1
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Dongare S, Zeeshan M, Aydogdu AS, Dikki R, Kurtoğlu-Öztulum SF, Coskun OK, Muñoz M, Banerjee A, Gautam M, Ross RD, Stanley JS, Brower RS, Muchharla B, Sacci RL, Velázquez JM, Kumar B, Yang JY, Hahn C, Keskin S, Morales-Guio CG, Uzun A, Spurgeon JM, Gurkan B. Reactive capture and electrochemical conversion of CO 2 with ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38912871 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have tremendous potential for reactive capture and conversion (RCC) of CO2 due to their wide electrochemical stability window, low volatility, and high CO2 solubility. There is environmental and economic interest in the direct utilization of the captured CO2 using electrified and modular processes that forgo the thermal- or pressure-swing regeneration steps to concentrate CO2, eliminating the need to compress, transport, or store the gas. The conventional electrochemical conversion of CO2 with aqueous electrolytes presents limited CO2 solubility and high energy requirement to achieve industrially relevant products. Additionally, aqueous systems have competitive hydrogen evolution. In the past decade, there has been significant progress toward the design of ILs and DESs, and their composites to separate CO2 from dilute streams. In parallel, but not necessarily in synergy, there have been studies focused on a few select ILs and DESs for electrochemical reduction of CO2, often diluting them with aqueous or non-aqueous solvents. The resulting electrode-electrolyte interfaces present a complex speciation for RCC. In this review, we describe how the ILs and DESs are tuned for RCC and specifically address the CO2 chemisorption and electroreduction mechanisms. Critical bulk and interfacial properties of ILs and DESs are discussed in the context of RCC, and the potential of these electrolytes are presented through a techno-economic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saudagar Dongare
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ahmet Safa Aydogdu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Dikki
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Samira F Kurtoğlu-Öztulum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad., Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kagan Coskun
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Miguel Muñoz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Avishek Banerjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Manu Gautam
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - R Dominic Ross
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Jared S Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rowan S Brower
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Baleeswaraiah Muchharla
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, & Engineering Technology, Elizabeth City State University, 1704 Weeksville Road, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA
| | - Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Jesús M Velázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bijandra Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, & Engineering Technology, Elizabeth City State University, 1704 Weeksville Road, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Seda Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carlos G Morales-Guio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Burcu Gurkan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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2
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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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3
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Ma B, Zhang J, Mi Y, Miao Q, Tan W, Guo Z. Preparation of imidazole acids grafted chitosan with enhanced antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120978. [PMID: 37230617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, imidazole acids grafted chitosan derivatives were synthesized, including HACC, HACC derivatives, TMC, TMC derivatives, amidated chitosan and amidated chitosan bearing imidazolium salts. The prepared chitosan derivatives were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The tests evaluated the biological antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of chitosan derivatives. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical) of chitosan derivatives was 2.4-8.3 times higher than that of chitosan. The antibacterial capacity against E. coli and S. aureus of cationic derivatives (HACC derivatives, TMC derivatives, and amidated chitosan bearing imidazolium salts) was more active than only imidazole-chitosan (amidated chitosan). In particular, the inhibition effect of HACC derivatives on E. coli was 15.625 μg/mL. Moreover, the series of chitosan derivatives bearing imidazole acids showed certain activity against MCF-7 and A549 cells. The present results suggest that the chitosan derivatives in this paper seem to be promising carrier materials for use in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingqi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Li F, Mocci F, Zhang X, Ji X, Laaksonen A. Ionic liquids for CO2 electrochemical reduction. