1
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Wei L, Hossain MD, Chen G, Kamat GA, Kreider ME, Chen J, Yan K, Bao Z, Bajdich M, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Tuning Two-Dimensional Phthalocyanine Dual Site Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38709577 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer an interesting opportunity for catalysis, particularly for metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) motifs by providing an organized porous structural pattern and well-defined active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a key need for hydrogen fuel cells and related sustainable energy technologies. In this work, we leverage electrochemical testing with computational models to study the electronic and structural properties in the MOF systems and their relationship to ORR activity and stability based on dual transitional metal centers. The MOFs consist of two M1 metals with amine nodes coordinated to a single M2 metal with a phthalocyanine linker, where M1/M2 = Co, Ni, or Cu. Co-based metal centers, in particular Ni-Co, demonstrate the highest overall activity of all nine tested MOFs. Computationally, we identify the dominance of Co sites, relative higher importance of the M2 site, and the role of layer M1 interactions on the ORR activity. Selectivity measurements indicate that M1 sites of MOFs, particularly Co, exhibit the lowest (<4%), and Ni demonstrates the highest (>46%) two-electron selectivity, in good agreement with computational studies. Direct in situ stability characterization, measuring dissolved metal ions, and calculations, using an alkaline stability metric, confirm that Co is the most stable metal in the MOF, while Cu exhibits notable instability at the M1. Overall, this study reveals how atomistic coupling of electronic and structural properties affects the ORR performance of dual site MOF catalysts and opens new avenues for the tunable design and future development of these systems for practical electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingze Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Md Delowar Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gaurav A Kamat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Melissa E Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Katherine Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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2
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Fu X, Niemann VA, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang K, Pedersen JB, Saccoccio M, Andersen SZ, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Benedek P, Xu A, Deissler NH, Mygind JBV, Nielander AC, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF, Chorkendorff I. Calcium-mediated nitrogen reduction for electrochemical ammonia synthesis. Nat Mater 2024; 23:101-107. [PMID: 37884670 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a key commodity chemical for the agricultural, textile and pharmaceutical industries, but its production via the Haber-Bosch process is carbon-intensive and centralized. Alternatively, an electrochemical method could enable decentralized, ambient NH3 production that can be paired with renewable energy. The first verified electrochemical method for NH3 synthesis was a process mediated by lithium (Li) in organic electrolytes. So far, however, elements other than Li remain unexplored in this process for potential benefits in efficiency, reaction rates, device design, abundance and stability. In our demonstration of a Li-free system, we found that calcium can mediate the reduction of nitrogen for NH3 synthesis. We verified the calcium-mediated process using a rigorous protocol and achieved an NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 40 ± 2% using calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate (Ca[B(hfip)4]2) as the electrolyte. Our results offer the possibility of using abundant materials for the electrochemical production of NH3, a critical chemical precursor and promising energy vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbiao Fu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valerie A Niemann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shaofeng Li
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mattia Saccoccio
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Z Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Benedek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Aoni Xu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niklas H Deissler
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Rios Amador I, Hannagan RT, Marin DH, Perryman JT, Rémy C, Hubert MA, Lindquist GA, Chen L, Stevens MB, Boettcher SW, Nielander AC, Jaramillo TF. Protocol for assembling and operating bipolar membrane water electrolyzers. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102606. [PMID: 37924520 PMCID: PMC10656253 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable energy-driven bipolar membrane water electrolyzers (BPMWEs) are a promising technology for sustainable production of hydrogen from seawater and other impure water sources. Here, we present a protocol for assembling BPMWEs and operating them in a range of water feedstocks, including ultra-pure deionized water and seawater. We describe steps for membrane electrode assembly preparation, electrolyzer assembly, and electrochemical evaluation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Marin et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Rios Amador
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ryan T Hannagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Daniela H Marin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Joseph T Perryman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Charline Rémy
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - McKenzie A Hubert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Grace A Lindquist
- University of Oregon Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Lihaokun Chen
- University of Oregon Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Shannon W Boettcher
- University of Oregon Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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4
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Blair SJ, Nielander AC, Stone KH, Kreider ME, Niemann VA, Benedek P, McShane EJ, Gallo A, Jaramillo TF. Development of a versatile electrochemical cell for in situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction during non-aqueous electrochemical nitrogen reduction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:917-922. [PMID: 37594864 PMCID: PMC10481268 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523006331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In situ techniques are essential to understanding the behavior of electrocatalysts under operating conditions. When employed, in situ synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) can provide time-resolved structural information of materials formed at the electrode surface. In situ cells, however, often require epoxy resins to secure electrodes, do not enable electrolyte flow, or exhibit limited chemical compatibility, hindering the study of non-aqueous electrochemical systems. Here, a versatile electrochemical cell for air-free in situ synchrotron GI-XRD during non-aqueous Li-mediated electrochemical N2 reduction (Li-N2R) has been designed. This cell not only fulfills the stringent material requirements necessary to study this system but is also readily extendable to other electrochemical systems. Under conditions relevant to non-aqueous Li-N2R, the formation of Li metal, LiOH and Li2O as well as a peak consistent with the α-phase of Li3N was observed, thus demonstrating the functionality of this cell toward developing a mechanistic understanding of complicated electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Blair
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adam C. Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kevin H. Stone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Melissa E. Kreider
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Valerie A. Niemann
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Peter Benedek
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Eric J. McShane
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Research Department, Sila Nanotechnologies, 2470 Mariner Square Loop, Alameda, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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5
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Wei L, Hossain MD, Boyd MJ, Aviles-Acosta J, Kreider ME, Nielander AC, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF, Bajdich M, Hahn C. Insights into Active Sites and Mechanisms of Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation on Nickel–Iron Oxyhydroxide Electrodes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingze Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Md Delowar Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael J. Boyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jaime Aviles-Acosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Melissa E. Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Adam C. Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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6
