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Tran TT, Rabah J, Ha-Thi MH, Allard E, Nizinski S, Burdzinski G, Aloïse S, Fensterbank H, Baczko K, Nasrallah H, Vallée A, Clavier G, Miomandre F, Pino T, Méallet-Renault R. Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Energy Transfer Processes in a Flexible BODIPY-C 60 Dyad. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9396-9410. [PMID: 32897728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new donor-acceptor dyad composed of a BODIPY (4,4'-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) donor and a fullerene C60 acceptor has been synthesized and characterized. This derivative has been prepared using a clickable fullerene building block that bears an alkyne moiety and a maleimide unit. The post-functionalization of the maleimide group by a BODIPY thiol leads to a BODIPY-C60 dyad, leaving the alkyne moiety for further functional arrangement. On the basis of the combination of semi-empirical and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, spectroelectrochemical experiments, and steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, the photophysical properties of this new BODIPY-C60 dyad were thoroughly studied. By using semi-empirical calculations, the equilibrium of three conformations of the BODIPY-C60 dyad has been deduced, and their molecular orbital structures have been analyzed using DFT calculations. Two short fluorescence lifetimes were attributed to two extended conformers displaying variable donor-acceptor distances (17.5 and 20.0 Å). Additionally, the driving force for photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of BODIPY to the C60 moiety was calculated using redox potentials determined with electrochemical studies. Spectroelectrochemical measurements were also carried out to investigate the absorption profiles of radicals in the BODIPY-C60 dyad in order to assign the transient species in pump-probe experiments. Under selective photoexcitation of the BODIPY moiety, occurrences of both energy and electron transfers were demonstrated for the dyad by femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. Photoinduced electron transfer occurs in the folded conformer, while energy transfer is observed in extended conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Trang Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Faculty of Physics and Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Science, Thai Nguyen 24000, Vietnam
| | - Jad Rabah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Stanislaw Nizinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Fac Phys, Quantum Elect Lab, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Fac Phys, Quantum Elect Lab, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Stéphane Aloïse
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR-CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Fensterbank
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Krystyna Baczko
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Houssein Nasrallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Vallée
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- PPSM, UMR-CNRS 8531, ENS Paris Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- PPSM, UMR-CNRS 8531, ENS Paris Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Barendt TA, Myers WK, Cornes SP, Lebedeva MA, Porfyrakis K, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. The Green Box: An Electronically Versatile Perylene Diimide Macrocyclic Host for Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:349-364. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - William K. Myers
- Centre for Advanced ESR, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. Cornes
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Lebedeva
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Wu ZY, Yang SY. Synthesis, spectral and redox properties of closely spaced pyrrole-β-position-linked porphyrin-fullerene dyads. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Vela S, Bauroth S, Atienza C, Molina-Ontoria A, Guldi DM, Martín N. Determining the Attenuation Factor in Molecular Wires Featuring Covalent and Noncovalent Tectons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Carmen Atienza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; C/ Faraday 9, Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
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5
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Vela S, Bauroth S, Atienza C, Molina-Ontoria A, Guldi DM, Martín N. Determining the Attenuation Factor in Molecular Wires Featuring Covalent and Noncovalent Tectons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15076-15080. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Carmen Atienza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; C/ Faraday 9, Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
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6
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Fingerprinting Electronic Molecular Complexes in Liquid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19009. [PMID: 26743542 PMCID: PMC4705545 DOI: 10.1038/srep19009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the electronic framework of an organic molecule under practical conditions is essential if the molecules are to be wired in a realistic circuit. This demands a clear description of the molecular energy levels and dynamics as it adapts to the feedback from its evolving chemical environment and the surface topology. Here, we address this issue by monitoring in real-time the structural stability and intrinsic molecular resonance states of fullerene (C60)-based hybrid molecules in the presence of the solvent. Energetic levels of C60 hybrids are resolved by in situ scanning tunnelling spectroscopy with an energy resolution in the order of 0.1 eV at room-temperature. An ultra-thin organic spacer layer serves to limit contact metal-molecule energy overlap. The measured molecular conductance gap spread is statistically benchmarked against first principles electronic structure calculations and used to quantify the diversity in electronic species within a standard population of molecules. These findings provide important progress towards understanding conduction mechanisms at a single-molecular level and in serving as useful guidelines for rational design of robust nanoscale devices based on functional organic molecules.
