1
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Isak D, Schwartz LA, Schulthoff S, Pérez-Moreno G, Bosch-Navarrete C, González-Pacanowska D, Fürstner A. Collective and Diverted Total Synthesis of the Strasseriolides: A Family of Macrolides Endowed with Potent Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408725. [PMID: 38864359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The strasseriolide macrolides show promising in vitro and in vivo activities against P. falciparum and T. cruzi, the parasites causing malaria and Chagas disease, respectively. However, the as yet poor understanding of structure/activity relationships and the fact that one family member proved systemically toxic for unknown reasons render a more detailed assessment of these potential lead compounds difficult. To help overcome these issues, a collective total synthesis was devised. The key steps consisted of a ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) reaction to forge a common macrocyclic intermediate followed by a hydroxy-directed ruthenium catalyzed trans-hydrostannation of the propargyl alcohol site thus formed. The resulting alkenyltin derivative served as the central node of the synthesis blueprint, which could be elaborated into the natural products themselves as well as into a set of non-natural analogues according to the concept of diverted total synthesis. The recorded biological data confirmed the potency of the compounds and showed the lack of any noticeable cytotoxicity. The "northern" allylic alcohol subunit was recognized as an integral part of the pharmacophore, yet it provides opportunities for chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Isak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Leyah A Schwartz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Saskia Schulthoff
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Guiomar Pérez-Moreno
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Bosch-Navarrete
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Rütter D, van Gastel M, Leutzsch M, Nöthling N, SantaLucia D, Neese F, Fürstner A. Molybdenum(VI) Nitrido Complexes with Tripodal Silanolate Ligands. Structure and Electronic Character of an Unsymmetrical Dimolybdenum μ-Nitrido Complex Formed by Incomplete Nitrogen Atom Transfer. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8376-8389. [PMID: 38663089 PMCID: PMC11080062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to a tungsten nitrido complex endowed with a tripodal silanolate ligand framework, which was reported in the literature to be a dimeric species with a metallacyclic core, the corresponding molybdenum nitrides 3 are monomeric entities comprising a regular terminal nitride unit, as proven by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Their electronic character is largely determined by the constraints imposed on the metal center by the podand ligand architecture. 95Mo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and, to a lesser extent, 14N NMR spectroscopy allow these effects to be studied, which become particularly apparent upon comparison with the spectral data of related molybdenum nitrides comprising unrestrained silanolate, alkoxide, or amide ligands. Attempted nitrogen atom transfer from these novel terminal nitrides to [(tBuArN)3Mo] (Ar = 3,5-dimethylphenyl) as the potential acceptor stopped at the stage of unsymmetric dimolybdenum μ-nitrido complex 13a as the first intermediate along the reaction pathway. SC-XRD, NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as well as magnetometry in combination with density functional theory allowed a clear picture of the geometric and electronic structure of this mixed-valent species to be drawn. 13a is formally best described as an adduct of the type [(Mo[O])+III-(μN)-III-(Mo[N])+VI], S = 1/2 complex with (Mo[O])+III in the low-spin configuration, whereas related complexes such as [(AdS)3Mo-(μN)-Mo(NtBuAr)3] (19; Ad = 1-adamantyl) have previously been regarded in the literature as mixed-valent Mo+IV/Mo+V species. The spin population at the two Mo centers is uneven and notably larger at the more reduced Mo[O] atom, whereas the only spin present at the (μN) bridge is derived from spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rütter
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel SantaLucia
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Vepřek NA, Cooper MH, Laprell L, Yang EJN, Folkerts S, Bao R, Boczkowska M, Palmer NJ, Dominguez R, Oertner TG, Pon LA, Zuchero JB, Trauner DH. Optical Control of G-Actin with a Photoswitchable Latrunculin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8895-8903. [PMID: 38511265 PMCID: PMC11302737 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells and is a key component of the cytoskeleton. A range of small molecules has emerged that interfere with actin dynamics by either binding to polymeric F-actin or monomeric G-actin to stabilize or destabilize filaments or prevent their formation and growth, respectively. Among these, the latrunculins, which bind to G-actin and affect polymerization, are widely used as tools to investigate actin-dependent cellular processes. Here, we report a photoswitchable version of latrunculin, termed opto-latrunculin (OptoLat), which binds to G-actin in a light-dependent fashion and affords optical control over actin polymerization. OptoLat can be activated with 390-490 nm pulsed light and rapidly relaxes to its inactive form in the dark. Light activated OptoLat induced depolymerization of F-actin networks in oligodendrocytes and budding yeast, as shown by fluorescence microscopy. Subcellular control of actin dynamics in human cancer cell lines was demonstrated via live cell imaging. Light-activated OptoLat also reduced microglia surveillance in organotypic mouse brain slices while ramification was not affected. Incubation in the dark did not alter the structural and functional integrity of the microglia. Together, our data demonstrate that OptoLat is a useful tool for the elucidation of G-actin dependent dynamic processes in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Madeline H. Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura Laprell
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emily Jie-Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sander Folkerts
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ruiyang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas G. Oertner
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liza A. Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dirk H. Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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4
