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Probst D, Sode K. Development of closed bipolar electrode based L- lactate sensor employing quasi-direct electron transfer type enzyme with cyclic voltammetry. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116197. [PMID: 38493528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a proof-of-concept of an enzyme sensor combining closed bipolar electrode system with quasi-direct electron transfer (DET) type enzyme. The closed bipolar electrode system was tested using cyclic voltammetry, with L-lactate as a model substrate. L-Lactate was detected through measurement of the change in junction potential across the bipolar electrode. This change in junction potential was caused by reduction of amino reactive phenazine ethosulfate conjugated to Aerococcus vilidans derived engineered L-lactate oxidase (AvLOx) which shows a quasi-DET signal. Using the closed bipolar electrode system allowed simultaneous measuring using cyclic voltammetry and open circuit potential (OCP) and achieved a limit of detection of 400 μM and 76.2 μM lactate respectively. The sensor was then demonstrated to perform with equivalent sensitivity using OCP across varying surface areas. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a closed bipolar electrode system has been used with an enzyme which is capable of quasi-direct or direct electron transfer. This work can be expanded further to other enzymes capable of directly altering the junction potential of an electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Probst
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Han JH, Hyun Park S, Kim S, Jungho Pak J. A performance improvement of enzyme-based electrochemical lactate sensor fabricated by electroplating novel PdCu mediator on a laser induced graphene electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108259. [PMID: 36179392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A lactate sensor for lactate sensing using porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes with an electrodeposited PdCu catalyst was developed in this study. CO2 laser was used to convert the polyimide film surface to multilayered LIG. The morphology and composition of LIG were analyzed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively, to confirm that the fabricated LIG electrode was composed of porous and stacked graphene layers. PdCu was electrodeposited on the LIG electrode and lactate oxidase (LOx) was immobilized on the LIG surface to create a LOx/PdCu/LIG structure. According to the Randles-Ševčík equation, the calculated active surface area of the fabricated PdCu/LIG electrode was ∼12.8 mm2, which was larger than the apparent area of PdCu/LIG (1.766 mm2) by a factor of 7.25. The measured sensitivities of the fabricated lactate sensors with the LOx/PdCu/LIG electrode were -51.91 μA/mM·cm2 (0.1-5 mM) and -17.18 μA/mM·cm2 (5-30 mM). The calculated limit of detection was 0.28 μM. The selectivity of the fabricated lactate sensor is excellent toward various potentially interfering materials such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, lactose, sucrose, K+ and Na+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Han
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - James Jungho Pak
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Gil B, Lo B, Yang GZ, Anastasova S. Smart implanted access port catheter for therapy intervention with pH and lactate biosensors. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100298. [PMID: 35634169 PMCID: PMC9133618 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Totally implanted access ports (TIAP) are widely used with oncology patients requiring long term central venous access for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, infusions, transfusions, blood sample collection and parenteral nutrition. Such devices offer a significant improvement to the quality of life for patients and reduced complication rates, particularly infection, in contrast to the classical central venous catheters. Nevertheless, infections do occur, with biofilm formation bringing difficulties to the treatment of infection-related complications that can ultimately lead to the explantation of the device. A smart TIAP device that is sensor-enabled to detect infection prior to extensive biofilm formation would reduce the cases for potential device explantation, whereas biomarkers detection within body fluids such as pH or lactate would provide vital information regarding metabolic processes occurring inside the body. In this paper, we propose a novel batteryless and wireless device suitable for the interrogation of such markers in an embodiment model of an TIAP, with miniature biochemical sensing needles. Device readings can be carried out by a smartphone equipped with Near Field Communication (NFC) interface at relative short distances off-body, while providing radiofrequency energy harvesting capability to the TIAP, useful for assessing patient's health and potential port infection on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gil
- The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Benny Lo
- The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Salzitsa Anastasova
