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Martinaga L, Ludwig R, Rezić I, Andlar M, Pum D, Vrsalović Presečki A. The application of bacteria-derived dehydrogenases and oxidases in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:62. [PMID: 38183486 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In this work the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) using the oxidoreductive enzymes Myriococcum thermophilum cellobiose dehydrogenase (Mt CDH), Glomerella cingulata glucose dehydrogenase (Gc GDH), and Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (An GOX)) as bioreductants was investigated. The influence of reaction conditions on the synthesis of Au-NPs was examined and optimised. The reaction kinetics and the influence of Au ions on the reaction rate were determined. Based on the kinetic study, the mechanism of Au-NP synthesis was proposed. The Au-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peaks of the Au-NPs synthesised with Mt CDH and Gc GDH were observed at 535 nm, indicating an average size of around 50 nm. According to the image analysis performed on a TEM micrograph, the Au-NPs synthesized with Gc GDH have a spherical shape with an average size of 2.83 and 6.63 nm after 24 and 48 h of the reaction, respectively. KEY POINTS: • The Au NPs were synthesised by the action of enzymes CDH and GDH. • The synthesis of Au-NPs by CDH is related to the oxidation of cellobiose. • The synthesis of Au-NPs by GDH was not driven by the reaction kinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Martinaga
- Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roland Ludwig
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iva Rezić
- Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Andlar
- Krka, d.d, Šmajerska Cesta 6, 8501, Novo Mesto, Slovenia
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva Ulica 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dietmar Pum
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Vrsalović Presečki
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska Cesta 16/I, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Huang XL. Unveiling the role of inorganic nanoparticles in Earth's biochemical evolution through electron transfer dynamics. iScience 2024; 27:109555. [PMID: 38638571 PMCID: PMC11024932 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the intricate interplay between inorganic nanoparticles and Earth's biochemical history, with a focus on their electron transfer properties. It reveals how iron oxide and sulfide nanoparticles, as examples of inorganic nanoparticles, exhibit oxidoreductase activity similar to proteins. Termed "life fossil oxidoreductases," these inorganic enzymes influence redox reactions, detoxification processes, and nutrient cycling in early Earth environments. By emphasizing the structural configuration of nanoparticles and their electron conformation, including oxygen defects and metal vacancies, especially electron hopping, the article provides a foundation for understanding inorganic enzyme mechanisms. This approach, rooted in physics, underscores that life's origin and evolution are governed by electron transfer principles within the framework of chemical equilibrium. Today, these nanoparticles serve as vital biocatalysts in natural ecosystems, participating in critical reactions for ecosystem health. The research highlights their enduring impact on Earth's history, shaping ecosystems and interacting with protein metal centers through shared electron transfer dynamics, offering insights into early life processes and adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Huang
- Center for Clean Water Technology, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-6044, USA
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3
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Zhang D, Bai Y, Niu H, Chen L, Xiao J, Guo Q, Jia P. Enzyme Immobilization by Inkjet Printing on Reagentless Biosensors for Electrochemical Phosphate Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38667161 PMCID: PMC11047959 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-based biosensors commonly utilize the drop-casting method for their surface modification. However, the drawbacks of this technique, such as low reproducibility, coffee ring effects, and challenges in mass production, hinder its application. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel surface functionalization strategy of enzyme crosslinking via inkjet printing for reagentless enzyme-based biosensors. This method includes printing three functional layers onto a screen-printed electrode: the enzyme layer, crosslinking layer, and protective layer. Nanomaterials and substrates are preloaded together during our inkjet printing. Inkjet-printed electrodes feature a uniform enzyme deposition, ensuring high reproducibility and superior electrochemical performance compared to traditional drop-casted ones. The resultant biosensors display high sensitivity, as well as a broad linear response in the physiological range of the serum phosphate. This enzyme crosslinking method has the potential to extend into various enzyme-based biosensors through altering functional layer components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Haoran Niu
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfeng Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Peipei Jia
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen 518110, China; (D.Z.); (H.N.); (L.C.); (J.X.)
