Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Copper Nanohybrids as Electrocatalysts in H 2 O 2 and Glucose Sensing

Review on recent progress in metal-organic framework-based materials for fabricating electrochemical glucose sensors

Diabetes is a type of disease that threatens human health, which can be diagnosed based on the level of glucose in the blood. Recently, various MOF-based materials have been developed as efficient electrochemical glucose sensors because of their tunable pore channels, large specific surface area well dispersed metallic active sites, etc. In this review, the significance of glucose detection and the advantages of MOF-based materials for this application are primarily discussed. Then, the application of MOF-based materials can be categorized into two types of glucose sensors: enzymatic biosensors and non-enzymatic sensors. Finally, insights into the current research challenges and future breakthrough possibilities regarding electrochemical glucose sensors are considered.

Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Involving Copper: An Electrochemical Perspective

Non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on the use of copper and its oxides have emerged as promising candidates to replace enzymatic glucose sensors owing to their stability, ease of fabrication, and superior sensitivity. This review explains the theories of the mechanism of glucose oxidation on copper transition metal electrodes. It also presents an overview on the development of among the best non-enzymatic copper-based glucose sensors in the past 10 years. A brief description of methods, interesting findings, and important performance parameters are provided to inspire the reader and researcher to create new improvements in sensor design. Finally, several important considerations that pertain to the nano-structuring of the electrode surface is provided.

Copper Nanoparticle and Nitrogen Doped Graphite Oxide Based Biosensor for the Sensitive Determination of Glucose

Copper nanoparticles with the diameter of 50 ± 20 nm decorated nitrogen doped graphite oxide (NGO) have been prepared through a simple single step carbonization method using copper metal-organic framework (MOF), [Cu₂(BDC)₂(DABCO)] (where BDC is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, and DABCO is 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) as precursor. The surface morphology, porosity, surface area and elemental composition of CuNPs/NGO were characterized by various techniques. The as-synthesized CuNPs/NGO nanomaterials were coated on commercially available disposable screen-printed carbon electrode for the sensitive determination of glucose. We find that the modified electrode can detect glucose between 1 μM and 1803 μM (linear range) with good sensitivity (2500 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²). Our glucose sensor also possesses low limits of detection (0.44 μM) towards glucose determination. The highly selective nature of the fabricated electrode was clearly visible from the selectivity studies. The practicability of CuNPs/NGO modified electrode has been validated in the human serum samples. The storage stability along with better repeatability and reproducibility results additionally substantiate the superior electrocatalytic activity of our constructed sensor towards glucose.

Recent advances in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on non-precious transition metal materials: opportunities and challenges

We summarize the latest advances of non-enzymatic glucose detection using non-noble transition metal materials, highlighting their opportunities and challenges.

Reduced graphene oxide supported platinum nanocubes composites: one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and enhanced catalytic activity

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported platinum nanocubes (Pt-NCs) composites (Pt-NCs/rGO) were synthesized successfully by a water-based co-chemical reduction method, in which polyallylamine hydrochloride acted as a multi-functional molecule for the functionalization of graphene oxide, anchorage of Pt(II) precursor, and control of Pt crystal facets. The morphology, structure, composition, and catalytic property of Pt-NCs/rGO composites were characterized in detail by various spectroscopic techniques. Transmission electron microscopy images showed well-defined Pt-NCs with an average size of 9 nm uniformly distributed on the rGO surface. The as-prepared Pt-NCs/rGO composites had excellent colloidal stability in the aqueous solution, and exhibited superior catalytic activity towards the hydrogenation reduction of nitro groups compared to commercial Pt black. The improved catalytic activity originated from the abundant exposed Pt{100} facets of Pt-NCs, excellent dispersion of Pt-NCs on the rGO surface, and synergistic effect between Pt-NCs and rGO.

Mesoporous ZnS-NiS Nanocomposites for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

Mesoporous ZnS-NiS composites are prepared via ion- exchange reactions using ZnS as the precursor. The prepared mesoporous ZnS-NiS composite materials have large surface areas (137.9 m(2) g(-1)) compared with the ZnS precursor. More importantly, the application of these mesoporous ZnS-NiS composites as nonenzymatic glucose sensors was successfully explored. Electrochemical sensors based on mesoporous ZnS-NiS composites exhibit a high selectivity and a low detection limit (0.125 μm) toward the oxidation of glucose, which can mainly be attributed to the morphological characteristics of the mesoporous structure with high specific surface area and a rational composition of the two constituents. In addition, the mesoporous ZnS-NiS composites coated on the surface of electrodes can be used to modify the mass transport regime, and this alteration can, in favorable circumstances, facilitate the amperometric discrimination between species. These results suggest that such mesoporous ZnS-NiS composites are promising materials for nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

Template-free synthesis of hierarchically porous NaCoPO4–Co3O4 hollow microspheres and their application as electrocatalysts for glucose

Hierarchically porous NaCoPO₄–Co₃O₄ hollow microspheres are synthesized via annealing the hollow microsphere precursor, which was prepared via a template-free method.

Comparison of NiS2 and α-NiS hollow spheres for supercapacitors, non-enzymatic glucose sensors and water treatment

NiS₂ and α-NiS hollow spheres are prepared via a template-free method. When NiS₂ and α-NiS hollow spheres were evaluated for supercapacitors, glucose sensors and water treatment, it was found that the hollow α-NiS spheres exhibited better performance than the NiS₂.

Copper metal-organic framework nanocrystal for plane effect nonenzymatic electro-catalytic activity of glucose

This work describes the first demonstration of nanocrystal plane dependent nonenzymatic electro-catalytic glucose activity of [Cu3(btc)2] nanocrystals with different shapes (nanocube, truncated cube, cuboctahedron, and octahedron). From electrochemical results, the obtained [Cu3(btc)2] nanocube modified electrode shows the best nonenzymatic electro-catalytic glucose activity. Interestingly, decreasing the {100} crystal planes from cubes to octahedra, changes the nonenzymatic electro-catalytic activity from highly sensitive to general.

Mesoporous Ni0.3Co2.7O4 hierarchical structures for effective non-enzymatic glucose detection

An electrode modified with mesoporous Ni_0.3Co_2.7O₄ hierarchical structures shows a low detection limit of 1.0 μM glucose, good sensitivity of 206.5 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², and good selectivity.