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Kreider ME, Kamat GA, Zamora Zeledón JA, Wei L, Sokaras D, Gallo A, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Understanding the Stability of Manganese Chromium Antimonate Electrocatalysts through Multimodal In Situ and Operando Measurements. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22549-22561. [PMID: 36453840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Improving electrocatalyst stability is critical for the development of electrocatalytic devices. Herein, we utilize an on-line electrochemical flow cell coupled with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to characterize the impact of composition and reactant gas on the multielement dissolution of Mn(-Cr)-Sb-O electrocatalysts. Compared to Mn2O3 and Cr2O3 oxides, the antimonate framework stabilizes Mn at OER potentials and Cr at both ORR and OER potentials. Furthermore, dissolution of Mn and Cr from Mn(-Cr) -Sb-O is driven by the ORR reaction rate, with minimal dissolution under N2. We observe preferential dissolution of Cr totaling 13% over 10 min at 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 V vs RHE, with only 1.5% loss of Mn, indicating an enrichment of Mn at the surface of the particles. Despite this asymmetric dissolution, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) showed no measurable changes in the Mn K-edge at comparable potentials. This could suggest that modification to the Mn oxidation state and/or phase in the surface layer is too small or that the layer is too thin to be measured with the bulk XAS measurement. Lastly, on-line ICP-MS was used to assess the effects of applied potential, scan rate, and current on Mn-Cr-Sb-O during cyclic voltammetry and accelerated stress tests. With this deeper understanding of the interplay between oxygen reduction and dissolution, testing procedures were identified to maximize both activity and stability. This work highlights the use of multimodal in situ characterization techniques in tandem to build a more complete model of stability and develop protocols for optimizing catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Gaurav A Kamat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - José A Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lingze Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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7
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Koshy DM, Hossain MD, Masuda R, Yoda Y, Gee LB, Abiose K, Gong H, Davis R, Seto M, Gallo A, Hahn C, Bajdich M, Bao Z, Jaramillo TF. Investigation of the Structure of Atomically Dispersed NiN x Sites in Ni and N-Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts by 61Ni Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21741-21750. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Koshy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Md Delowar Hossain
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryo Masuda
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yoda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Leland B. Gee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kabir Abiose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ryan Davis
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Makoto Seto
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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8
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Kreider ME, Gunasooriya GTKK, Liu Y, Zamora Zeledón JA, Valle E, Zhou C, Montoya JH, Gallo A, Sinclair R, Nørskov JK, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Strategies for Modulating the Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Manganese Antimonates for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - José A. Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Eduardo Valle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Joseph H. Montoya
- Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, California 94022, United States
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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9
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Ben-Naim M, Aldridge CW, Steiner MA, Britto RJ, Nielander AC, King LA, Deutsch TG, Young JL, Jaramillo TF. Engineering Surface Architectures for Improved Durability in III-V Photocathodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20385-20392. [PMID: 35005903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
GaInP2 has shown promise as the wide bandgap top junction in tandem absorber photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices. Among previously reported dual-junction PEC devices with a GaInP2 top cell, those with the highest performance incorporate an AlInP2 window layer (WL) to reduce surface recombination and a thin GaInP2 capping layer (CL) to protect the WL from corrosion in electrolytes. However, the stability of these III-V systems is limited, and durability continues to be a major challenge broadly in the field of PEC water splitting. This work provides a systematic investigation into the durability of GaInP2 systems, examining the impacts of the window layer and capping layer among single junction pn-GaInP2 photocathodes coated with an MoS2 catalytic and protective layer. The photocathode with both a CL and WL demonstrates the highest PEC performance and longest lifetime, producing a significant current for >125 h. In situ optical imaging and post-test characterization illustrate the progression of macroscopic degradation and chemical state. The surface architecture combining an MoS2 catalyst, CL, and WL can be translated to dual-junction PEC devices with GaInP2 or other III-V top junctions to enable more efficient and stable PEC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Ben-Naim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chase W Aldridge
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Myles A Steiner
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Reuben J Britto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adam C Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laurie A King
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - James L Young
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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10
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Gunasooriya GTKK, Kreider ME, Liu Y, Zamora Zeledón JA, Wang Z, Valle E, Yang AC, Gallo A, Sinclair R, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF, Nørskov JK. First-Row Transition Metal Antimonates for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Nano 2022; 16:6334-6348. [PMID: 35377139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of inexpensive and abundant catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is imperative for the widespread implementation of fuel cell devices. Herein, we present a combined theoretical-experimental approach to discover and design first-row transition metal antimonates as excellent electrocatalytic materials for the ORR. Theoretically, we identify first-row transition metal antimonates─MSb2O6, where M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni─as nonprecious metal catalysts with good oxygen binding energetics, conductivity, thermodynamic phase stability, and aqueous stability. Among the considered antimonates, MnSb2O6 shows the highest theoretical ORR activity based on the 4e- ORR kinetic volcano. Experimentally, nanoparticulate transition metal antimonate catalysts are found to have a minimum of a 2.5-fold enhancement in intrinsic mass activity (on transition metal mass basis) relative to the corresponding transition metal oxide at 0.7 V vs RHE in 0.1 M KOH. MnSb2O6 is the most active catalyst under these conditions, with a 3.5-fold enhancement on a per Mn mass activity basis and 25-fold enhancement on a surface area basis over its antimony-free counterpart. Electrocatalytic and material stability are demonstrated over a 5 h chronopotentiometry experiment in the stability window identified by theoretical Pourbaix analysis. This study further highlights the stable and electrically conductive antimonate structure as a framework to tune the activity and selectivity of nonprecious metal oxide active sites for ORR catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa E Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - José A Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhenbin Wang
- Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Valle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - An-Chih Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Kamat GA, Zamora Zeledón JA, Gunasooriya GTKK, Dull SM, Perryman JT, Nørskov JK, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Acid anion electrolyte effects on platinum for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. Commun Chem 2022; 5:20. [PMID: 36697647 PMCID: PMC9814610 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum is an important material with applications in oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. To better understand how its activity can be modulated through electrolyte effects in the double layer microenvironment, herein we investigate the effects of different acid anions on platinum for the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) in pH 1 electrolytes. Experimentally, we see the ORR activity trend of HClO4 > HNO3 > H2SO4, and the OER activity trend of HClO4 [Formula: see text] HNO3 ∼ H2SO4. HER/HOR performance is similar across all three electrolytes. Notably, we demonstrate that ORR performance can be improved 4-fold in nitric acid compared to in sulfuric acid. Assessing the potential-dependent role of relative anion competitive adsorption with density functional theory, we calculate unfavorable adsorption on Pt(111) for all the anions at HER/HOR conditions while under ORR/OER conditions [Formula: see text] binds the weakest followed by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Our combined experimental-theoretical work highlights the importance of understanding the role of anions across a large potential range and reveals nitrate-like electrolyte microenvironments as interesting possible sulfonate alternatives to mitigate the catalyst poisoning effects of polymer membranes/ionomers in electrochemical systems. These findings help inform rational design approaches to further enhance catalyst activity via microenvironment engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Ashish Kamat
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - José A. Zamora Zeledón
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. T. Kasun Kalhara Gunasooriya
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Samuel M. Dull
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Joseph T. Perryman
