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Olivan LA, Hand K, White RJ. Utilization of Spontaneous Alkyne-Gold Self-Assembly Chemistry as an Alternative Method for Fabricating Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12117-12123. [PMID: 38826127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors are a promising class of biosensors which use structure-switching redox-labeled oligonucleotides (aptamers) codeposited with passivating alkanethiol monolayers on electrode surfaces to specifically bind and detect target analytes. Signaling in E-AB sensors is an outcome of aptamer conformational changes upon target binding, with the sequence of the aptamer imparting specificity toward the analyte of interest. The change in conformation translates to a change in electron transfer between the redox label attached to the aptamer and the underlying electrode and is related to analyte concentration, allowing specific electrochemical detection of nonelectroactive analytes. E-AB sensor measurements are reagentless with time resolutions of seconds or less and may be miniaturized into the submicron range. Traditionally these sensors are fabricated using thiol-on-gold chemistry. Here we present an alternate immobilization chemistry, gold-alkyne binding, which results in an increase in sensor lifetimes under ideal conditions by up to ∼100%. We find that gold-alkyne binding is spontaneous and supports efficient E-AB sensor signaling with analytical performance characteristics similar to those of thiol generated monolayers. The surface modification differs from gold-thiol binding only in the time and aptamer concentration required to achieve similar aptamer surface coverages. In addition, alkynated aptamers differ from their thiolated analogues only by their chemical handle for surface attachment, so any existing aptamers can be easily adapted to utilize this attachment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Alexander Olivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0171, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Hand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0171, United States
| | - Ryan J White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0171, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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2
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Rodgers LVH, Nguyen ST, Cox JH, Zervas K, Yuan Z, Sangtawesin S, Stacey A, Jaye C, Weiland C, Pershin A, Gali A, Thomsen L, Meynell SA, Hughes LB, Jayich ACB, Gui X, Cava RJ, Knowles RR, de Leon NP. Diamond surface functionalization via visible light-driven C-H activation for nanoscale quantum sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316032121. [PMID: 38451945 PMCID: PMC10945787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316032121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a promising platform for nanoscale NMR sensing. Despite significant progress toward using NV centers to detect and localize nuclear spins down to the single spin level, NV-based spectroscopy of individual, intact, arbitrary target molecules remains elusive. Such sensing requires that target molecules are immobilized within nanometers of NV centers with long spin coherence. The inert nature of diamond typically requires harsh functionalization techniques such as thermal annealing or plasma processing, limiting the scope of functional groups that can be attached to the surface. Solution-phase chemical methods can be readily generalized to install diverse functional groups, but they have not been widely explored for single-crystal diamond surfaces. Moreover, realizing shallow NV centers with long spin coherence times requires highly ordered single-crystal surfaces, and solution-phase functionalization has not yet been shown with such demanding conditions. In this work, we report a versatile strategy to directly functionalize C-H bonds on single-crystal diamond surfaces under ambient conditions using visible light, forming C-F, C-Cl, C-S, and C-N bonds at the surface. This method is compatible with NV centers within 10 nm of the surface with spin coherence times comparable to the state of the art. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we use shallow ensembles of NV centers to detect nuclear spins from surface-bound functional groups. Our approach to surface functionalization opens the door to deploying NV centers as a tool for chemical sensing and single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila V. H. Rodgers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Kalliope Zervas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Zhiyang Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Sorawis Sangtawesin
- School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima30000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima30000, Thailand
| | - Alastair Stacey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899
| | - Conan Weiland
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899
| | - Anton Pershin
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
- MTA-WFK Lendület “Momentum” Semiconductor Nanostructures Research Group, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
| | - Adam Gali