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4
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Ma J, Feng Y, Li L, Zhu L, He Q, Shi Z, Ke S, Ke Q, Zhao Q. Redox mediators stimulated chain elongation process in fluidized cathode electro-fermentation systems for caproate production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119286. [PMID: 37857216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), the secondary products of traditional anaerobic fermentation, can be produced via chain elongation (CE), a process often retarded due to the difficulty during interspecies electron transfer (IET). This study employed redox mediators, neutral red (NR), methyl viologen (MV), and methylene blue (MB) as electron shuttles to expedite the electro-fermentation for caproate production by improving IET. Results showed that MV increased the MCFAs production by promoting acetate to ethanol conversion, leading to the highest MCFAs selectivity of 68.73%. While NR was indicated to improve CE by encouraging H2 production, and the biocathode had the highest electrical activity due to the smallest internal resistance and largest capacitance increase of 96% than the control. A higher proportion of Sutterella, Prevotella, and Hydrogenophaga, linked with the H2 mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET) during CE process, was observed across redox mediators supplied groups compared to the control. The presence of mediators led to an elevated abundance of key enzymes for enhanced CE process and electron transfer. This study provided the perspective of the stimulated electron transfer for improved MCFAs production in electro-fermentation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yingxin Feng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiulai He
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhou Shi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shuizhou Ke
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiang Ke
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Quanbao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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Butkevicius M, Gaidukevic J, Gureviciene V, Razumiene J. Reduced Graphene Oxide/Organic Dye Composites for Bioelectroconversion of Saccharides: Application for Detection of Saccharides and α-Amylase Assessments. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1020. [PMID: 38131780 PMCID: PMC10741938 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) was immobilized onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified with organic dyes from three different classes (acridine, arylmethane, and diazo); namely, neutral red (NR), malachite green (MG), and congo red (CR) formed three types of biosensors. All three rGO/organic dye composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of three rGO/organic dye modifications employed in bioelectrocatalytic systems on changes in enzyme activity and substrate selectivity was investigated. The highest sensitivity of 39 µA/cm2 was obtained for 1 mM of glucose when a rGO_MG/PQQ-GDH biosensor was used. A significant improvement in the electrochemical response of biosensors was attributed to the higher amount of pyrrolic nitrogen groups on the surface of the rGO/organic dye composites. Modifications of rGO by NR and MG not only improved the surfaces for efficient direct electron transfer (DET) but also influenced the enzyme selectivity through proper binding and orientation of the enzyme. The accuracy of the biosensor's action was confirmed by the spectrophotometric analysis. Perspectives for using the proposed bioelectrocatalytic systems operating on DET principles for total or single monosaccharide and/or disaccharide determination/bioconversion systems or for diagnoses have been presented through examples of bioconversion of D-glucose, D-xylose, and maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Butkevicius
- Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Justina Gaidukevic
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Vidute Gureviciene
- Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Julija Razumiene
- Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (V.G.)
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6
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Ben Aoun S, Ibrahim SM. An engineered thermally tolerant apo-cytochrome scaffold for metal-less incorporation of heme derivative. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293972. [PMID: 37943746 PMCID: PMC10635480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c552 from Thermus thermophilus is one of the hot topics for creating smart biomaterials as it possesses remarkable stability, is tolerant to multiple mutations and has therefore been recently reported for a number of functionalizations upon substitution of the original prosthetic group with an artificial prosthetic group. However, all of the substitutions were driven by the coordination through the axial ligands followed by complete reconstitution with a metal-porphyrin complex. This limits the scope of the cytochrome c for incorporating a metal-less non-natural heme species that could improve the versatility of cytochrome c for a new generation of engineered cytochrome proteins for further enhancement in their functionalities such as biocatalysts. In this connection, a new variant of Cytochrome c (rC552 C14A) from Thermus thermophilus was reported, where an easy approach to remove the original prosthetic group was achieved, followed by the incorporation of a number of metal-PPIX derivatives that ultimately led to the formation of artificial c-type cytochromes through covalent bonding. The apo-cytochrome was found to be thermally tolerant and to possess a distinctive overall structure as that of the wild type, as was evident from the corresponding CD spectra, which ultimately encouraged reconstitution with a metal-less protoporphyrin derivative for better understanding