1
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Probst D, Sode K. Development of closed bipolar electrode based L-lactate sensor employing quasi-direct electron transfer type enzyme with cyclic voltammetry. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116197. [PMID: 38493528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a proof-of-concept of an enzyme sensor combining closed bipolar electrode system with quasi-direct electron transfer (DET) type enzyme. The closed bipolar electrode system was tested using cyclic voltammetry, with L-lactate as a model substrate. L-Lactate was detected through measurement of the change in junction potential across the bipolar electrode. This change in junction potential was caused by reduction of amino reactive phenazine ethosulfate conjugated to Aerococcus vilidans derived engineered L-lactate oxidase (AvLOx) which shows a quasi-DET signal. Using the closed bipolar electrode system allowed simultaneous measuring using cyclic voltammetry and open circuit potential (OCP) and achieved a limit of detection of 400 μM and 76.2 μM lactate respectively. The sensor was then demonstrated to perform with equivalent sensitivity using OCP across varying surface areas. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a closed bipolar electrode system has been used with an enzyme which is capable of quasi-direct or direct electron transfer. This work can be expanded further to other enzymes capable of directly altering the junction potential of an electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Probst
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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2
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Liu M, Salinas G, Yu J, Cornet A, Li H, Kuhn A, Sojic N. Endogenous and exogenous wireless multimodal light-emitting chemical devices. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10664-10670. [PMID: 37829015 PMCID: PMC10566513 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging is a powerful and versatile approach that integrates and correlates multiple optical modalities within a single device. This concept has gained considerable attention due to its potential applications ranging from sensing to medicine. Herein, we develop several wireless multimodal light-emitting chemical systems by coupling two light sources based on different physical principles: electrochemiluminescence (ECL) occurring at the electrode interface and a light-emitting diode (LED) switched on by an electrochemically triggered electron flow. Endogenous (thermodynamically spontaneous redox process) and exogenous (requiring an external power source) bipolar electrochemistry acts as a driving force to trigger both light emissions at different wavelengths. The results presented here interconnect optical imaging and electrochemical reactions, providing a novel and so far unexplored alternative to design autonomous hybrid systems with multimodal and multicolor optical readouts for complex bio-chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxia Liu
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Jing Yu
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Antoine Cornet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Haidong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University 225002 Yangzhou China
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
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3
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Beladi-Mousavi SM, Salinas G, Bouffier L, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Wireless electrochemical light emission in ultrathin 2D nanoconfinements. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14277-14284. [PMID: 36545138 PMCID: PMC9749134 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial confinement of chemical reactions or physical effects may lead to original phenomena and new properties. Here, the generation of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in confined free-standing 2D spaces, exemplified by surfactant-based air bubbles is reported. For this, the ultrathin walls of the bubbles (typically in the range of 100-700 nm) are chosen as a host where graphene sheets, acting as bipolar ECL-emitting electrodes, are trapped and dispersed. The proposed system demonstrates that the required potential for the generation of ECL is up to three orders of magnitude smaller compared to conventional systems, due to the nanoconfinement of the potential drop. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the key advantages of a 2D environment, allowing a wireless activation of ECL at rather low potentials, compatible with (bio)analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP33607 PessacFrance
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP33607 PessacFrance
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP33607 PessacFrance
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP33607 PessacFrance
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4
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Zhu L, Lv X, Yu H, Tan X, Rong Y, Feng W, Zhang L, Yu J, Zhang Y. Paper-Based Bipolar Electrode Electrochemiluminescence Platform Combined with Pencil-Drawing Trace for the Detection of M.SssI Methyltransferase. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8327-8334. [PMID: 35635766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a hand-drawing paper-based bipolar electrode (BPE) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform for M.SssI methyltransferase (M.SssI MTase) assay was proposed via employing high electrocatalytic Pt@CeO2 as an ECL co-reaction accelerator and pencil-drawing graphite electric circuits as wires and electrodes. Notably, the introduction of pencil-drawing trace not only simplified the manufacturing process but also reduced the cost and saved fabricating time. Meanwhile, Pt@CeO2 with good electrocatalytic activity and satisfactory chemical stability was used at the anode of the closed BPE-ECL device to accelerate the oxidation rate of uric acid. Due to the balanced charges of the bipolar electrode, the ECL response of the MnS: CdS@ZnS/S2O82- system emitted on the cathode was enhanced. In situ growth of gold nanoparticles in the two electrode areas was convenient for DNA immobilization. With the above points in mind, the specific DNA double strands functionalized via Pt@CeO2 were employed to identify M.SssI MTase. The unmethylated DNA double strands were cut by HpaII endonuclease, resulting in the quenching of the ECL signal. Under the optimal conditions, sensitive detection of M.SssI MTase in a wide linear range of 0.01-100 U·mL-1 with a satisfactory detection limit of 0.008 U·mL-1 was realized. The reliable and versatile BPE-ECL tool for the determination of M.SssI MTase with easy-to-operate pencil-drawing traces and independent solution systems provides a new opportunity to develop paper-based devices applied in early disease diagnosis and pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Haihan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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5