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
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12
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Lamaison S, Wakerley D, Kracke F, Moore T, Zhou L, Lee DU, Wang L, Hubert MA, Aviles Acosta JE, Gregoire JM, Duoss EB, Baker S, Beck VA, Spormann AM, Fontecave M, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF. Designing a Zn-Ag Catalyst Matrix and Electrolyzer System for CO 2 Conversion to CO and Beyond. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2103963. [PMID: 34672402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CO2 emissions can be transformed into high-added-value commodities through CO2 electrocatalysis; however, efficient low-cost electrocatalysts are needed for global scale-up. Inspired by other emerging technologies, the authors report the development of a gas diffusion electrode containing highly dispersed Ag sites in a low-cost Zn matrix. This catalyst shows unprecedented Ag mass activity for CO production: -614 mA cm-2 at 0.17 mg of Ag. Subsequent electrolyte engineering demonstrates that halide anions can further improve stability and activity of the Zn-Ag catalyst, outperforming pure Ag and Au. Membrane electrode assemblies are constructed and coupled to a microbial process that converts the CO to acetate and ethanol. Combined, these concepts present pathways to design catalysts and systems for CO2 conversion toward sought-after products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lamaison
- Collège de France, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of the Chemistry of Biological Processes, CNRS UMR 8229, Paris, 75231, France
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - David Wakerley
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Frauke Kracke
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Dong Un Lee
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - McKenzie A Hubert
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jaime E Aviles Acosta
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John M Gregoire
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Sarah Baker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Victor A Beck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Alfred M Spormann
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Collège de France, Sorbonne University, Laboratory of the Chemistry of Biological Processes, CNRS UMR 8229, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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13
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Nishimura YF, Peng HJ, Nitopi S, Bajdich M, Wang L, Morales-Guio CG, Abild-Pedersen F, Jaramillo TF, Hahn C. Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:52044-52054. [PMID: 34415714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuning bimetallic effects is a promising strategy to guide catalytic properties. However, the nature of these effects can be difficult to assess and compare due to the convolution with other factors such as the catalyst surface structure and morphology and differences in testing environments. Here, we investigate the impact of atomic-scale bimetallic effects on the electrochemical CO2 reduction performance of Cu-based catalysts by leveraging a systematic approach that unifies protocols for materials synthesis and testing and enables accurate comparisons of intrinsic catalytic activity and selectivity. We used the same physical vapor deposition method to epitaxially grow Cu(100) films decorated with a small amount of noble or base metal atoms and a combination of experimental characterization and first-principles calculations to evaluate their physicochemical and catalytic properties. The results indicate that the metal atoms segregate to under-coordinated Cu sites during physical vapor deposition, suppressing CO reduction to oxygenates and hydrocarbons and promoting competing pathways to CO, formate, and hydrogen. Leveraging these insights, we rationalize bimetallic design principles to improve catalytic selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO, formate, oxygenates, or hydrocarbons. Our study provides one of the most extensive studies on Cu bimetallics for CO2 reduction, establishing a systematic approach that is broadly applicable to research in catalyst discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku F Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hong-Jie Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephanie Nitopi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michal Bajdich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Carlos G Morales-Guio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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14
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Koshy DM, Akhade SA, Shugar A, Abiose K, Shi J, Liang S, Oakdale JS, Weitzner SE, Varley JB, Duoss EB, Baker SE, Hahn C, Bao Z, Jaramillo TF. Chemical Modifications of Ag Catalyst Surfaces with Imidazolium Ionomers Modulate H 2 Evolution Rates during Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14712-14725. [PMID: 34472346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bridging polymer design with catalyst surface science is a promising direction for tuning and optimizing electrochemical reactors that could impact long-term goals in energy and sustainability. Particularly, the interaction between inorganic catalyst surfaces and organic-based ionomers provides an avenue to both steer reaction selectivity and promote activity. Here, we studied the role of imidazolium-based ionomers for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO (CO2R) on Ag surfaces and found that they produce no effect on CO2R activity yet strongly promote the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By examining the dependence of HER and CO2R rates on concentrations of CO2 and HCO3-, we developed a kinetic model that attributes HER promotion to intrinsic promotion of HCO3- reduction by imidazolium ionomers. We also show that varying the ionomer structure by changing substituents on the imidazolium ring modulates the HER promotion. This ionomer-structure dependence was analyzed via Taft steric parameters and density functional theory calculations, which suggest that steric bulk from functionalities on the imidazolium ring reduces access of the ionomer to both HCO3- and the Ag surface, thus limiting the promotional effect. Our results help develop design rules for ionomer-catalyst interactions in CO2R and motivate further work into precisely uncovering the interplay between primary and secondary coordination in determining electrocatalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Koshy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sneha A Akhade
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Adam Shugar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 United States
| | - Kabir Abiose
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jingwei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 United States
| | - Siwei Liang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - James S Oakdale
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Stephen E Weitzner
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joel B Varley
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sarah E Baker
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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15
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Koshy DM, Nathan SS, Asundi AS, Abdellah AM, Dull SM, Cullen DA, Higgins D, Bao Z, Bent SF, Jaramillo TF. Bridging Thermal Catalysis and Electrocatalysis: Catalyzing CO 2 Conversion with Carbon-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17472-17480. [PMID: 33823079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the differences between reactions driven by elevated temperature or electric potential remains challenging, largely due to materials incompatibilities between thermal catalytic and electrocatalytic environments. We show that Ni, N-doped carbon (NiPACN), an electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO (CO2 R), can also selectively catalyze thermal CO2 to CO via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) representing a direct analogy between catalytic phenomena across the two reaction environments. Advanced characterization techniques reveal that NiPACN likely facilitates RWGS on dispersed Ni sites in agreement with CO2 R active site studies. Finally, we construct a generalized reaction driving-force that includes temperature and potential and suggest that NiPACN could facilitate faster kinetics in CO2 R relative to RWGS due to lower intrinsic barriers. This report motivates further studies that quantitatively link catalytic phenomena across disparate reaction environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Koshy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sindhu S Nathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Arun S Asundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Samuel M Dull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David A Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Drew Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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16
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17
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Zamora Zeledón JA, Kamat GA, Gunasooriya GTKK, Nørskov JK, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Probing the Effects of Acid Electrolyte Anions on Electrocatalyst Activity and Selectivity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | - Gaurav Ashish Kamat
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | | | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Catalysis Theory Center Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
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18