the role of axial ligands in the reconstitution process. Successful reconstitution was achieved, resulting in a new type of Cytochrome b-type artificial protein without the metal in its active site, indicating the non-involvement of the axial ligand. In order to prove the non-involvement of the axial ligand, a subsequent double mutant (C14A/M69A) was constructed, replacing the methionine at 69 position with non-coordinating alanine residue. Accordingly, the apo-C14A/M69A was prepared and found to be extremely stable as the earlier mutants and the WT showed no signs of denaturation, even at the elevated temperature of 98°C. Subsequently, heme b was successfully incorporated into the apo-C14A/M69A, which demonstrated itself as a highly thermally tolerant protein scaffold for incorporating a metal-less artificial prosthetic group in the absence of the axial ligand. Further improvement in the reconstitution process is achieved by replacing the methionine at 69 position with phenyl alanine (C14A/M69F mutant), resulting in further stabilization of heme species, possibly through non-covalent π-interactions, as corroborated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ben Aoun
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Das A, Subrahmanian N, Gabilly ST, Andrianova EP, Zhulin IB, Motohashi K, Hamel PP. Two disulfide-reducing pathways are required for the maturation of plastid c-type cytochromes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad155. [PMID: 37595062 PMCID: PMC10550313 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In plastids, conversion of light energy into ATP relies on cytochrome f, a key electron carrier with a heme covalently attached to a CXXCH motif. Covalent heme attachment requires reduction of the disulfide-bonded CXXCH by CCS5 and CCS4. CCS5 receives electrons from the oxidoreductase CCDA, while CCS4 is a protein of unknown function. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, loss of CCS4 or CCS5 yields a partial cytochrome f assembly defect. Here, we report that the ccs4ccs5 double mutant displays a synthetic photosynthetic defect characterized by a complete loss of holocytochrome f assembly. This defect is chemically corrected by reducing agents, confirming the placement of CCS4 and CCS5 in a reducing pathway. CCS4-like proteins occur in the green lineage, and we show that HCF153, a distant ortholog from Arabidopsis thaliana, can substitute for Chlamydomonas CCS4. Dominant suppressor mutations mapping to the CCS4 gene were identified in photosynthetic revertants of the ccs4ccs5 mutants. The suppressor mutations yield changes in the stroma-facing domain of CCS4 that restore holocytochrome f assembly above the residual levels detected in ccs5. Because the CCDA protein accumulation is decreased specifically in the ccs4 mutant, we hypothesize the suppressor mutations enhance the supply of reducing power through CCDA in the absence of CCS5. We discuss the operation of a CCS5-dependent and a CCS5-independent pathway controlling the redox status of the heme-binding cysteines of apocytochrome f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nitya Subrahmanian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stéphane T Gabilly
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ekaterina P Andrianova
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Igor B Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Karigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Patrice Paul Hamel
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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8
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Zhang L, Laurent CVF, Schwaiger L, Wang L, Ma S, Ludwig R. Interdomain Linker of the Bioelecrocatalyst Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Governs the Electron Transfer. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8195-8205. [PMID: 37342832 PMCID: PMC10278072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct bioelectrocatalysis applied in biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioelectrosynthesis is based on an efficient electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes in the absence of redox mediators. Some oxidoreductases are capable of direct electron transfer (DET), while others achieve the enzyme to electrode electron transfer (ET) by employing an electron-transferring domain. Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is the most-studied multidomain bioelectrocatalyst and features a catalytic flavodehydrogenase domain and a mobile, electron-transferring cytochrome domain connected by a flexible linker. The ET to the physiological redox partner lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase or, ex vivo, electrodes depends on the flexibility of the electron transferring domain and its connecting linker, but the regulatory mechanism is little understood. Studying the linker sequences of currently characterized CDH classes we observed that the inner, mobile linker sequence is flanked by two outer linker regions that are in close contact with the adjacent domain. A function-based definition of the linker region in CDH is proposed and has been verified by rationally designed variants of Neurospora crassa CDH. The effect of linker length and its domain attachment on electron transfer rates has been determined by biochemical and electrochemical methods, while distances between the domains of CDH variants were computed. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of the interdomain linker on electron transfer by determining the minimum linker length, observing the effects of elongated linkers, and testing the covalent stabilization of a linker part to the flavodehydrogenase domain. The evolutionary guided, rational design of the interdomain linker provides a strategy to optimize electron transfer rates in multidomain enzymes and maximize their bioelectrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Christophe V. F.