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8
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González-Rodríguez D, Bottari G. Phthalocyanines, subphthalocyanines and porphyrins for energy and electron transfer applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance and complexity of energy and electron transfer reactions in biological and artificial light energy conversion systems have prompted the preparation and photophysical study of donor-acceptor (D-A) molecular models. This article aims to highlight the efforts of Portuguese and Spanish research groups on the design, synthesis and photophysical study of molecular and supramolecular donor-acceptor systems based on phthalocyanines, subphthalocyanines and porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Química Orgánica C-I, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Química Orgánica C-I, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Montellano López A, Mateo-Alonso A, Prato M. Materials chemistry of fullerene C60derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Eng MP, Shoaee S, Molina-Ontoria A, Gouloumis A, Martín N, Durrant JR. Impact of concentration self-quenching on the charge generation yield of fullerene based donor–bridge–acceptor compounds in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:3721-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Pinzón JR, Villalta-Cerdas A, Echegoyen L. Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, and Graphene for Molecular Electronics. UNIMOLECULAR AND SUPRAMOLECULAR ELECTRONICS I 2011; 312:127-74. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Bottari G, de la Torre G, Guldi DM, Torres T. Covalent and noncovalent phthalocyanine-carbon nanostructure systems: synthesis, photoinduced electron transfer, and application to molecular photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6768-816. [PMID: 20364812 DOI: 10.1021/cr900254z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Izquierdo M, Osuna SÃ, Filippone S, MartÃn-Domenech A, Solà M, MartÃn N. On the Regioselective Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Thiols to C60. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Jia HP, Liu SX, Sanguinet L, Levillain E, Decurtins S. Star-Shaped Tetrathiafulvalene-Fused Coronene with Large π-Extended Conjugation. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5727-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Peng Jia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Sanguinet
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Ingénierie Moléculaire d’Angers, Université d’Angers-UMR 6200 du CNRS, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Eric Levillain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Ingénierie Moléculaire d’Angers, Université d’Angers-UMR 6200 du CNRS, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Guldi DM, Illescas BM, Atienza CM, Wielopolski M, Martín N. Fullerene for organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1587-97. [PMID: 19587954 DOI: 10.1039/b900402p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review surveys and highlights the integration of different molecular wires-in combination with chromophores that exhibit (i) significant absorption cross section throughout the visible part of the solar spectrum and (ii) good electron donating power-into novel electron donor-acceptor conjugates. The focus is predominantly on charge transfer and charge transport features of the most promising systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Fiedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Wu J, Dupont N, Liu SX, Neels A, Hauser A, Decurtins S. Imidazole-Annulated Tetrathiafulvalenes Exhibiting pH-Tuneable Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Redox Properties. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:392-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Guégano X, Kanibolotsky AL, Blum C, Mertens SFL, Liu SX, Neels A, Hagemann H, Skabara PJ, Leutwyler S, Wandlowski T, Hauser A, Decurtins S. Pronounced electrochemical amphotericity of a fused donor-acceptor compound: a planar merge of TTF with a TCNQ-type bithienoquinoxaline. Chemistry 2009; 15:63-6. [PMID: 19053109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Guégano
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Santos J, Illescas BM, Wielopolski M, Silva AM, Tomé AC, Guldi DM, Martín N. Efficient electron transfer in β-substituted porphyrin-C60 dyads connected through a p-phenylenevinylene dimer. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Mono- and Bis(tetrathiafulvalene)-1,3,5-Triazines as Covalently Linked Donor-Acceptor Systems: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Investigations. Chemistry 2008; 15:380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Gómez R, Coya C, Segura JL. Synthesis of a π-extended TTF–perylenediimide donor–acceptor dyad. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Illescas BM, Santos J, Díaz MC, Martín N, Atienza CM, Guldi DM. Supramolecular Threaded Complexes from Fullerene–Crown Ether and π-Extended TTF Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Martín N, Sánchez L, Herranz MA, Illescas B, Guldi DM. Electronic communication in tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)/C60 systems: toward molecular solar energy conversion materials? Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:1015-24. [PMID: 17602676 DOI: 10.1021/ar700026t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The covalent connection of the electron acceptor C 60 to p-quinonoid pi-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (exTTFs) has allowed for the preparation of new photo- and electroactive conjugates able to act as artificial photosynthetic systems and active molecular materials in organic photovoltaics. The gain of aromaticity undergone by the pi-extended TTF unit in the oxidation process results in highly stabilized radical ion pairs, namely, C 60 (*-)/exTTF (*+). Lifetimes for such charge-separated states, ranging from a few nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, have been achieved by rationally modifying the nature of the chemical spacers. These long-lived radical pairs are called to play an important role for the conversion of sunlight into chemical or electrical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Winters MU, Kärnbratt J, Blades HE, Wilson CJ, Frampton MJ, Anderson HL, Albinsson B. Control of Electron Transfer in a Conjugated Porphyrin Dimer by Selective Excitation of Planar and Perpendicular Conformers. Chemistry 2007; 13:7385-94. [PMID: 17582819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A donor-acceptor system is presented in which the electron-transfer rates can be sensitively controlled by means of excitation wavelength and temperature. The electron donor is a butadiyne-linked zinc porphyrin dimer that is connected to a C(60) electron acceptor. The broad distribution of conformations allowed by the butadiyne linker makes it possible to selectively excite perpendicular or planar donor conformers and thereby prepare separate initial states with driving forces for electron transfer that differ by almost 0.2 eV. This, as well as significant differences in electronic coupling, leads to distinctly different rate constants for electron transfer, which in consequence can be controlled by changing excitation wavelength. By extending the system with a secondary donor (ferrocene), a second, long-range charge-separated state can be formed. This system has been used to test the influence of conformational heterogeneity on electron transfer mediated by the porphyrin dimer in the ground state. It was found that if the dimer is forced to a planar conformation by means of a bidentate ligand, the charge recombination rate increased by an order of magnitude relative to the unconstrained system. This illustrates how control of conformation of a molecular wire can affect its behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael U Winters
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Kemivägen 3, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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24
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Jia C, Liu SX, Tanner C, Leiggener C, Neels A, Sanguinet L, Levillain E, Leutwyler S, Hauser A, Decurtins S. An Experimental and Computational Study on Intramolecular Charge Transfer: A Tetrathiafulvalene-Fused Dipyridophenazine Molecule. Chemistry 2007; 13:3804-12. [PMID: 17266158 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To study the electronic interactions in donor-acceptor (D-A) ensembles, D and A fragments are coupled in a single molecule. Specifically, a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-fused dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) compound having inherent redox centers has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Its electronic absorption, fluorescence emission, photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer, and electrochemical behavior have been investigated. The observed electronic properties are explained on the basis of density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jia
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Priego EM, Sánchez L, Angeles Herranz M, Martín N, Viruela R, Ortí E. Synthesis and radical coupling of pyridine-bridged π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-type donors and push–pull analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1201-9. [PMID: 17406718 DOI: 10.1039/b701806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of pi-extended TTF analogues (3a-c) and D-pi-A chromophores (5a-c), in which the electroactive units (1,3-dithiole rings and 2,2-dicyanovinyl groups) are connected through a pyridine bridge with a meta substitution pattern, is reported. The redox behavior of these compounds has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations performed at the B3P86/6-31G** level. Unlike many pi-extended TTF derivatives, the 1,3-dithiole rings in compounds 3a-c do not behave independently and two oxidation processes are observed with an anodic separation ranging from 50 to 150 mV. Calculations show