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
- MTA-WFK Lendület “Momentum” Semiconductor Nanostructures Research Group, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, BudapestH-1111, Hungary
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Simon A. Meynell
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Lillian B. Hughes
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | | | - Xin Gui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Robert J. Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | | | - Nathalie P. de Leon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
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3
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Yang N, Jiang X. Rational Design of Diamond Electrodes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:117-127. [PMID: 36584242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diamond electrodes stepped onto the stage in the early 1990s for electroanalytical applications. They possess the features of long-term chemical inertness, wide potential windows, low and stable background currents, high microstructural stability at different potentials and in different media, varied activity toward different electroactive species, reliable electrochemical response of redox systems without conventional pretreatment, high resistance to surface fouling in most cases, and possibility of forming composites with different components such as other carbon materials, carbides, and oxidizes. Most diamond electrodes are prepared in microcrystalline or nanocrystalline form using chemical vapor deposition techniques. Starting from diamond films and diamond composites, numerous nanostructured diamond electrodes have also been produced. The features of diamond electrodes are therefore heavily dependent on the growth conditions and post-treatment procures that are applied on diamond electrodes such as introduced dopant(s), surface termination(s), surface functional group(s), added components, and final structure(s). Numerous applications of diamond electrodes have been explored in the fields of electrochemical sensing, electrosynthesis, electrocatalysis, electrochemical energy storage and conversion, devices, and environmental degradation.This Account summarizes our strategies to design different diamond electrodes, including diamond films, diamond composites, as well as their nanostructures. With respect to diamond films, the modulation of their dopant(s) and surface termination(s) as well as the attachment of functional modifier(s) onto their surface are discussed. Electrochemical hydrogenation and oxygenation of diamond electrodes are detailed at an atomic scale. As the examples of designing diamond electrodes at a molecular scale, photochemical and electrochemical attachment of modifier(s) onto diamond electrodes are shown. Moreover, electrochemical grafting of diazonium salts is proposed as a new technique to identify hydrogenated, hydroxylated, and oxygenated terminations of diamond electrodes. The introduction of additional component(s) into a diamond film to form diamond composites is then overviewed, where a hydrogen-induced selective growth model is proposed to elucidate the preparation of diamond/β-SiC composites. Subsequently, the production of various diamond nanostructures from diamond films and composites by means of top-down, bottom-up, and template-free approaches is shown. Electrochemical application examples of diamond electrodes are overviewed, covering direct electrochemistry of natural Cytochrome c on a hydroxylated diamond surface, sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensing on tip-functionalized diamond nanowires, and construction of high-performance supercapacitors using diamond electrodes and redox electrolytes. Our diamond supercapacitors, also named battery-like diamond supercapacitors or diamond supercabatteries, are highlighted since they combine the features of supercapacitors and batteries. Future perspectives of diamond electrodes are outlined, ranging from their rational design and synthesis to their electrochemical applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz Str. 9-11, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz Str. 9-11, Siegen 57076, Germany
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Zhang S, Ferrie S, Peiris CR, Lyu X, Vogel YB, Darwish N, Ciampi S. Common Background Signals in Voltammograms of Crystalline Silicon Electrodes are Reversible Silica-Silicon Redox Chemistry at Highly Conductive Surface Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1267-1272. [PMID: 33373229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of bulk silica, due to its high electrical resistance, is of limited viability, namely, requiring temperatures in excess of 850 °C. By means of electrochemical and electrical measurements in atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that at a buried interface, where silica has grown on highly conductive Si(110) crystal facets, the silica-silicon conversion becomes reversible at room temperature and accessible within a narrow potential window. We conclude that parasitic signals commonly observed in voltammograms of silicon electrodes originate from silica-silicon redox chemistry. While these findings do not remove the requirement of high temperature toward bulk silica electrochemical reduction, they redefine for silicon the potential window free from parasitic signals and, as such, significantly restrict the conditions where electroanalytical methods can be applied to the study of silicon surface reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Stuart Ferrie
