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Dogru-Yuksel IB, Mosk AP, Faez S. Origami nanogap electrodes for reversible nanoparticle trapping. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8514-8520. [PMID: 38591730 PMCID: PMC11064776 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We present a facile desktop fabrication method for origami-based nanogap indium tin oxide (ITO) electrokinetic particle traps, providing a simplified approach compared to traditional lithographic techniques and effective trapping of nanoparticles. Our approach involves bending ITO thin films on optically transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET), creating an array of parallel nanogaps. By strategically introducing weak points through cut-sharp edges, we successfully controlled the spread of nanocracks. A single crack spanning the constriction width and splitting the conductive layers forms a nanogap that can effectively trap small nanoparticles after applying an alternating electric potential across the nanogap. We analyze the conditions for reversible trapping and optimal performance of the nanogap ITO electrodes with optical microscopy and electrokinetic impedance spectroscopy. Our findings highlight the potential of this facile fabrication method for the use of ITO at active electro-actuated traps in microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itir Bakis Dogru-Yuksel
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Allard P Mosk
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanli Faez
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Khatri S, Pandey P, Mejia G, Ghimire G, Leng F, He J. Nanoconfinement and Crowding Enhanced Single-Molecule Detection of Small Molecules with Nanopipettes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28075-28084. [PMID: 37996390 PMCID: PMC11036617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Glass nanopipettes have gained widespread use as a versatile single-entity detector in chemical and biological sensing, analysis, and imaging. Its advantages include low cost, easy accessibility, simplicity of use, and high versatility. However, conventional nanopipettes based on the volume exclusion mechanism have limitations in detecting small biomolecules due to their small volume and high mobility in aqueous solution. To overcome this challenge, we have employed a novel approach by capitalizing on the strong nanoconfinement effect of nanopipettes. This is achieved by utilizing both the hard confinement provided by the long taper nanopipette tip at the cis side and the soft confinement offered by the hydrogel at the trans side. Through this approach, we have effectively slowed down the exit motion of small molecules, allowing us to enrich and jam them at the nanopipette tip. Consequently, we have achieved high throughput detection of small biomolecules with sizes as small as 1 nm, including nucleoside triphosphates, short peptides, and small proteins with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, molecular complex formation through specific intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding between closely spaced nucleotides in the jam-packed nanopipette tip, has been detected based on the unique ionic current changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Khatri
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - German Mejia
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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3
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Lu SM, Chen JF, Wang HF, Hu P, Long YT. Mass Transport and Electron Transfer at the Electrochemical-Confined Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1113-1123. [PMID: 36705310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single entity measurements based on the stochastic collision electrochemistry provide a promising and versatile means to study single molecules, single particles, single droplets, etc. Conceptually, mass transport and electron transfer are the two main processes at the electrochemically confined interface that underpin the most transient electrochemical responses resulting from the stochastic and discrete behaviors of single entities at the microscopic scale. This perspective demonstrates how to achieve controllable stochastic collision electrochemistry by effectively altering the two processes. Future challenges and opportunities for stochastic collision electrochemistry are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Peijun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023P. R. China
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4
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Zhang S, Liu M, Cui H, Ziaee MA, Sun R, Chen L, Chen D, Garoli D, Wang J. Detection of small-sized DNA fragments in a glassy nanopore by utilization of CRISPR-Cas12a as a converter system. Analyst 2022; 147:905-914. [PMID: 35142306 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of nanopores with a matched pore size, and the existence of multiple interferents make the reproducible detection of small-sized molecules by means of solid-state nanopores still challenging. A useful method to solve these problems is based on the detection of large DNA nanostructures related to the existence of small-sized targets. In particular, a DNA tetrahedron with a well-defined 3D nanostructure is the ideal candidate for use as a signal transducer. Here, we demonstrate the detection of an L1-encoding gene of HPV18 as a test DNA target sequence in a reaction buffer solution, where long single-stranded DNA linking DNA tetrahedra onto the surface of the magnetic beads is cleaved by a target DNA-activated CRISPR-cas12 system. The DNA tetrahedra are subsequently released and can be detected by the current pulse in a glassy nanopore. This approach has several advantages: (1) one signal transducer can be used to detect different targets; (2) a glassy nanopore with a pore size much larger than the target DNA fragment can boost the tolerance of the contaminants and interferents which often degrade the performance of a nanopore sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Minyi Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Haofa Cui
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Muhammad Asad Ziaee
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rongwei Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Liting Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Daqi Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16136 Genova, Italy. .,Liberà Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jiahai Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Pandey P, Bhattarai N, Su L, Wang X, Leng F, Gerst-man B, Chapagain PP, He J. Detecting Individual Proteins and Their Surface Charge Variations in Solution by the Potentiometric Nanoimpact Method. ACS Sens 2022; 7:555-563. [PMID: 35060380 PMCID: PMC10631516 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Label-free detection and analysis of proteins in their natural form and their dynamic interactions with substrates at the single-molecule level are important for both fundamental studies and various applications. Herein, we demonstrate a simple potentiometric method to achieve this goal by detecting the native charge of protein in solution by utilizing the principle of single-entity electrochemistry techniques. When a charged protein moves near the vicinity of a floating carbon nanoelectrode connected to a high-impedance voltage meter, the distinct local electrostatic potential changes induced by the transient collision event of protein, also called the "nanoimpact" event, can be captured by the nanoelectrode as a potential probe. This potentiometric method is highly sensitive for charged proteins, and low-molecular-weight proteins less than 10 kDa can be detected in low-salt-concentration electrolytes. By analyzing the shape and magnitude of the recorded time-resolved potential change and its time derivative, we can reveal the charge and motion of the protein in the nonspecific protein-surface interaction event. The charge polarity variations of the proteins at different pH values were also successfully probed. Compared with synthetic spherical nanoparticles, the statistical analysis of many single-molecule nanoimpact events revealed a large variation in the recorded transient potential signals, which may be attributed to the intrinsic protein dynamics and surface charge heterogeneity, as suggested by the finite element method and molecular dynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Nisha Bhattarai