P. Laurent
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
- Institute
of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department of Material Sciences
and Process Engineering, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Lorenz Schwaiger
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Lushan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72/N2, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Su Ma
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72/N2, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
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Xu Z, Zhou J. Molecular Insights of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Adsorption on Self-Assembled Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5880-5890. [PMID: 37053024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is capable of direct electron transfer (DET) on electrodes and is a promising redox enzyme for bioelectrochemical applications. Its unique two-domain structure makes the function of CDH adsorbed on the surface of the electrode deeply affected by the external environment, such as ion species, strength, pH, and surface charge density. To date, however, the exact mechanism of how the external environment tailors the structure and dynamics of CDH adsorbed on the electrode surface still remains poorly understood. Here, multiscale simulations were performed to look for insight into the effect of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the activation of CDH on oppositely charged self-assembled monolayer (NH2-SAM and COOH-SAM) surfaces with different surface charge densities (SCDs). Both Na+ and Ca2+ can promote CDH conformation switch from the open state to the closed state, while the promotion effect of Ca2+ is stronger than that of Na+ at the same conditions. However, the high ionic strength (IS) of Ca2+ renders the cytochrome (CYT) domain of CDH away from the NH2-SAM with low SCD. In contrast, whatever the IS, the NH2-SAM surface with high SCD can not only enhance the CYT-surface interaction but also achieve a closed-state conformation due to a similar role of Ca2+. Overall, this study gains molecular-level insights into the role of ion species and surface charge in modulating the structure and conformation of CDH on the SAM surface, thereby tailoring its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for. Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for. Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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10
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Shukla AK, Abidi SMS, Sharma C, Chand Saini T, Acharya A. Single-walled carbon nanotube conjugated cytochrome c as exogenous nano catalytic medicine to combat intracellular oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:238-252. [PMID: 36257485 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be one of the main causes of many diseases including cancer, type2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac ischemia, sepsis, muscular dystrophy, etc. Under in vitro conditions, Cytochrome C (Cyt C) maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and stimulates apoptosis, along with being a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. Hence, the medicinal importance of Cyt C as catalytic defense is immensely important in various mitochondrial disorders. Here, we have developed a nanomaterial via electrostatically conjugating oxidized single-wall carbon nanotube with Cyt C (Cyt C@cSWCNT) for the exogenous delivery of Cyt C. The chemical and morphological characterization of the developed Cyt C@cSWCNT was done using UV-vis, FTIR, XPS, powder XRD, TGA/DSC, TEM, etc. The developed Cyt C@cSWCNT exhibited bifunctional catalase and peroxidase activity with Km (∼ 642.7 μM and 351.6 μM) and Vmax (∼0.33 μM/s and 2.62 μM/s) values, respectively. Also, through this conjugation Cyt C was found to retain its catalytic activity even at 60 °C, excellent catalytic recyclability (at least up to 3 times), and wider pH activity (pH = 3 to 9). Cyt C@cSWCNT was found to promote intracellular ROS quenching and maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular membrane integrity via Na+/K+ ion homeostasis during the H2O2 stress. Overall the present strategy provides an alternative approach for the exogenous delivery of Cyt C which can be used as nano catalytic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Syed M S Abidi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Chandni Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Trilok Chand Saini
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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11
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Control of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase orientation by site-specific immobilization enables direct electrical contact between enzyme cofactor and solid surface. Commun Biol 2022; 5:390. [PMID: 35474238 PMCID: PMC9042819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the orientation of redox enzymes on electrode surfaces is essential in the development of direct electron transfer (DET)-based bioelectrocatalytic systems. The electron transfer (ET) distance varies according to the enzyme orientation when immobilized on an electrode surface, which influences the interfacial ET rate. We report control of the orientation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) as a model enzyme through the fusion of gold-binding peptide (gbp) at either the N- or the C-terminus, and at both termini to strengthen the binding interactions between the fusion enzyme and the gold surface. Key factors influenced by the gbp fusion site are described. Collectively, our data show that control of the CODH orientation on an electrode surface is achieved through the presence of dual tethering sites, which maintains the enzyme cofactor within a DET-available distance (<14 Å), thereby promoting DET at the enzyme-electrode interface.