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Landers AT, Koshy DM, Lee SH, Drisdell WS, Davis RC, Hahn C, Mehta A, Jaramillo TF. A refraction correction for buried interfaces applied to in situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction studies on Pd electrodes. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:919-923. [PMID: 33949999 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ characterization of electrochemical systems can provide deep insights into the structure of electrodes under applied potential. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) is a particularly valuable tool owing to its ability to characterize the near-surface structure of electrodes through a layer of electrolyte, which is of paramount importance in surface-mediated processes such as catalysis and adsorption. Corrections for the refraction that occurs as an X-ray passes through an interface have been derived for a vacuum-material interface. In this work, a more general form of the refraction correction was developed which can be applied to buried interfaces, including liquid-solid interfaces. The correction is largest at incidence angles near the critical angle for the interface and decreases at angles larger and smaller than the critical angle. Effective optical constants are also introduced which can be used to calculate the critical angle for total external reflection at the interface. This correction is applied to GIXRD measurements of an aqueous electrolyte-Pd interface, demonstrating that the correction allows for the comparison of GIXRD measurements at multiple incidence angles. This work improves quantitative analysis of d-spacing values from GIXRD measurements of liquid-solid systems, facilitating the connection between electrochemical behavior and structure under in situ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Landers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Koshy
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Soo Hong Lee
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Walter S Drisdell
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryan C Davis
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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19
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Zamora Zeledón JA, Stevens MB, Gunasooriya GTKK, Gallo A, Landers AT, Kreider ME, Hahn C, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF. Tuning the electronic structure of Ag-Pd alloys to enhance performance for alkaline oxygen reduction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:620. [PMID: 33504815 PMCID: PMC7840808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloying is a powerful tool that can improve the electrocatalytic performance and viability of diverse electrochemical renewable energy technologies. Herein, we enhance the activity of Pd-based electrocatalysts via Ag-Pd alloying while simultaneously lowering precious metal content in a broad-range compositional study focusing on highly comparable Ag-Pd thin films synthesized systematically via electron-beam physical vapor co-deposition. Cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M KOH shows enhancements across a wide range of alloys; even slight alloying with Ag (e.g. Ag0.1Pd0.9) leads to intrinsic activity enhancements up to 5-fold at 0.9 V vs. RHE compared to pure Pd. Based on density functional theory and x-ray absorption, we hypothesize that these enhancements arise mainly from ligand effects that optimize adsorbate–metal binding energies with enhanced Ag-Pd hybridization. This work shows the versatility of coupled experimental-theoretical methods in designing materials with specific and tunable properties and aids the development of highly active electrocatalysts with decreased precious-metal content. Electrocatalyst development is key to improving the performance and viability of many electrochemical energy technologies. Here, the authors design Ag-Pd alloys with specifically tuned electronic structures to have enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis and decreased precious metal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alan T Landers
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Melissa E Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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20
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Winiwarter A, Boyd MJ, Scott SB, Higgins DC, Seger B, Chorkendorff I, Jaramillo TF. CO as a Probe Molecule to Study Surface Adsorbates during Electrochemical Oxidation of Propene. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiwarter
- SurfCat Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Haldor Topsoe A/S Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michael J. Boyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | - Soren B. Scott
- SurfCat Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Spectro Inlets A/S Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Drew C. Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University 1280 Main St W Hamilton Ontario L8S 4 L8 Canada
| | - Brian Seger
- SurfCat Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- SurfCat Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 United States
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21
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Lee SH, Lin JC, Farmand M, Landers AT, Feaster JT, Avilés Acosta JE, Beeman JW, Ye Y, Yano J, Mehta A, Davis RC, Jaramillo TF, Hahn C, Drisdell WS. Oxidation State and Surface Reconstruction of Cu under CO 2 Reduction Conditions from In Situ X-ray Characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:588-592. [PMID: 33382947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) using Cu-based catalysts holds great potential for producing valuable multi-carbon products from renewable energy. However, the chemical and structural state of Cu catalyst surfaces during the CO2RR remains a matter of debate. Here, we show the structural evolution of the near-surface region of polycrystalline Cu electrodes under in situ conditions through a combination of grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy (GIXAS) and X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The in situ GIXAS reveals that the surface oxide layer is fully reduced to metallic Cu before the onset potential for CO2RR, and the catalyst maintains the metallic state across the potentials relevant to the CO2RR. We also find a preferential surface reconstruction of the polycrystalline Cu surface toward (100) facets in the presence of CO2. Quantitative analysis of the reconstruction profiles reveals that the degree of reconstruction increases with increasingly negative applied potentials, and it persists when the applied potential returns to more positive values. These findings show that the surface of Cu electrocatalysts is dynamic during the CO2RR, and emphasize the importance of in situ characterization to understand the surface structure and its role in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John C Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Alan T Landers
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeremy T Feaster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jaime E Avilés Acosta
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Yifan Ye
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ryan C Davis
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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22
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Hubert MA, Patel AM, Gallo A, Liu Y, Valle E, Ben-Naim M, Sanchez J, Sokaras D, Sinclair R, Nørskov JK, King LA, Bajdich M, Jaramillo TF. Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity–Stability Relationships in Ru-Based Pyrochlores. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie A. Hubert
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anjli M. Patel
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eduardo Valle
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Micha Ben-Naim
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joel Sanchez
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laurie A. King
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, U.K
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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23
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Park J, Chen Z, Flores RA, Wallnerström G, Kulkarni A, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF, Bao Z. Two-Dimensional Conductive Ni-HAB as a Catalyst for the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39074-39081. [PMID: 32805928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic systems whose properties can be systematically tuned via changes in synthesis conditions are highly desirable for the next-generation catalyst design and optimization. Herein, we present a two-dimensional (2D) conductive metal-organic framework consisting of M-N4 units (M = Ni, Cu) and a hexaaminobenzene (HAB) linker as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. By varying synthetic conditions, we prepared two Ni-HAB catalysts with different crystallinities, resulting in catalytic systems with different electric conductivities, electrochemical activity, and stability. We show that crystallinity has a positive impact on conductivity and demonstrate that this improved crystallinity/conductivity improves the catalytic performance of our model system. Additionally, density functional theory simulations were performed to probe the origin of M-HAB's catalytic activity, and they suggest that M-HAB's organic linker acts as the active site with the role of the metal being to modulate the linker sites' binding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raul A Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gustaf Wallnerström
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Ambarish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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24