that electrons are equally extracted from both dithiole rings. A biradical structure is predicted for the dication state due to the near-degeneracy of the HOMO and HOMO - 1 orbitals. The presence of both donor (D) and acceptor (A) fragments in conjugates results in irreversible oxidation and reduction processes associated with the 1,3-dithiole ring and with the 2,2-dicyanovinyl moiety, respectively. An electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical (ECE) process takes place for all the compounds reported. The chemical process implies the dimerization of the radical cation for compounds 5 and the oligomerization of the biradical dication for compounds 3. The ECE process therefore generates new neutral dimeric (5) or oligomeric (3) species that incorporate the TTF vinylogue core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Priego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Sierra M, Herranz MA, Zhang S, Sanchez L, Martín N, Echegoyen L. Self-assembly of C(60) pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) dyads on gold surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:10619-24. [PMID: 17129038 DOI: 10.1021/la061142v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The first self-assembly of a C60 pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) dyad on a gold surface is reported. Four fullerene derivatives, two of them containing p-quinonoid pi-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (exTTFs), have been synthesized, and their solution electrochemistry has been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Fullerene-containing SAMs of thioctic acid derivatives 3 and 6 have also been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms of both compounds exhibit three reversible reduction waves, and for compound 6, one irreversible oxidation process corresponding to the oxidation of the exTTF subunit is observed. Stable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of fullerene derivative 3 were formed on gold surfaces, whereas dyad 6 does not present a very clear electrochemical response, most probably as a result of structural rearrangements on the monolayer or charge transfer between the C60 and exTTF moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez L, Sierra M, Martín N, Myles AJ, Dale TJ, Rebek J, Seitz W, Guldi DM. Exceptionally Strong Electronic Communication through Hydrogen Bonds in Porphyrin–C60 Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:4637-41. [PMID: 16791901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez L, Sierra M, Martín N, Myles AJ, Dale TJ, Rebek J, Seitz W, Guldi DM. Exceptionally Strong Electronic Communication through Hydrogen Bonds in Porphyrin–C60 Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this focus article is to emphasize those aspects of fullerene chemistry which currently represent important challenges for the development and future applications of these new carbon allotropes, as well as to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the fullerenes Nobel Prize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Guldi DM, Rahman GMA, Sgobba V, Ehli C. Multifunctional molecular carbon materials--from fullerenes to carbon nanotubes. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:471-87. [PMID: 16636729 DOI: 10.1039/b511541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This critical review covers the timely topic of carbon nanostructures-fullerenes and carbon nanotubes-in combination with metalloporphyrins as integrative components for electron-donor-acceptor ensembles. These ensembles are typically probed in condensed media and at semi-transparent electrode surfaces. In particular, we will present a comprehensive survey of a variety of covalent (i.e., nanoconjugates) and non-covalent linkages (i.e., nanohybrids) to demonstrate how to govern/fine-tune the electronic interactions in the resulting electron-donor-acceptor ensembles. In the context of covalent bridges, different spacers will be discussed, which range from pure "insulators" (i.e., amide bonds, etc.) to sophisticated "molecular wires" (i.e., p-phenylenevinylene units, etc.). Furthermore, we will elucidate the fundamental impact that these vastly different spacers may exert on the rate, efficiency, and mechanism of short- and long-range electron transfer reactions. Additionally, a series of non-covalent motifs will be described: hydrogen bonding, complementary electrostatics, pi-pi stacking and metal coordination-to name a few. These motifs have been successfully employed by us and our collaborators en route towards novel architectures (i.e., linear structures, tubular structures, rotaxanes, catenanes, etc.) that exhibit unique and remarkable charge transfer features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Universität Erlangen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Camaioni N, Fabbrini G, Menna E, Maggini M, Ridolfi G, Zanelli A. Synthesis and photoresponse of a fullerene–bis(styryl)benzene dyad. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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