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12
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Walker NL, Dick JE. Versatile potentiometric metabolite sensing without dioxygen interference. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 201:113888. [PMID: 35032843 PMCID: PMC8851596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The field of electrochemical biosensors has been dominated by amperometric and voltammetric sensors; however, these are limited greatly in their signal dependence on electrode size. Open circuit potentiometric sensors are emerging as an alternative due to their signal insensitivity to electrode size. Here, we present a second-generation biosensor that uses a modified chitosan hydrogel to entrap a dehydrogenase or other oxidoreductase enzyme of interest. The chitosan is modified with a desired electron mediator such that in the presence of the analyte, the enzyme will oxidize or reduce the mediator, thus altering the measured interfacial potential. Using the above design, we demonstrate a swift screening method for appropriate enzyme-mediator pairs based on open circuit potentiometry, as well as the efficacy of the biosensor design using two dehydrogenase enzymes (FADGDH and ADH) and peroxidase. Using 1,2-naphthoquinone as the mediator for FADGDH, dynamic ranges from 0.1 to 50 mM glucose are achieved. We additionally demonstrate the ease of fabrication and modification, a lifetime of ≥28 days, insensitivity to interferents, miniaturization to the microscale, and sensor efficacy in the presence of the enzyme's natural cofactor. These results forge a foundation for the generalized use of potentiometric biosensors for a wide variety of analytes within biologically-relevant systems where oxygen can be an interferent.
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13
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Jin H, Ye D, Shen L, Fu R, Tang Y, Jung JCY, Zhao H, Zhang J. Perspective for Single Atom Nanozymes Based Sensors: Advanced Materials, Sensing Mechanism, Selectivity Regulation, and Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1499-1509. [PMID: 35014271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a kind of nanomaterial mimicking enzyme catalytic activity, which has aroused extensive interest in the fields of biosensors, biomedicine, and climate and ecosystems management. However, due to the complexity of structures and composition of nanozymes, atomic scale active centers have been extensively investigated, which helps with in-depth understanding of the nature of the biocatalysis. Single atom nanozymes (SANs) cannot only significantly enhance the activity of nanozymes but also effectively improve the selectivity of nanozymes owing to the characteristics of simple and adjustable coordination environment and have been becoming the brightest star in the nanozyme spectrum. The SANs based sensors have also been widely investigated due to their definite structural features, which can be helpful to study the catalytic mechanism and provide ways to improve catalytic activity. This perspective presents a comprehensive understanding on the advances and challenges on SANs based sensors. The catalytic mechanisms of SANs and then the sensing application from the perspectives of sensing technology and sensor construction are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the major challenges, potential future research directions, and prospects for further research on SANs based sensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Daixin Ye
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lihua Shen
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ruixue Fu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ya Tang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Joey Chung-Yen Jung
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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14
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Schachinger F, Chang H, Scheiblbrandner S, Ludwig R. Amperometric Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Enzymes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154525. [PMID: 34361678 PMCID: PMC8348568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate determination of analyte concentrations with selective, fast, and robust methods is the key for process control, product analysis, environmental compliance, and medical applications. Enzyme-based biosensors meet these requirements to a high degree and can be operated with simple, cost efficient, and easy to use devices. This review focuses on enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to electrodes and also the electrode materials which can enable or enhance the DET type bioelectrocatalysis. It presents amperometric biosensors for the quantification of important medical, technical, and environmental analytes and it carves out the requirements for enzymes and electrode materials in DET-based third generation biosensors. This review critically surveys enzymes and biosensors for which DET has been reported. Single- or multi-cofactor enzymes featuring copper centers, hemes, FAD, FMN, or PQQ as prosthetic groups as well as fusion enzymes are presented. Nanomaterials, nanostructured electrodes, chemical surface modifications, and protein immobilization strategies are reviewed for their ability to support direct electrochemistry of enzymes. The combination of both biosensor elements-enzymes and electrodes-is evaluated by comparison of substrate specificity, current density, sensitivity, and the range of detection.