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Nielander AC, Blair SJ, McEnaney JM, Schwalbe JA, Adams T, Taheri S, Wang L, Yang S, Cargnello M, Jaramillo TF. Readily Constructed Glass Piston Pump for Gas Recirculation. ACS Omega 2020; 5:16455-16459. [PMID: 32685809 PMCID: PMC7364576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recirculation of gases in a sealed reactor system is a broadly useful method in catalytic and electrocatalytic studies. It is especially relevant when a reactant gas reacts slowly with respect to residence time in a catalytic reaction zone and when mass transport control through the reaction zone is necessary. This need is well illustrated in the field of electrocatalytic N2 reduction, where the need for recirculation of 15N2 has recently become more apparent. Herein, we describe the design, fabrication, use, and specifications of a lubricant-free, readily constructed recirculating pump fabricated entirely from glass and inert polymer (poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)) components. Using these glass and polymer components ensures chemical compatibility between the piston pump and a wide range of chemical environments, including strongly acidic and organic electrolytes often employed in studies of electrocatalytic N2 reduction. The lubricant-free nature of the pump and the presence of components made exclusively of glass and PEEK/PTFE mitigate contamination concerns associated with recirculating gases saturated with corrosive or reactive vapors for extended periods. The gas recirculating glass pump achieved a flow rate of >500 mL min-1 N2 against atmospheric pressure at 15 W peak power input and >100 mL min-1 N2 against a differential pressure of +6 in. H2O (∼15 mbar) at 10 W peak power input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Nielander
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah J. Blair
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joshua M. McEnaney
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jay A. Schwalbe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tom Adams
- Adams
& Chittenden Scientific Glass, 2741 Eighth Street, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - Sawson Taheri
- Stanford
Prototyping Facility, Stanford University, 350 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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25
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Duyar MS, Gallo A, Snider JL, Jaramillo TF. Low-pressure methanol synthesis from CO2 over metal-promoted Ni-Ga intermetallic catalysts. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Schwalbe JA, Statt MJ, Chosy C, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Nielander AC, Andersen SZ, McEnaney JM, Baker JG, Jaramillo TF, Nørskov JK, Cargnello M. A Combined Theory‐Experiment Analysis of the Surface Species in Lithium‐Mediated NH
3
Electrosynthesis. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. Schwalbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael J. Statt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Cullen Chosy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Aayush R. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Brian A. Rohr
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Adam C. Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Suzanne Z. Andersen
- Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Joshua M. McEnaney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jon G. Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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27
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Schwalbe JA, Statt MJ, Chosy C, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Nielander AC, Andersen SZ, McEnaney JM, Baker JG, Jaramillo TF, Norskov JK, Cargnello M. Front Cover: A Combined Theory‐Experiment Analysis of the Surface Species in Lithium‐Mediated NH
3
Electrosynthesis (ChemElectroChem 7/2020). ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. Schwalbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael J. Statt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Cullen Chosy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Aayush R. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Brian A. Rohr
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Adam C. Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Suzanne Z. Andersen
- Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Joshua M. McEnaney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jon G. Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jens K. Norskov
- Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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28
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Ben-Naim M, Palm DW, Strickler AL, Nielander AC, Sanchez J, King LA, Higgins DC, Jaramillo TF. A Spin Coating Method To Deposit Iridium-Based Catalysts onto Silicon for Water Oxidation Photoanodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5901-5908. [PMID: 31971770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon has shown promise for use as a small band gap (1.1 eV) absorber material in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the limited stability of silicon in acidic electrolyte requires the use of protection strategies coupled with catalysts. Herein, spin coating is used as a versatile method to directly coat silicon photoanodes with an IrOx oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, reducing the processing complexity compared to conventional fabrication schemes. Biphasic strontium chloride/iridium oxide (SrCl2:IrOx) catalysts are also developed, and both catalysts form photoactive junctions with silicon and demonstrate high photoanode activity. The iridium oxide photoanode displays a photocurrent onset at 1.06 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), while the SrCl2:IrOx photoanode onsets earlier at 0.96 V vs RHE. The differing potentials are consistent with the observed photovoltages of 0.43 and 0.53 V for the IrOx and SrCl2:IrOx, respectively. By measuring the oxidation of a reversible redox couple, Fe(CN)63-/4-, we compare the charge carrier extraction of the devices and show that the addition of SrCl2 to the IrOx catalyst improves the silicon-electrolyte interface compared to pure IrOx. However, the durability of the strontium-containing photoanode remains a challenge, with its photocurrent density decreasing by 90% over 4 h. The IrOx photoanode, on the other hand, maintained a stable photocurrent density over this timescale. Characterization of the as-prepared and post-tested material structure via Auger electron spectroscopy identifies catalyst film cracking and delamination as the primary failure modes. We propose that improvements to catalyst adhesion should further the viability of spin coating as a technique for photoanode preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Ben-Naim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - David W Palm
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Alaina L Strickler
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Adam C Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Joel Sanchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
| | - Laurie A King
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Manchester Metropolitan University , Chester Street , Manchester M1 5GD , U.K
| | - Drew C Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton Ontario , Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford California 94305 , United States
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29
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Schwalbe JA, Statt MJ, Chosy C, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Nielander AC, Andersen SZ, McEnaney JM, Baker JG, Jaramillo TF, Norskov JK, Cargnello M. A Combined Theory‐Experiment Analysis of the Surface Species in Lithium‐Mediated NH
3
Electrosynthesis. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. Schwalbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael J. Statt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Cullen Chosy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Aayush R. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Brian A. Rohr
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Adam C. Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Suzanne Z. Andersen
- Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Joshua M. McEnaney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jon G. Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jens K. Norskov
- Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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30
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Koshy DM, Chen S, Lee DU, Stevens MB, Abdellah AM, Dull SM, Chen G, Nordlund D, Gallo A, Hahn C, Higgins DC, Bao Z, Jaramillo TF. Understanding the Origin of Highly Selective CO 2 Electroreduction to CO on Ni,N-doped Carbon Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4043-4050. [PMID: 31919948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ni,N-doped carbon catalysts have shown promising catalytic performance for CO2 electroreduction (CO2 R) to CO; this activity has often been attributed to the presence of nitrogen-coordinated, single Ni atom active sites. However, experimentally confirming Ni-N bonding and correlating CO2 reduction (CO2 R) activity to these species has remained a fundamental challenge. We synthesized polyacrylonitrile-derived Ni,N-doped carbon electrocatalysts (Ni-PACN) with a range of pyrolysis temperatures and Ni loadings and correlated their electrochemical activity with extensive physiochemical characterization to rigorously address the origin of activity in these materials. We found that the CO2 R to CO partial current density increased with increased Ni content before plateauing at 2 wt % which suggests a dispersed Ni active site. These dispersed active sites were investigated by hard and soft X-ray spectroscopy, which revealed that pyrrolic nitrogen ligands selectively bind Ni atoms in a distorted square-planar geometry that strongly resembles the active sites of molecular metal-porphyrin catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Koshy