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Xin Lyu
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Yan B Vogel
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Yates ND, Dowsett MR, Bentley P, Dickenson-Fogg JA, Pratt A, Blanford CF, Fascione MA, Parkin A. Aldehyde-Mediated Protein-to-Surface Tethering via Controlled Diazonium Electrode Functionalization Using Protected Hydroxylamines. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5654-5664. [PMID: 31721585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a diazonium electro-grafting method for the covalent modification of conducting surfaces with aldehyde-reactive hydroxylamine functionalities that facilitate the wiring of redox-active (bio)molecules to electrode surfaces. Hydroxylamine near-monolayer formation is achieved via a phthalimide-protection and hydrazine-deprotection strategy that overcomes the multilayer formation that typically complicates diazonium surface modification. This surface modification strategy is characterized using electrochemistry (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Thus-modified glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond, and gold surfaces are all shown to ligate to small molecule aldehydes, yielding surface coverages of 150-170, 40, and 100 pmol cm-2, respectively. Bioconjugation is demonstrated via the coupling of a dilute (50 μM) solution of periodate-oxidized horseradish peroxidase enzyme to a functionalized gold surface under biocompatible conditions (H2O solvent, pH 4.5, 25 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Yates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Dowsett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Bentley
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A Dickenson-Fogg
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pratt
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher F Blanford
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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6
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Asai K, Yamamoto T, Nagashima S, Ogata G, Hibino H, Einaga Y. An electrochemical aptamer-based sensor prepared by utilizing the strong interaction between a DNA aptamer and diamond. Analyst 2019; 145:544-549. [PMID: 31764923 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stable and continuous biosensing of electroactive species in vivo has been achieved by using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes owing to their outstanding electrochemical properties. However, the present problem in biosensing using BDD electrodes is how to specifically measure/detect the target molecules, including electrochemically inactive species. A possible solution is to fabricate an electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor using a BDD electrode. In a preliminary investigation, we found that DNA aptamers strongly adsorb on the BDD surface and the aptamer-adsorbed BDD apparently worked as an E-AB sensor. The present study reports the performance of the aptamer-adsorbed BDD electrode as an E-AB sensor. Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic, was chosen as a target molecule. The sensor could be prepared by just dipping BDD in an aptamer solution for only 30 min, and the electrochemical signals were dependent on the DOX concentration. The adsorption of DNA was strong enough for continuous measurements and even a sonication treatment. Such behaviors were not observed when using gold and glassy carbon electrodes. In a kinetic measurement, distortion by a sluggish response was observed for both association and dissociation phases, indicating that the interaction between DOX and the aptamer involves several kinetic processes. By fitting to a Langmuir isotherm, a limit of detection of 49 nM and a maximum detectable concentration of 2.3 μM were obtained. Although the sensitivity was lower than those of the well-established E-AB sensors of gold, the values are within a drug's therapeutic range. Overall, the present work demonstrates that a DNA aptamer and a BDD electrode is an effective combination for an E-AB sensor with stable sensitivity, and a wide variety of DNA aptamers can be applied without any special treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Nagashima
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Genki Ogata
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hibino
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan. and ACCEL, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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7