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15
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Biondi B, Cardena R, Bisello A, Schiesari R, Cerveson L, Facci M, Rancan M, Formaggio F, Santi S. Flat, Ferrocenyl‐Conjugated Peptides: A Combined Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laura Cerveson
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Martino Facci
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), CNR Via Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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16
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Quintero-Jaime AF, Conzuelo F, Cazorla-Amorós D, Morallón E. Pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase bioelectrodes based on one-step electrochemical entrapment over single-wall carbon nanotubes. Talanta 2021; 232:122386. [PMID: 34074388 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective direct electron transfer is considered an interesting platform to obtain high performance bioelectrodes. Therefore, designing of scalable and cost-effective immobilization routes that promotes correct direct electrical contacting between the electrode material and the redox enzyme is still required. As we present here, electrochemical entrapment of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) on single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-modified electrodes was carried out in a single step during electrooxidation of para-aminophenyl phosphonic acid (4-APPA) to obtain active bioelectrodes. The adequate interaction between SWCNTs and the enzyme can be achieved by making use of phosphorus groups introduced during the electrochemical co-deposition of films, improving the electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation. Two different procedures were investigated for electrode fabrication, namely the entrapment of reconstituted holoenzyme (PQQ-GDH) and the entrapment of apoenzyme (apo-GDH) followed by subsequent in situ reconstitution with the redox cofactor PQQ. In both cases, PQQ-GDH preserves its electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation. Moreover, in comparison with a conventional drop-casting method, an important enhancement in sensitivity was obtained for glucose oxidation (981.7 ± 3.5 nA mM-1) using substantially lower amounts of enzyme and cofactor (PQQ). The single step electrochemical entrapment in presence of 4-APPA provides a simple method for the fabrication of enzymatic bioelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Quintero-Jaime
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsst. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Diego Cazorla-Amorós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilia Morallón
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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17
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Walker NL, Dick JE. Oxidase-loaded hydrogels for versatile potentiometric metabolite sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:112997. [PMID: 33535157 PMCID: PMC7919600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of biological metabolites of interest necessitates sensors that are robust, versatile, miniaturizable, and reliable. Electrochemical biosensors have dominated the field of biosensors for decades due to their robust and inexpensive nature. Classically, these sensors use amperometric and voltammetric methods as the sensing modality. One of the greatest limitations with these methods is the dependence of the signal (current, i) on the electrode size, which can change with respect to time due to fouling. Here, we present open circuit potential, an electrochemical technique that is relatively insensitive to electrode size, as a reliable alternative to amperometric and voltammetric techniques for monitoring metabolites of interest. The sensor operates by trapping an oxidase enzyme in a chitosan hydrogel. The oxidase enzyme is required for metabolite specificity. When the oxidase enzyme meets its substrate, oxygen is consumed, and hydrogen peroxide is generated. Hydrogen peroxide generation dominates a half reaction at the platinum surface, resulting in a change in potential. Using the above criteria, we demonstrate the efficacy, long lifetime, sensitivity, and ease of fabrication of glucose sensors, and miniaturize the sensors from macro- to microelectrodes. Additionally, we demonstrate the ease with which this platform can be extended to detect other analytes in the form of a galactose sensor. Our results set a foundation for the generalized use of potentiometric sensors for a broad range of metabolites and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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18
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Huang S, Lu M, Wang L. Cytochrome c-multiwalled carbon nanotube and cobalt metal organic framework/gold nanoparticle immobilized electrochemical biosensor for nitrite detection. RSC Adv 2020; 11:501-509. [PMID: 35423011 PMCID: PMC8690941 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on cytochrome c-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cyt c-MWCNTs) and cobalt metal–organic frameworks/gold nanoparticles (Co-MOFs/AuNPs), an electrochemical biosensor was proposed for the detection of nitrite. Herein, Co-MOFs and AuNPs were immobilized on gold electrodes via surface layer assembly. Their advantages including large surface area and high conductivity provided an excellent platform for the immobilization of Cyt c-MWCNTs. Cyt c-MWCNTs were prepared via electrostatic adsorption and possessed good biocompatibility and superior electrocatalytic activity towards nitrite. Notably, MWCNTs and AuNPs could provide a good microenvironment for the electron transfer of Cyt c, which further significantly promoted the dispersion of MWCNTs. All of the above features led to outstanding electrochemical performance and achieved signal amplification for nitrite detection. Therefore, the biosensor displayed a linear range from 0.005 μmol L−1 to 1000 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.0044 μmol L−1 for nitrite detection. In addition, the designed biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity and could be applied in real samples. Based on cytochrome c-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cyt c-MWCNTs) and cobalt metal organic frameworks/gold nanoparticles (Co-MOFs/AuNPs), an electrochemical biosensor was proposed for the detection of nitrite.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental and Energy Photocatalysis, Changsha University Changsha 410022 China +86 731 84261506 +86 731 84261506
