with varied composition for catalytical applications in microreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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