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Yáñez-Sedeño P, González-Cortés A, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry as a Tool for the Functionalization of Nanomaterials and the Preparation of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2379. [PMID: 31137612 PMCID: PMC6566994 DOI: 10.3390/s19102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Proper functionalization of electrode surfaces and/or nanomaterials plays a crucial role in the preparation of electrochemical (bio)sensors and their resulting performance. In this context, copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been demonstrated to be a powerful strategy due to the high yields achieved, absence of by-products and moderate conditions required both in aqueous medium and under physiological conditions. This particular chemistry offers great potential to functionalize a wide variety of electrode surfaces, nanomaterials, metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) and polymers, thus providing electrochemical platforms with improved electrocatalytic ability and allowing the stable, reproducible and functional integration of a wide range of nanomaterials and/or different biomolecules (enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids and peptides). Considering the rapid progress in the field, and the potential of this technology, this review paper outlines the unique features imparted by this particular reaction in the development of electrochemical sensors through the discussion of representative examples of the methods mainly reported over the last five years. Special attention has been paid to electrochemical (bio)sensors prepared using nanomaterials and applied to the determination of relevant analytes at different molecular levels. Current challenges and future directions in this field are also briefly pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A González-Cortés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Yang N, Yu S, Macpherson JV, Einaga Y, Zhao H, Zhao G, Swain GM, Jiang X. Conductive diamond: synthesis, properties, and electrochemical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:157-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00757d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes systematically the growth, properties, and electrochemical applications of conductive diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering
- University of Siegen
- Siegen 57076
- Germany
| | - Siyu Yu
- Institute of Materials Engineering
- University of Siegen
- Siegen 57076
- Germany
| | | | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hongying Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering
- University of Siegen
- Siegen 57076
- Germany
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9
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Cesbron M, Levillain E, Breton T, Gautier C. Click Chemistry: A Versatile Method for Tuning the Composition of Mixed Organic Layers Obtained by Reduction of Diazonium Cations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37779-37782. [PMID: 30360102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Postfunctionalization of glassy carbon electrodes previously modified by reduction of 4-azidobenzenediazonium was exploited to conveniently synthesize controlled mixed organic layers. Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was used to anchor functional entities to azide platform. By this way, ((4-ethynylphenyl)carbamoyl)ferrocene (ϕ-Fc) was coimmobilized with a set of acetylene derivatives: 1-ethynyl-4-nitrobenzene (ϕ-NO2), 4-ethynylaniline (ϕ-NH2) or ethylnylbenzene (ϕ). The composition of the resulting organic layers was tuned by adjusting the acetylene derivatives ratio in the postfunctionalization binary solution. Electronic properties of the substituents beared by the aromatic rings were found to have a strong impact on the cycloaddition kinetics toward the confined azide moieties. From this study, rules to prepare finely tuned bifunctional organic layers can be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Cesbron
- CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou , Université d'Angers , 2 Boulevard Lavoisier , Angers Cedex 49045 , France
| | - Eric Levillain
- CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou , Université d'Angers , 2 Boulevard Lavoisier , Angers Cedex 49045 , France
| | - Tony Breton
- CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou , Université d'Angers , 2 Boulevard Lavoisier , Angers Cedex 49045 , France
| | - Christelle Gautier
- CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou , Université d'Angers , 2 Boulevard Lavoisier , Angers Cedex 49045 , France
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Richard W, Evrard D, Busson B, Humbert C, Dalstein L, Tadjeddine A, Gros P. The reduction of 4-nitrobenzene diazonium electrografted layer: An electrochemical study coupled to in situ sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Raymakers J, Krysova H, Artemenko A, Čermák J, Nicley SS, Verstappen P, Gielen S, Kromka A, Haenen K, Kavan L, Maes W, Rezek B. Functionalization of boron-doped diamond with a push–pull chromophore via Sonogashira and CuAAC chemistry. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33276-33290. [PMID: 35548149 PMCID: PMC9086440 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of boron-doped diamond with a push–pull chromophore via Sonogashira cross-coupling affords better photovoltaic performances as compared to functionalization via CuAAC.