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Linjia Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Bernard Gerst-man
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Prem P. Chapagain
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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6
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Pandey P, Sesena-Rubfiaro A, Khatri S, He J. Development of multifunctional nanopipettes for controlled intracellular delivery and single-entity detection. Faraday Discuss 2021; 233:315-335. [PMID: 34889345 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00057h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of biomolecules and nanoscale materials to individual cells has gained remarkable attention in recent years owing to its wide applications in drug delivery, clinical diagnostics, bio-imaging and single-cell analysis. It remains a challenge to control and measure the delivered amount in one cell. In this work, we developed a multifunctional nanopipette - containing both a nanopore and nanoelectrode (pyrolytic carbon) at the apex - as a facile, minimally invasive and effective platform for both controllable single-cell intracellular delivery and single-entity counting. While controlled by a micromanipulator, the baseline changes of the nanopore ionic current (I) and nanoelectrode open circuit potential (V) help to guide the nanopipette tip insertion and positioning processes. The delivery from the nanopore barrel can be facilely controlled by the applied nanopore bias. To optimize the intracellular single-entity detection during delivery, we studied the effects of the nanopipette tip geometry and solution salt concentration in controlled experiments. We have successfully delivered gold nanoparticles and biomolecules into the cell, as confirmed by the increased scattering and fluorescence signals, respectively. The delivered entities have also been detected at the single-entity level using either one or both transient I and V signals. We found that the sensitivity of the single-entity electrochemical measurement was greatly affected by the local environment of the cell and varied between cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA.
| | | | - Santosh Khatri
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA.
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA. .,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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7
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Pandey P, Ghimire G, Garcia J, Rubfiaro A, Wang X, Tomitaka A, Nair M, Kaushik A, He J. Single-Entity Approach to Investigate Surface Charge Enhancement in Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles Induced by AC Magnetic Field Stimulation. ACS Sens 2021; 6:340-347. [PMID: 32449356 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs), composed of a piezoelectric shell and a ferromagnetic core, exhibited enhanced cell uptake and controlled drug release due to the enhanced localized electric field (surface charge/potential) and the generation of acoustics, respectively, upon applying alternating current (AC) magnetic (B)-field stimulation. This research, for the first time, implements an electrochemical single-entity approach to probe AC B-field induced strain mediated surface potential enhancement on MENP surface. The surface potential changes at the single-NP level can be probed by the open circuit potential changes of the floating carbon nanoelectrode (CNE) during the MENP-CNE collision events. The results confirmed that the AC B-field (60 Oe) stimulation caused localized surface potential enhancement of MENP. This observation is associated with the presence of a piezoelectric shell, whereas magnetic nanoparticles were found unaffected under identical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Javier Garcia
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alberto Rubfiaro
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Asahi Tomitaka
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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8
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FENG WN, HE J, LI SY, YANG D, LI HN, YANG GC, FU Q, SHAN YP. Detection of Secretion of Exosomes from Individual Cell in Real-Time by Multifunctional Nanoelectrode-Nanopore Nanopipettes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Pandey P, Garcia J, Guo J, Wang X, Yang D, He J. Differentiation of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles in solution by single-nanoparticle collision events at the nanoelectrode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:015503. [PMID: 31519013 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a highly effective method to generate and detect single-nanoparticle (NP) collision events on a nanoelectrode in aqueous solutions. The nanoelectrode of a nanopore-nanoelectrode nanopipette is first employed to accumulate NPs in solution by dielectrophoresis (DEP). Instead of using amperometric methods, the continuous individual NP collision events on the nanoelectrode are sensitively detected by monitoring the open-circuit potential changes of the nanoelectrode. Metallic gold NPs (GNPs) and insulating polystyrene (PS) NPs with various sizes are used as the model NPs. Due to the higher conductivity and polarizability of GNPs, the collision motion of a GNP is different from that of a PS NP. The difference is distinct in the shape of the transient potential change and its first time derivative detected by the nanoelectrode. Therefore, the collision events by metallic and insulating NPs on a nanoelectrode can be differentiated based on their polarizability. DEP induced NP separation and cluster formation can also be probed in detail in the concentrated mixture of PS NPs and GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, United States of America
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10
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Yang D, Liu G, Li H, Liu A, Guo J, Shan Y, Wang Z, He J. The fabrication of a gold nanoelectrode–nanopore nanopipette for dopamine enrichment and multimode detection. Analyst 2020; 145:1047-1055. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is important to further improve the electrophysiology and electrochemistry techniques of neurotransmitter detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Advanced Institute of Material Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Advanced Institute of Material Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Hongna Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Aoxue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jing Guo
- Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Yuping Shan
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Advanced Institute of Material Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jin He
- Physics
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
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11
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Facile Fabrication of Gold Functionalized Nanopipette for Nanoscale Electrochemistry and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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