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shucheng Chen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dong Un Lee
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel M Dull
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Drew C Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhenan Bao
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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31
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Koshy DM, Chen S, Lee DU, Stevens MB, Abdellah AM, Dull SM, Chen G, Nordlund D, Gallo A, Hahn C, Higgins DC, Bao Z, Jaramillo TF. Understanding the Origin of Highly Selective CO
2
Electroreduction to CO on Ni,N‐doped Carbon Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Koshy
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Shucheng Chen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Dong Un Lee
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ahmed M. Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Samuel M. Dull
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Drew C. Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Zhenan Bao
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
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32
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Ringe S, Morales-Guio CG, Chen LD, Fields M, Jaramillo TF, Hahn C, Chan K. Double layer charging driven carbon dioxide adsorption limits the rate of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction on Gold. Nat Commun 2020; 11:33. [PMID: 31911585 PMCID: PMC6946669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical CO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\end{document}2 reduction is a potential route to the sustainable production of valuable fuels and chemicals. Here, we perform CO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\end{document}2 reduction experiments on Gold at neutral to acidic pH values to elucidate the long-standing controversy surrounding the rate-limiting step. We find the CO production rate to be invariant with pH on a Standard Hydrogen Electrode scale and conclude that it is limited by the CO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\end{document}2 adsorption step. We present a new multi-scale modeling scheme that integrates ab initio reaction kinetics with mass transport simulations, explicitly considering the charged electric double layer. The model reproduces the experimental CO polarization curve and reveals the rate-limiting step to be *COOH to *CO at low overpotentials, CO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\end{document}2 adsorption at intermediate ones, and CO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\end{document}2 mass transport at high overpotentials. Finally, we show the Tafel slope to arise from the electrostatic interaction between the dipole of *CO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\end{document}2 and the interfacial field. This work highlights the importance of surface charging for electrochemical kinetics and mass transport. Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a potential route to the sustainable production of valuable fuels and chemicals. In this joint experimental-theoretical work, the authors address the issue of the rate-limiting step on Gold and present insights from multi-scale simulations into the importance of the electric double layer on reaction kinetics and mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ringe
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Carlos G Morales-Guio
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Leanne D Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Meredith Fields
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- CatTheory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
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33
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Ramos-Garcés MV, Sanchez J, La Luz-Rivera K, Del Toro-Pedrosa DE, Jaramillo TF, Colón JL. Morphology control of metal-modified zirconium phosphate support structures for the oxygen evolution reaction. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3892-3900. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of ZrP supports affects the loading and coverage of Co and Ni species, explaining their different OER performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario V. Ramos-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras
- San Juan
- USA
- PREM Center for Interfacial Electrochemistry of Energy Materials
| | - Joel Sanchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
| | - Kálery La Luz-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras
- San Juan
- USA
- PREM Center for Interfacial Electrochemistry of Energy Materials
| | | | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
| | - Jorge L. Colón
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras
- San Juan
- USA
- PREM Center for Interfacial Electrochemistry of Energy Materials
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34
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King LA, Hubert MA, Capuano C, Manco J, Danilovic N, Valle E, Hellstern TR, Ayers K, Jaramillo TF. A non-precious metal hydrogen catalyst in a commercial polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:1071-1074. [PMID: 31611657 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the translation of a low-cost, non-precious metal cobalt phosphide (CoP) catalyst from 1 cm2 lab-scale experiments to a commercial-scale 86 cm2 polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyser. A two-step bulk synthesis was adopted to produce CoP on a high-surface-area carbon support that was readily integrated into an industrial PEM electrolyser fabrication process. The performance of the CoP was compared head to head with a platinum-based PEM under the same operating conditions (400 psi, 50 °C). CoP was found to be active and stable, operating at 1.86 A cm-2 for >1,700 h of continuous hydrogen production while providing substantial material cost savings relative to platinum. This work illustrates a potential pathway for non-precious hydrogen evolution catalysts developed in past decades to translate to commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A King
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shriram Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - McKenzie A Hubert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shriram Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Judith Manco
- Nel Hydrogen/Proton OnSite, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Nemanja Danilovic
- Nel Hydrogen/Proton OnSite, Wallingford, CT, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Valle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shriram Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Thomas R Hellstern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shriram Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shriram Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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35
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De Luna P, Hahn C, Higgins D, Jaffer SA, Jaramillo TF, Sargent EH. What would it take for renewably powered electrosynthesis to displace petrochemical processes? Science 2019; 364:364/6438/eaav3506. [PMID: 31023896 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into chemical feedstocks offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions by shifting the chemical industry away from fossil fuel dependence. We provide a technoeconomic and carbon emission analysis of possible products, offering targets that would need to be met for economically compelling industrial implementation to be achieved. We also provide a comparison of the projected costs and CO2 emissions across electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and fossil fuel-derived production of chemical feedstocks. We find that for electrosynthesis to become competitive with fossil fuel-derived feedstocks, electrical-to-chemical conversion efficiencies need to reach at least 60%, and renewable electricity prices need to fall below 4 cents per kilowatt-hour. We discuss the possibility of combining electro- and biocatalytic processes, using sequential upgrading of CO2 as a representative case. We describe the technical challenges and economic barriers to marketable electrosynthesized chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil De Luna
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 0R6, Canada
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Drew Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
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36
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Andersen SZ, Čolić V, Yang S, Schwalbe JA, Nielander AC, McEnaney JM, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Baker JG, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Statt MJ, Blair SJ, Mezzavilla S, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Cargnello M, Bent SF, Jaramillo TF, Stephens IEL, Nørskov JK, Chorkendorff I. Author Correction: A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements. Nature 2019; 574:E5. [PMID: 31554972 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Z Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Viktor Čolić
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jay A Schwalbe
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M McEnaney
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jon G Baker
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aayush R Singh
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Rohr
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Statt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Blair
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey F Bent
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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37