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Hitt JL, Li YC, Tao S, Yan Z, Gao Y, Billinge SJL, Mallouk TE. A high throughput optical method for studying compositional effects in electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1114. [PMID: 33602912 PMCID: PMC7893049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the problem of electrochemical CO2 reduction, the discovery of earth-abundant, efficient, and selective catalysts is essential to enabling technology that can contribute to a carbon-neutral energy cycle. In this study, we adapt an optical high throughput screening method to study multi-metallic catalysts for CO2 electroreduction. We demonstrate the utility of the method by constructing catalytic activity maps of different alloyed elements and use X-ray scattering analysis by the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) method to gain insight into the structures of the most active compositions. Among combinations of four elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Zn), Au6Ag2Cu2 and Au4Zn3Cu3 were identified as the most active compositions in their respective ternaries. These ternary electrocatalysts were more active than any binary combination, and a ca. 5-fold increase in current density at potentials of −0.4 to −0.8 V vs. RHE was obtained for the best ternary catalysts relative to Au prepared by the same method. Tafel plots of electrochemical data for CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution indicate that the ternary catalysts, despite their higher surface area, are poorer catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction than pure Au. This results in high Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction to CO. A high-throughput method is presented for the synthesis and testing of alloy electrocatalysts for gas phase CO2 electrolysis. Active ternary alloy catalysts were discovered and their structures characterized by X-ray pair distribution functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuguang C Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Songsheng Tao
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Reinisch D, Schmid B, Martić N, Krause R, Landes H, Hanebuth M, Mayrhofer KJ, Schmid G. Various CO2-to-CO Electrolyzer Cell and Operation Mode Designs to avoid CO2-Crossover from Cathode to Anode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) towards CO allows to turn CO2 and renewable energy into feedstock for the chemical industry. Previously shown electrolyzers are capable of continuous operation for more than 1000 h at high faradaic efficiencies and industrially relevant current densities. However, the crossover of educt CO2 into the anode gas has not been investigated in current cell designs: Carbonates (HCO3
− and CO3
2−) are formed at the cathode during CO2RR and are subsequently neutralized at the anode. Thus, CO2 mixes into the anodically evolved O2, which is undesired from commercial perspectives. In this work this chemical transport was suppressed by using a carbonate-free electrolyte. However, a second transport mechanism via physically dissolved gases became apparent. A transport model based on chemical and physical absorption of CO2 and O2 will be proposed and two solutions were experimentally investigated: the use of an anode GDL (A-GDL) and degassing the anolyte with a membrane contactor (MC). Both solutions further reduce the CO2 crossover to the anode below 0.1 CO2 for each cathodically formed CO while still operating at industrially relevant current densities of 200 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reinisch
- Siemens AG, Gas and Power, Power2X and Storage , Günter-Scharowsky-Str 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) , Ostring O10 , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Nemanja Martić
- Siemens AG, Gas and Power, Power2X and Storage , Günter-Scharowsky-Str 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ralf Krause
- Siemens AG, Gas and Power, Power2X and Storage , Günter-Scharowsky-Str 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Harald Landes
- Siemens AG, Gas and Power, Power2X and Storage , Günter-Scharowsky-Str 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Marc Hanebuth
- Siemens AG, Gas and Power, Power2X and Storage , Günter-Scharowsky-Str 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Karl J.J. Mayrhofer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Günter Schmid
- Siemens AG, Gas and Power, Power2X and Storage , Günter-Scharowsky-Str 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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7
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Sebastián‐Pascual P, Mezzavilla S, Stephens IEL, Escudero‐Escribano M. Structure‐Sensitivity and Electrolyte Effects in CO
2
Electroreduction: From Model Studies to Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sebastián‐Pascual
- Department of ChemistryNano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Stefano Mezzavilla
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of Mines Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of Mines Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - María Escudero‐Escribano
- Department of ChemistryNano-Science CenterUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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8
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Nitopi S, Bertheussen E, Scott SB, Liu X, Engstfeld AK, Horch S, Seger B, Stephens IEL, Chan K, Hahn C, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF, Chorkendorff I. Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction on Copper in Aqueous Electrolyte. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7610-7672. [PMID: 31117420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1414] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, copper is the only heterogeneous catalyst that has shown a propensity to produce valuable hydrocarbons and alcohols, such as ethylene and ethanol, from electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R). There are variety of factors that impact CO2R activity and selectivity, including the catalyst surface structure, morphology, composition, the choice of electrolyte ions and pH, and the electrochemical cell design. Many of these factors are often intertwined, which can complicate catalyst discovery and design efforts. Here we take a broad and historical view of these different aspects and their complex interplay in CO2R catalysis on Cu, with the purpose of providing new insights, critical evaluations, and guidance to the field with regard to research directions and best practices. First, we describe the various experimental probes and complementary theoretical methods that have been used to discern the mechanisms by which products are formed, and next we present our current understanding of the complex reaction networks for CO2R on Cu. We then analyze two key methods that have been used in attempts to alter the activity and selectivity of Cu: nanostructuring and the formation of bimetallic electrodes. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the future outlook for electrochemical CO2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nitopi