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University Huizhou 516007 China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China +86 717 6397505 +86 717 6397505
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19
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Ito K, Okuda-Shimazaki J, Kojima K, Mori K, Tsugawa W, Asano R, Ikebukuro K, Sode K. Strategic design and improvement of the internal electron transfer of heme b domain-fused glucose dehydrogenase for use in direct electron transfer-type glucose sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112911. [PMID: 33421758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A fusion enzyme composed of an Aspergillus flavus-derived flavin adenine dinucleotide glucose dehydrogenase (AfGDH) and an electron transfer domain of Phanerochaete chrysosporium-derived cellobiose dehydrogenase (Pcyb) was previously reported to show the direct electron transfer (DET) ability to an electrode. However, its slow intramolecular electron transfer (IET) rate from the FAD to the heme, limited the sensor signals. In this study, fusion FADGDH (Pcyb-AfGDH) enzymes were strategically redesigned by performing docking simulation, following surface-electrostatic potential estimation in the predicted area. Based on these predictions, we selected the amino acid substitution on Glu324, or on Asn408 to Lys to increase the positive charge at the rim of the interdomain region. Pcyb-AfGDH mutants were recombinantly produced using Pichia pastoris as the host microorganism, and their IET was evaluated. Spectroscopic observations showed that the Glu324Lys (E324K) and Asn408Lys (N408K) Pcyb-AfGDH mutants showed approximately 1.70- and 9.0-fold faster IET than that of wildtype Pcyb-AfGDH, respectively. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that the mutant Pcyb-AfGDH-immobilized electrodes showed higher DET current values than that of the wildtype Pcyb-AfGDH-immobilized electrodes at pH 6.5, which was approximately 9-fold higher in the E324K mutant and 15-fold higher in the N408K mutant, than in the wildtype. Glucose enzyme sensors employing N408K mutant was able to measure glucose concentration under physiological condition using artificial interstitial fluid at pH 7.4, whereas the one with wildtype Pcyb-AfGDH was not. These results indicated that the sensor employed the redesigned mutant Pcyb-AfGDH can be used for future continuous glucose monitoring system based on direct electron transfer principle. (247 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Junko Okuda-Shimazaki
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Kojima
- Ultizyme International Ltd., 3-9-5 2F, Taihei, Sumida, Tokyo, 130-0011, Japan
| | - Kazushige Mori
- Ultizyme International Ltd., 3-9-5 2F, Taihei, Sumida, Tokyo, 130-0011, Japan
| | - Wakako Tsugawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA.
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20
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Direct Electrochemical Enzyme Electron Transfer on Electrodes Modified by Self-Assembled Molecular Monolayers. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) have long been recognized as crucial “bridges” between redox enzymes and solid electrode surfaces, on which the enzymes undergo direct electron transfer (DET)—for example, in enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) and biosensors. SAMs possess a wide range of terminal groups that enable productive enzyme adsorption and fine-tuning in favorable orientations on the electrode. The tunneling distance and SAM chain length, and the contacting terminal SAM groups, are the most significant controlling factors in DET-type bioelectrocatalysis. In particular, SAM-modified nanostructured electrode materials have recently been extensively explored to improve the catalytic activity and stability of redox proteins immobilized on electrochemical surfaces. In this report, we present an overview of recent investigations of electrochemical enzyme DET processes on SAMs with a focus on single-crystal and nanoporous gold electrodes. Specifically, we consider the preparation and characterization methods of SAMs, as well as SAM applications in promoting interfacial electrochemical electron transfer of redox proteins and enzymes. The strategic selection of SAMs to accord with the properties of the core redox protein/enzymes is also highlighted.
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21
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Lienemann M. Molecular mechanisms of electron transfer employed by native proteins and biological-inorganic hybrid systems. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:206-213. [PMID: 33425252 PMCID: PMC7772364 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in enzymatic electrosynthesis of desired chemicals in biological-inorganic hybrid systems has generated interest because it can use renewable energy inputs and employs highly specific catalysts that are active at ambient conditions. However, the development of such innovative processes is currently limited by a deficient understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in electrode-based electron transfer and biocatalysis. Mechanistic studies of non-electrosynthetic electron transferring proteins have provided a fundamental understanding of the processes that take place during enzymatic electrosynthesis. Thus, they may help explain how redox proteins stringently control the reduction potential of the transferred electron and efficiently transfer it to a specific electron acceptor. The redox sites at which electron donor oxidation and electron acceptor reduction take place are typically located in distant regions of the redox protein complex and are electrically connected by an array of closely spaced cofactors. These groups function as electron relay centers and are shielded from the surrounding environment by the electrically insulating apoporotein. In this matrix, electrons travel via electron tunneling, i.e. hopping between neighboring cofactors, over impressive distances of upto several nanometers and, as in the case of the Shewanella oneidensis Mtr electron conduit, traverse the bacterial cell wall to extracellular electron acceptors such as solid ferrihydrite. Here, the biochemical strategies of protein-based electron transfer are presented in order to provide a basis for future studies on the basis of which a more comprehensive understanding of the structural biology of enzymatic electrosynthesis may be attained.