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13
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Fortgang P, Tite T, Barnier V, Zehani N, Maddi C, Lagarde F, Loir AS, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Donnet C, Garrelie F, Chaix C. Robust Electrografting on Self-Organized 3D Graphene Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1424-1433. [PMID: 26710829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving graphene-based electrode fabrication processes and developing robust methods for its functionalization are two key research routes to develop new high-performance electrodes for electrochemical applications. Here, a self-organized three-dimensional (3D) graphene electrode processed by pulsed laser deposition with thermal annealing is reported. This substrate shows great performance in electron transfer kinetics regarding ferrocene redox probes in solution. A robust electrografting strategy for covalently attaching a redox probe onto these graphene electrodes is also reported. The modification protocol consists of a combination of diazonium salt electrografting and click chemistry. An alkyne-terminated phenyl ring is first electrografted onto the self-organized 3D graphene electrode by in situ electrochemical reduction of 4-ethynylphenyl diazonium. Then the ethynylphenyl-modified surface efficiently reacts with the redox probe bearing a terminal azide moiety (2-azidoethyl ferrocene) by means of Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Our modification strategy applied to 3D graphene electrodes was analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For XPS chemical surface analysis, special attention was paid to the distribution and chemical state of iron and nitrogen in order to highlight the functionalization of the graphene-based substrate by electrochemically grafting a ferrocene derivative. Dense grafting was observed, offering 4.9 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) surface coverage and showing a stable signal over 22 days. The electrografting was performed in the form of multilayers, which offers higher ferrocene loading than a dense monolayer on a flat surface. This work opens highly promising perspectives for the development of self-organized 3D graphene electrodes with various sensing functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fortgang
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1 , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Teddy Tite
- Université de Lyon , F-69003, Lyon, France
- Université de Saint-Étienne , Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516 CNRS), 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Vincent Barnier
- Laboratoire Georges Friedel, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines , 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nedjla Zehani
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1 , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chiranjeevi Maddi
- Université de Lyon , F-69003, Lyon, France
- Université de Saint-Étienne , Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516 CNRS), 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Florence Lagarde
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1 , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Loir
- Université de Lyon , F-69003, Lyon, France
- Université de Saint-Étienne , Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516 CNRS), 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1 , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Donnet
- Université de Lyon , F-69003, Lyon, France
- Université de Saint-Étienne , Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516 CNRS), 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Florence Garrelie
- Université de Lyon , F-69003, Lyon, France
- Université de Saint-Étienne , Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516 CNRS), 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Carole Chaix
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1 , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Davydova M, de los Santos Pereira A, Bruns M, Kromka A, Ukraintsev E, Hirtz M, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Catalyst-free site-specific surface modifications of nanocrystalline diamond films via microchannel cantilever spotting. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microchannel cantilever spotting is combined with a copper-free click chemistry ligation to achieve the patterning of nanocrystalline diamond films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Davydova
- Institute of Physics v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16200 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Andres de los Santos Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16206 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Kromka
- Institute of Physics v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16200 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Institute of Physics v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16200 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16206 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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15
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Kallick J, Harris S, Udit AK, Hill MG. Heterogeneous catalysis for azide-alkyne bioconjugation in solution via spin column: Attachment of dyes and saccharides to peptides and DNA. Biotechniques 2015; 59:329-30, 332, 334. [DOI: 10.2144/000114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” chemistry is widely used and has demonstrated particular utility for bio-orthogonal conjugation reactions. Here we describe a one-pot, heterogeneous bioconjugation and purification method for selectively activated CuAAC. A Cu(II) precursor, with either the neutral ligand 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione or the anionic ligand 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid, is converted to the active Cu(I) species within an ion-exchange matrix using zinc amalgam as the reducing agent. The Cu(I) complexes are then layered on top of a size-exclusion matrix within a commercial microcentrifuge spin column; passing a mixture of an ethynyl-labeled biomolecule and an azide-bearing ligand through the column results in clean and efficient coupling. The methodology is demonstrated by glycosylating a DNA oligonucleotide as well as by labeling a membrane-penetrating peptide (octa-arginine) with a coumarin dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kallick
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael G. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Degutis G, Pobedinskas P, Boyen HG, Dexters W, Janssen W, Drijkoningen S, Hardy A, Haenen K, Van Bael M. Improved nanodiamond seeding on chromium by surface plasma pretreatment. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Randriamahazaka H, Ghilane J. Electrografting and Controlled Surface Functionalization of Carbon Based Surfaces for Electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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