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Boutin E, Wang M, Lin JC, Mesnage M, Mendoza D, Lassalle‐Kaiser B, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF, Robert M. Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide into Methanol with Cobalt Phthalocyanine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boutin
- Université de ParisLaboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75013 Paris France
| | - Min Wang
- Université de ParisLaboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75013 Paris France
| | - John C. Lin
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and CatalysisDepartment of Chemical EngineeringStanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Matthieu Mesnage
- Université de ParisLaboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75013 Paris France
| | - Daniela Mendoza
- Université de ParisLaboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75013 Paris France
- Synchrotron SOLEILL'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and CatalysisDepartment of Chemical EngineeringStanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and CatalysisSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and CatalysisDepartment of Chemical EngineeringStanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and CatalysisSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Marc Robert
- Université de ParisLaboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75013 Paris France
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38
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Boutin E, Wang M, Lin JC, Mesnage M, Mendoza D, Lassalle‐Kaiser B, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF, Robert M. Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide into Methanol with Cobalt Phthalocyanine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16172-16176. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boutin
- Université de Paris Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire CNRS 75013 Paris France
| | - Min Wang
- Université de Paris Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire CNRS 75013 Paris France
| | - John C. Lin
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Matthieu Mesnage
- Université de Paris Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire CNRS 75013 Paris France
| | - Daniela Mendoza
- Université de Paris Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire CNRS 75013 Paris France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Marc Robert
- Université de Paris Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire CNRS 75013 Paris France
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39
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Strickler AL, Flores RA, King LA, Nørskov JK, Bajdich M, Jaramillo TF. Systematic Investigation of Iridium-Based Bimetallic Thin Film Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:34059-34066. [PMID: 31442022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multimetallic Ir-based systems offer significant opportunities for enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis by modifying the electronic and geometric properties of the active catalyst. Herein, a systematic investigation of bimetallic Ir-based thin films was performed to identify activity and stability trends across material systems for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media. Electron beam evaporation was used to co-deposit metallic films of Ir, IrSn2, IrCr, IrTi, and IrNi. The electrocatalytic activity of the electrochemically oxidized alloys was found to increase in the following order: IrTi < IrSn2 < Ir ∼ IrNi < IrCr. The IrCr system demonstrates two times the catalytic activity of Ir at 1.65 V versus RHE. Density functional theory calculations suggest that this enhancement is due to Cr active sites that have improved oxygen binding energetics compared to those of pure Ir oxide. This work identifies IrCr as a promising new catalyst system that facilitates reduced precious metal loadings for acid-based OER catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina L Strickler
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Raul A Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Laurie A King
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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40
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Kreider ME, Gallo A, Back S, Liu Y, Siahrostami S, Nordlund D, Sinclair R, Nørskov JK, King LA, Jaramillo TF. Precious Metal-Free Nickel Nitride Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:26863-26871. [PMID: 31310093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With promising activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), transition metal nitrides are an interesting class of non-platinum group catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Here, we report an active thin-film nickel nitride catalyst synthesized through a reactive sputtering method. In rotating disk electrode testing in a 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte, the crystalline nickel nitride film achieved high activity and selectivity to four-electron ORR. It also exhibited good stability during 10 and 40 h chronoamperometry measurements in acid and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. A combined experiment-theory approach, with detailed ex situ materials characterization and density functional theory calculations, provides insight into the structure of the catalyst and its surface during catalysis. Design strategies for activity and stability improvement through alloying and nanostructuring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Kreider
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Seoin Back
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | | | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Laurie A King
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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41
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Boyd MJ, Latimer AA, Dickens CF, Nielander AC, Hahn C, Nørskov JK, Higgins DC, Jaramillo TF. Electro-Oxidation of Methane on Platinum under Ambient Conditions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Boyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Allegra A. Latimer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Colin F. Dickens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Adam C. Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Drew C. Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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42
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Wang L, Nitopi S, Wong AB, Snider JL, Nielander AC, Morales-Guio CG, Orazov M, Higgins DC, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF. Electrochemically converting carbon monoxide to liquid fuels by directing selectivity with electrode surface area. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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43
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Nielander AC, McEnaney JM, Schwalbe JA, Baker JG, Blair SJ, Wang L, Pelton JG, Andersen SZ, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Čolić V, Yang S, Bent SF, Cargnello M, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Chorkendorff I, Jaramillo TF. A Versatile Method for Ammonia Detection in a Range of Relevant Electrolytes via Direct Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Nielander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joshua M. McEnaney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jay A. Schwalbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jon G. Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah J. Blair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Pelton
- QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Suzanne Z. Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Viktor Čolić
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stacey F. Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C. K. Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 311, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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44
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Nitopi S, Bertheussen E, Scott SB, Liu X, Engstfeld AK, Horch S, Seger B, Stephens IEL, Chan K, Hahn C, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF, Chorkendorff I. Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction on Copper in Aqueous Electrolyte. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7610-7672. [PMID: 31117420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1336] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, copper is the only heterogeneous catalyst that has shown a propensity to produce valuable hydrocarbons and alcohols, such as ethylene and ethanol, from electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R). There are variety of factors that impact CO2R activity and selectivity, including the catalyst surface structure, morphology, composition, the choice of electrolyte ions and pH, and the electrochemical cell design. Many of these factors are often intertwined, which can complicate catalyst discovery and design efforts. Here we take a broad and historical view of these different aspects and their complex interplay in CO2R catalysis on Cu, with the purpose of providing new insights, critical evaluations, and guidance to the field with regard to research directions and best practices. First, we describe the various experimental probes and complementary theoretical methods that have been used to discern the mechanisms by which products are formed, and next we present our current understanding of the complex reaction networks for CO2R on Cu. We then analyze two key methods that have been used in attempts to alter the activity and selectivity of Cu: nanostructuring and the formation of bimetallic electrodes. Finally, we offer some perspectives on the future outlook for electrochemical CO2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nitopi
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Erlend Bertheussen
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Soren B Scott