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Erlend Bertheussen
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Soren B Scott
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinyan Liu
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Albert K Engstfeld
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Horch
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian Seger
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Chan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Rudnev AV, Kiran K, Cedeño López A, Dutta A, Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Broekmann P. Enhanced electrocatalytic CO formation from CO2 on nanostructured silver foam electrodes in ionic liquid/water mixtures. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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11
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Feaster JT, Jongerius AL, Liu X, Urushihara M, Nitopi SA, Hahn C, Chan K, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF. Understanding the Influence of [EMIM]Cl on the Suppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Transition Metal Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9464-9471. [PMID: 28691827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the influence of low concentrations (0.1 M) of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) on suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using polycrystalline Ag, Cu, and Fe electrodes in aqueous acidic and basic media. HER suppression is generally desired when aiming to catalyze other reactions of interests, e.g., CO2 electro-reduction. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements were performed at potentials between -0.2 and -0.8 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to investigate HER activity in a simulated CO2 electrolysis environment without the CO2. In an acidic electrolyte, a decrease in HER activity was observed for all three electrodes with the largest effect being that of Fe, where the HER activity was suppressed by 75% at -0.5 V versus RHE. In contrast to the effect of [EMIM]Cl in an acidic electrolyte, no HER suppression was observed in basic media. Using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the electrolyte before and after electrolysis, it was determined that [EMIM]Cl breaks down at both the working and counter electrodes under reaction conditions under both acidic and basic conditions. These results underscore the challenges in employing ionic liquids for electrochemical reactions such as CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Feaster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anna L Jongerius
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Makoto Urushihara
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Central Research Institute, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation , 1002-14 Mukohyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0102, Japan
| | - Stephanie A Nitopi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Karen Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Catalysis and Interface Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2675 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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12
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Michez R, Doneux T, Buess-Herman C, Luhmer M. NMR Study of the Reductive Decomposition of [BMIm][NTf 2 ] at Gold Electrodes and Indirect Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2. Chemphyschem 2017. [PMID: 28631384 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Potential controlled electrolyses of [BMIm][NTf2 ] ionic liquid were performed at a gold cathode under nitrogen atmosphere. The structures of the major conversion products of the BMIm+ cation were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses and gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the volatile compounds. Recombination of the imidazol-2-yl radicals, generated at the electrode by single electron transfer, leads to neutral diastereomeric dimers in equal proportions, with a faradaic efficiency of 80 %, while disproportionation of these radicals and/or reaction with hydrogen atoms adsorbed at the electrode generates a neutral monomer with 20 % faradaic efficiency. Both pathways also yield the N-heterocyclic carbene imidazolin-2-ylidene, which is involved in fast proton exchange with the parent BMIm+ cation. The reductive decomposition products of the BMIm+ cation are no longer detected if the pre-electrolysed sample is reacted with CO2 , which undergoes an indirect reduction and generates the carboxylate adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Michez
- Service de Chimie Analytique et Chimie des Interfaces, CP 255 Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, 2, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Thomas Doneux
- Service de Chimie Analytique et Chimie des Interfaces, CP 255 Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, 2, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claudine Buess-Herman
- Service de Chimie Analytique et Chimie des Interfaces, CP 255 Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, 2, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, CP 160/08, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50, avenue F.-D. Roosevelt, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Shi J, Shen FX, Shi F, Song N, Jia YJ, Hu YQ, Li QY, Liu JX, Chen TY, Dai YN. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO in tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/propylene carbonate: Water effects and mechanism. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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