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Li X, Qin X, Tian Z, Wang K, Xia X, Wu Y, Liu S. Gold Nanowires Array-Based Closed Bipolar Nanoelectrode System for Electrochemiluminescence Detection of α-Fetoprotein on Cell Surface. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7350-7357. [PMID: 35543747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the promising applications of a closed bipolar electrodes (c-BPEs) system in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of cell adhesion and disease-related biomarkers, here, a gold nanowires array-based c-BPEs system was constructed for cell surface protein detection. Regular and uniform gold nanowires array were prepared by intermittent potentiostatic deposition. Then, two poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chips with a hole diameter of 2 mm as a reservoir were placed at both sides of Au nanowires array to construct c-BPEs system. Thionine-functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles conjugated to antibody (Ab2-Th@SiO2) were used as the electrochemical probe, while [Ru(bpy)3]2+-wrapped SiO2 nanoparticles (Ru(II)@SiO2) were employed as the ECL signal readout. Taking α-fetoprotein (AFP) as model, the gold nanowires array-based c-BPEs system allowed sensitive detection of AFP at a linear range from 0.002 to 50.0 ng/mL and at least 6 living cells ascribing to the synergetic amplification effect at both sensing and reporting chambers. Besides, the amount of AFP expressed by HepG2 cells was calculated to be 6.71 pg/cell. The presented strategy with high sensitivity provided a promising and universal platform for the detection of other cancer cells and disease-related biomarkers (such as proteins, glycan, miRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyan Tian
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinghua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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6
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Che ZY, Wang XY, Ma X, Ding SN. Bipolar electrochemiluminescence sensors: From signal amplification strategies to sensing formats. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Bouffier L, Zigah D, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:65-86. [PMID: 33940930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090820-093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reviews a selection of the most recent studies on the use of bipolar electrochemistry in the framework of analytical chemistry. Despite the fact that the concept is not new, with several important studies dating back to the middle of the last century, completely novel and very original approaches have emerged over the last decade. This current revival illustrates that scientists still (re)discover some exciting virtues of this approach, which are useful in many different areas, especially for tackling analytical challenges in an unconventional way. In several cases, this "wireless" electrochemistry strategy enables carrying out measurements that are simply not possible with classic electrochemical approaches. This review will hopefully stimulate new ideas and trigger scientists to integrate some aspects of bipolar electrochemistry in their work in order to drive the topic into yet unexplored and eventually completely unexpected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bouffier
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
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8
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Jin L, Qiao J, Chen J, Xu N, Wu M. Combination of area controllable sensing surface and bipolar electrode-electrochemiluminescence approach for the detection of tetracycline. Talanta 2020; 208:120404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Gamero-Quijano A, Molina-Osorio AF, Peljo P, Scanlon MD. Closed bipolar electrochemistry in a four-electrode configuration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9627-9640. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic theory underpinning closed bipolar electrochemistry in a 4-electrode configuration is presented; a technique applicable to spectro-electroanalysis, energy storage, electrocatalysis and electrodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Limerick (UL)
- Limerick V94 T9PX
- Ireland
| | - Andrés F. Molina-Osorio
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Limerick (UL)
- Limerick V94 T9PX
- Ireland
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Physical Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Physics
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Aalto University
- 00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Limerick (UL)
- Limerick V94 T9PX
- Ireland
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10
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Zhang L, Gupta B, Goudeau B, Mano N, Kuhn A. Wireless Electromechanical Readout of Chemical Information. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15501-15506. [PMID: 30347149 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collecting electrochemical information concerning the presence of molecules in a solution is usually achieved by measuring current, potential, resistance, or impedance via connection to a power supply. Here, we suggest wireless electromechanical actuation as a straightforward readout of chemical information. This can be achieved based on the concept of bipolar electrochemistry, which allows measuring the presence of different model species in a quantitative way. We validate the concept by using a free-standing polypyrrole film. Its positively polarized extremity participates in an oxidation of the analyte and delivers electrons to the opposite extremity for the reduction of the polymer. This reduction is accompanied by the insertion of counterions and thus leads to partial swelling of the film, inducing its bending. The resulting actuation is found to be a linear function of the analyte concentration, and also a Michaelis-Menten type correlation is obtained for biochemical analytes. This electromechanical transduction allows an easy optical readout and opens up very interesting perspectives not only in the field of sensing but also far beyond, such as for the elaboration of self-regulating biomimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Université Bordeaux , CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac , France.,Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS UMR 5031, Avenue Albert Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France
| | - Bhavana Gupta
- Université Bordeaux , CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Université Bordeaux , CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Nicolas Mano