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinyan Liu
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Albert K Engstfeld
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Horch
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian Seger
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Chan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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45
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Andersen SZ, Čolić V, Yang S, Schwalbe JA, Nielander AC, McEnaney JM, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Baker JG, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Statt MJ, Blair SJ, Mezzavilla S, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Cargnello M, Bent SF, Jaramillo TF, Stephens IEL, Nørskov JK, Chorkendorff I. A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements. Nature 2019; 570:504-508. [PMID: 31117118 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen under mild conditions using renewable electricity is an attractive alternative1-4 to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, which dominates industrial ammonia production. However, there are considerable scientific and technical challenges5,6 facing the electrochemical alternative, and most experimental studies reported so far have achieved only low selectivities and conversions. The amount of ammonia produced is usually so small that it cannot be firmly attributed to electrochemical nitrogen fixation7-9 rather than contamination from ammonia that is either present in air, human breath or ion-conducting membranes9, or generated from labile nitrogen-containing compounds (for example, nitrates, amines, nitrites and nitrogen oxides) that are typically present in the nitrogen gas stream10, in the atmosphere or even in the catalyst itself. Although these sources of experimental artefacts are beginning to be recognized and managed11,12, concerted efforts to develop effective electrochemical nitrogen reduction processes would benefit from benchmarking protocols for the reaction and from a standardized set of control experiments designed to identify and then eliminate or quantify the sources of contamination. Here we propose a rigorous procedure using 15N2 that enables us to reliably detect and quantify the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia. We demonstrate experimentally the importance of various sources of contamination, and show how to remove labile nitrogen-containing compounds from the nitrogen gas as well as how to perform quantitative isotope measurements with cycling of 15N2 gas to reduce both contamination and the cost of isotope measurements. Following this protocol, we find that no ammonia is produced when using the most promising pure-metal catalysts for this reaction in aqueous media, and we successfully confirm and quantify ammonia synthesis using lithium electrodeposition in tetrahydrofuran13. The use of this rigorous protocol should help to prevent false positives from appearing in the literature, thus enabling the field to focus on viable pathways towards the practical electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Z Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Viktor Čolić
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jay A Schwalbe
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M McEnaney
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jon G Baker
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aayush R Singh
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Rohr
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Statt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Blair
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey F Bent
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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46
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Kracke F, Wong AB, Maegaard K, Deutzmann JS, Hubert MA, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF, Spormann AM. Robust and biocompatible catalysts for efficient hydrogen-driven microbial electrosynthesis. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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47
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Clark EL, Ringe S, Tang M, Walton A, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF, Chan K, Bell AT. Influence of Atomic Surface Structure on the Activity of Ag for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra L. Clark
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefan Ringe
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael Tang
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Amber Walton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Karen Chan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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48
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Snider JL, Streibel V, Hubert MA, Choksi TS, Valle E, Upham DC, Schumann J, Duyar MS, Gallo A, Abild-Pedersen F, Jaramillo TF. Revealing the Synergy between Oxide and Alloy Phases on the Performance of Bimetallic In–Pd Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Snider
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Verena Streibel
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - McKenzie A. Hubert
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tej S. Choksi
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Eduardo Valle
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - D. Chester Upham
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julia Schumann
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Melis S. Duyar
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alessandro Gallo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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49
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Farmand M, Landers AT, Lin JC, Feaster JT, Beeman JW, Ye Y, Clark EL, Higgins D, Yano J, Davis RC, Mehta A, Jaramillo TF, Hahn C, Drisdell WS. Electrochemical flow cell enabling operando probing of electrocatalyst surfaces by X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5402-5408. [PMID: 30785434 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rational improvement of current and developing electrochemical technologies requires atomistic understanding of electrode-electrolyte interfaces. However, examining these interfaces under operando conditions, where performance is typically evaluated and benchmarked, remains challenging, as it necessitates incorporating an operando probe during full electrochemical operation. In this study, we describe a custom electrochemical flow cell that enables near-surface-sensitive operando investigation of planar thin-film catalysts at significant hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rates (in excess of -100 mA cm-2) using grazing incidence X-ray methods. Grazing-incidence X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction were implemented on the same sample under identical HER conditions, demonstrating how the combined measurements track changing redox chemistry and structure of Cu thin-film catalyst surfaces as a function of electrochemical conditions. The coupling of these methods with improved mass transport and hydrodynamic control establishes a new paradigm for operando measurement design, enabling unique insights into the key fundamental processes occurring at the catalyst-electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farmand
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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50
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Liu X, Schlexer P, Xiao J, Ji Y, Wang L, Sandberg RB, Tang M, Brown KS, Peng H, Ringe S, Hahn C, Jaramillo TF, Nørskov JK, Chan K. pH effects on the electrochemical reduction of CO (2) towards C 2 products on stepped copper. Nat Commun 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30604776 PMCID: PMC6318338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a microkinetic model for CO(2) reduction (CO(2)R) on Cu(211) towards C2 products, based on energetics estimated from an explicit solvent model. We show that the differences in both Tafel slopes and pH dependence for C1 vs C2 activity arise from differences in their multi-step mechanisms. We find the depletion in C2 products observed at high overpotential and high pH to arise from the 2nd order dependence of C-C coupling on CO coverage, which decreases due to competition from the C1 pathway. We further demonstrate that CO(2) reduction at a fixed pH yield similar activities, due to the facile kinetics for CO2 reduction to CO on Cu, which suggests C2 products to be favored for CO2R under alkaline conditions. The mechanistic insights of this work elucidate how reaction conditions can lead to significant enhancements in selectivity and activity towards higher value C2 products. CO2 conversion to reduced products provides a use for greenhouse gases, but reaction complexity stymies mechanistic studies. Here, authors present a microkinetic model for CO2 and CO reduction on copper, based on ab initio simulations, to elucidate pH’s impact on competitive reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Liu
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Philomena Schlexer
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Jianping Xiao
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yongfei Ji
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Robert B Sandberg
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Michael Tang
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Kristopher S Brown
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Hongjie Peng
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Stefan Ringe
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA.,CatTheory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karen Chan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA. .,CatTheory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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