- The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qing X, Wang Y, Zhong W, Wang W, Chen Y, Liu Q, Li M, Wang D. Fiber organic electrochemical transistors based on multi-walled carbon nanotube and polypyrrole composites for noninvasive lactate sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7515-24. [PMID: 32862271 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) play a synergistic role with conducting polymer in practical applications such as biological sensing. In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotube and polypyrrole (PPy) composites were prepared on a fiber surface for the first time, and their morphology and electrical properties were characterized. Compared with PPy-coated fiber, the presence of carbon nanotubes induced the growth of large areas of PPy nanowires. In addition, fiber organic electrochemical transistors (FECTs) based on PPy and MWCNT were assembled, showing a higher on/off ratio, better stability, and greater flexibility. The lactate biosensor based on FECTs exhibits high sensitivity, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.9889, quick response time of 0.6-0.8 s, a wide linear response range of 1 nM-1 mM, and excellent selectivity for lactate. Furthermore, the lactate concentration in human sweat was successfully detected by a FECT-based sensor. The hybrid fibers can be easily woven and placed on fabric simply by stitching. This favorable performance of the FECT-based sensor makes it suitable for noninvasive sensing of lactate. Therefore, it provides a promising platform for future use in healthcare and detection applications. Graphical abstract.
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Hussain KK, Gurudatt NG, Akhtar MH, Seo KD, Park DS, Shim YB. Nano-biosensor for the in vitro lactate detection using bi-functionalized conducting polymer/N, S-doped carbon; the effect of αCHC inhibitor on lactate level in cancer cell lines. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 155:112094. [PMID: 32090867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A robust amperometric sensor was developed for the lactate detection in the extracellular matrix of cancer cells. The sensor was fabricated by separately immobilizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) onto a carboxylic acid group and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) onto an amine group of bi-functionalized conducting polymer (poly 3-(((2,2':5',2″-terthiophen)-3'-yl)-5-aminobenzoic acid (pTTABA)) composited with N, S-doped porous carbon. Morphological features of the composite layer and sensor performance were investigated using FE-SEM, XPS, and electrochemical methods. The experimental parameters were optimized to get the best results. The calibration plot showed a linear dynamic range between 0.5 μM and 4.0 mM with the detection limit of 112 ± 0.02 nM. The proposed sensor was applied to detect lactate in a non-cancerous (Vero) and two cancer (MCF-7 and HeLa) cell lines. Among these cell lines, MCF-7 was mostly affected by the administration of lactate transport inhibitor, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (αCHC), followed by HeLa and Vero, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of αCHC concentration and treatment time on the lactate level in the cell lines were demonstrated. Finally, cytotoxicity studies were also performed to evaluate the effect of αCHC on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil K Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - N G Gurudatt
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Mahmood H Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Deog-Su Park
- Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea; Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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Obeidat Y, Catandi G, Carnevale E, Chicco AJ, DeMann A, Field S, Chen T. A multi-sensor system for measuring bovine embryo metabolism. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:615-623. [PMID: 30508786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a multi-sensor platform capable of simultaneous measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, glucose and lactate concentrations in a micro-chamber for real-time evaluation of metabolic flux in bovine embryos. A micro-chamber containing all three sensors (DO, glucose, and lactate) was made to evaluate metabolic flux of single oocytes or embryos at different stages of development in ≤ 120 µL of respiration buffer. The ability of the sensor to detect a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis was demonstrated in embryos by an ablation of oxygen consumption and an increase in lactate production following addition of oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. An increased reliance upon glycolysis relative to OXPHOS was demonstrated in embryos as they developed from morula to hatched blastocysts by a progressive increase in the lactate/oxygen flux ratio, consistent with isolated metabolic assessments reported previously. These studies highlight the utility of a metabolic multi-sensor for integrative real-time monitoring of aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism in bovine embryos, with potential applications in the study of metabolic processes in oocyte and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Obeidat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Giovana Catandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - August DeMann
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stuart Field
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tom Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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