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS UMR 5031, Avenue Albert Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Université Bordeaux , CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac , France
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11
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Soulsby LC, Hayne DJ, Doeven EH, Chen L, Hogan CF, Kerr E, Adcock JL, Francis PS. Electrochemically, Spectrally, and Spatially Resolved Annihilation‐Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Mixed‐Metal Complexes at Working and Counter Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan C. Soulsby
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - David J. Hayne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Lifen Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Emily Kerr
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
- Current affiliation: Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jacqui L. Adcock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
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12
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Gao J, Chen S, AlTal F, Hu S, Bouffier L, Wantz G. Bipolar Electrode Array Embedded in a Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32405-32410. [PMID: 28849645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A linear array of aluminum discs is deposited between the driving electrodes of an extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC). The planar PLEC is then operated at a constant bias voltage of 100 V. This promotes in situ electrochemical doping of the luminescent polymer from both the driving electrodes and the aluminum discs. These aluminum discs function as discrete bipolar electrodes (BPEs) that can drive redox reactions at their extremities. Time-lapse fluorescence imaging reveals that p- and n-doping that originated from neighboring BPEs can interact to form multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series. This provides direct evidence of the working principle of bulk homojunction PLECs. The propagation of p-doping is faster from the BPEs than from the positive driving electrode due to electric field enhancement at the extremities of BPEs. The effect of field enhancement and the fact that the doping fronts only need to travel the distance between the neighboring BPEs to form a light-emitting junction greatly reduce the response time for electroluminescence in the region containing the BPE array. The near simultaneous formation of multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series causes a measurable increase in cell current. This indicates that the region containing a BPE is much more conductive than the rest of the planar cell despite the latter's greater width. The p- and n-doping originating from the BPEs is initially highly confined. Significant expansion and divergence of doping occurred when the region containing the BPE array became more conductive. The shape and direction of expanded doping strongly suggest that the multiple light-emitting p-n junctions, formed between and connected by the array of metal BPEs, have functioned as a single rod-shaped BPE. This represents a new type of BPE that is formed in situ and as a combination of metal, doped polymers, and forward-biased p-n junctions connected in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shulun Chen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Faleh AlTal
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS, UMR 5255 , Bordeaux INP, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218 , Bordeaux INP, F-33405 Talence, France
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13
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Bouffier L, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Capillary-assisted bipolar electrochemistry: A focused mini review. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2687-2694. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- CNRS; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- Bordeaux INP; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- CNRS; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- Bordeaux INP; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- CNRS; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- Bordeaux INP; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
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14
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Zhang X, Zhai Q, Xing H, Li J, Wang E. Bipolar Electrodes with 100% Current Efficiency for Sensors. ACS Sens 2017; 2:320-326. [PMID: 28723210 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bipolar electrode (BPE) is an electron conductor that is embedded in the electrolyte solution without the direct connection with the external power source (driving electrode). When the sufficient voltage was provided, the two poles of BPE promote different oxidation and reduction reactions. During the past few years, BPEs with wireless feature and easy integration showed great promise in the various fields including asymmetric modification/synthesis, motion control, targets enrichment/separation, and chemical sensing/biosensing combined with the quantitative relationship between two poles of BPE. In this perspective paper, we first describe the concept and history of the BPE for analytical chemistry and then review the recent developments in the application of BPEs for sensing with ultrahigh current efficiency (ηc = iBPE/ichannel) including the open and closed bipolar system. Finally, we offer the guide for possible challenge faced and solution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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15
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de Poulpiquet A, Diez-Buitrago B, Dumont Milutinovic M, Sentic M, Arbault S, Bouffier L, Kuhn A, Sojic N. Dual Enzymatic Detection by Bulk Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6585-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne de Poulpiquet
- University of Bordeaux, ISM,
UMR 5255 CNRS, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Milica Sentic
- University of Bordeaux, ISM,
UMR 5255 CNRS, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, ISM,
UMR 5255 CNRS, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux, ISM,
UMR 5255 CNRS, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux, ISM,
UMR 5255 CNRS, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, ISM,
UMR 5255 CNRS, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
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Bouffier L, Arbault S, Kuhn A, Sojic N. Generation of electrochemiluminescence at bipolar electrodes: concepts and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7003-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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