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22
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Nanocatalysts Containing Direct Electron Transfer-Capable Oxidoreductases: Recent Advances and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET)-capable oxidoreductases are enzymes that have the ability to transfer/receive electrons directly to/from solid surfaces or nanomaterials, bypassing the need for an additional electron mediator. More than 100 enzymes are known to be capable of working in DET conditions; however, to this day, DET-capable enzymes have been mainly used in designing biofuel cells and biosensors. The rapid advance in (semi) conductive nanomaterial development provided new possibilities to create enzyme-nanoparticle catalysts utilizing properties of DET-capable enzymes and demonstrating catalytic processes never observed before. Briefly, such nanocatalysts combine several cathodic and anodic catalysis performing oxidoreductases into a single nanoparticle surface. Hereby, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first review concerning such nanocatalytic systems involving DET-capable oxidoreductases. We outlook the contemporary applications of DET-capable enzymes, present a principle of operation of nanocatalysts based on DET-capable oxidoreductases, provide a review of state-of-the-art (nano) catalytic systems that have been demonstrated using DET-capable oxidoreductases, and highlight common strategies and challenges that are usually associated with those type catalytic systems. Finally, we end this paper with the concluding discussion, where we present future perspectives and possible research directions.
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23
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Takeda K, Igarashi K, Yoshida M, Nakamura N. Discovery of a novel quinohemoprotein from a eukaryote and its application in electrochemical devices. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 131:107372. [PMID: 31759220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase is one of the extensively studied sugar-oxidizing enzymes used as a biocatalyst for biosensors and biofuel cells. A novel pyranose dehydrogenase (CcPDH) derived from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea is the first discovered eukaryotic PQQ-dependent enzyme. This enzyme carries a b-type cytochrome domain that is homologous to the cytochrome domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH); thus, CcPDH is a quinohemoprotein. CcPDH catalyzes the oxidation of various aldose sugars and shows significant activity toward the reverse-chair conformation of pyranoses. Interdomain electron transfer occurs in CcPDH similar to CDH, from the PQQ cofactor in the catalytic domain to the heme b in the cytochrome domain. This enzyme is able to direct electrical communication with electrodes, without artificial electron mediators, thus allowing direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis. In this review, we briefly describe recent progress in research on the biochemical discovery of CcPDH and the development of (bio)electrochemical applications (an amperometric biosensor) based on DET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuhumi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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24
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Scheiblbrandner S, Ludwig R. Cellobiose dehydrogenase: Bioelectrochemical insights and applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 131:107345. [PMID: 31494387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a flavocytochrome with a history of bioelectrochemical research dating back to 1992. During the years, it has been shown to be capable of mediated electron transfer (MET) and direct electron transfer (DET) to a variety of electrodes. This versatility of CDH originates from the separation of the catalytic flavodehydrogenase domain and the electron transferring cytochrome domain. This uncoupling of the catalytic reaction from the electron transfer process allows the application of CDH on many different electrode materials and surfaces, where it shows robust DET. Recent X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering studies provided insights into the structure of CDH and its domain mobility, which can change between a closed-state and an open-state conformation. This structural information verifies the electron transfer mechanism of CDH that was initially established by bioelectrochemical methods. A combination of DET and MET experiments has been used to investigate the catalytic mechanism and the electron transfer process of CDH and to deduce a protein structure comprising of mobile domains. Even more, electrochemical methods have been used to study the redox potentials of the FAD and the haem b cofactors of CDH or the electron transfer rates. These electrochemical experiments, their results and the application of the characterised CDHs in biosensors, biofuel cells and biosupercapacitors are combined with biochemical and structural data to provide a thorough overview on CDH as versatile bioelectrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Ma S, Laurent CVFP, Meneghello M, Tuoriniemi J, Oostenbrink C, Gorton L, Bartlett PN, Ludwig R. Direct Electron-Transfer Anisotropy of a Site-Specifically Immobilized Cellobiose Dehydrogenase. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Meneghello
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jani Tuoriniemi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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