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Kyheröinen S, Prajapati B, Sokolova M, Schmitz M, Viita T, Geyer M, Vartiainen MK. Actin associates with actively elongating genes and binds directly to the Cdk9 subunit of P-TEFb. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105698. [PMID: 38301887 PMCID: PMC10891344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin has been demonstrated to be essential for optimal transcription, but the molecular mechanisms and direct binding partner for actin in the RNA polymerase complex have remained unknown. By using purified proteins in a variety of biochemical assays, we demonstrate a direct and specific interaction between monomeric actin and Cdk9, the kinase subunit of the positive transcription elongation factor b required for RNA polymerase II pause-release. This interaction efficiently prevents actin polymerization, is not dependent on kinase activity of Cdk9, and is not involved with releasing positive transcription elongation factor b from its inhibitor 7SK snRNP complex. Supporting the specific role for actin in the elongation phase of transcription, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) reveals that actin interacts with genes only upon their active transcription elongation. This study therefore provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which actin facilitates the transcription process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Kyheröinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bina Prajapati
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Sokolova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Viita
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Korber JN, Wille C, Leutzsch M, Fürstner A. From the Glovebox to the Benchtop: Air-Stable High Performance Molybdenum Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26993-27009. [PMID: 38032858 PMCID: PMC10722517 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum alkylidynes endowed with tripodal silanolate ligands belong to the most active and selective catalysts for alkyne metathesis known to date. This paper describes a new generation that is distinguished by an unprecedented level of stability and practicality without sacrificing the chemical virtues of their predecessors. Specifically, pyridine adducts of type 16 are easy to make on gram scale, can be routinely weighed and handled in air, and stay intact for many months outside the glovebox. When dissolved in toluene, however, spontaneous dissociation of the stabilizing pyridine ligand releases an active species of excellent performance and functional group tolerance. Specifically, a host of polar and apolar groups, various protic sites, and numerous basic functionalities proved compatible. The catalysts are characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic means, including 95Mo NMR; their activity and stability are benchmarked in detail, and the enabling properties are illustrated by advanced applications to natural product synthesis. For the favorable overall application profile and ease of handling, complexes of this new series are expected to replace earlier catalyst generations and help encourage a more regular use of alkyne metathesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nepomuk Korber
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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6
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Vepřek NA, Cooper MH, Laprell L, Yang EJN, Folkerts S, Bao R, Oertner TG, Pon LA, Zuchero JB, Trauner DH. Optical Control of G-Actin with a Photoswitchable Latrunculin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549222. [PMID: 37502978 PMCID: PMC10370057 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells and a key component of the cytoskeleton. A range of small molecules have emerged that interfere with actin dynamics by either binding to polymeric F-actin or monomeric G-actin to stabilize or destabilize filaments or prevent their formation and growth, respectively. Amongst these, the latrunculins, which bind to G-actin and affect polymerization, are widely used as tools to investigate actin-dependent cellular processes. Here, we report a photoswitchable version of latrunculin, termed opto-latrunculin (OptoLat), which binds to G-actin in a light-dependent fashion and affords optical control over actin polymerization. OptoLat can be activated with 390 - 490 nm pulsed light and rapidly relaxes to the inactive form in the dark. Light activated OptoLat induced depolymerization of F-actin networks in oligodendrocytes and budding yeast, as shown by fluorescence microscopy. Subcellular control of actin dynamics in human cancer cell lines was demonstrated by live cell imaging. Light-activated OptoLat also reduced microglia surveillance in organotypic mouse brain slices while ramification was not affected. Incubation in the dark did not alter the structural and functional integrity of microglia. Together, our data demonstrate that OptoLat is a useful tool for the elucidation of G-actin dependent dynamic processes in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke A Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Madeline H Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura Laprell
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emily Jie-Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sander Folkerts
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ruiyang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Thomas G Oertner
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liza A Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dirk H Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Bayati A, Banks E, Han C, Luo W, Reintsch WE, Zorca CE, Shlaifer I, Del Cid Pellitero E, Vanderperre B, McBride HM, Fon EA, Durcan TM, McPherson PS. Rapid macropinocytic transfer of α-synuclein to lysosomes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111102. [PMID: 35858558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system spread of alpha-synuclein fibrils is thought to cause Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies; however, the mechanisms underlying internalization and cellular spread are enigmatic. Here, we use confocal and superresolution microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and electron microscopy (EM) of immunogold-labeled α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) to demonstrate that this form of the protein undergoes rapid internalization and is targeted directly to lysosomes in as little as 2 min. Uptake of PFFs is disrupted by macropinocytic inhibitors and circumvents classical endosomal pathways. Immunogold-labeled PFFs are seen at the highly curved inward edge of membrane ruffles, in newly formed macropinosomes, in multivesicular bodies and in lysosomes. While most fibrils remain in lysosomes, a portion is transferred to neighboring naive cells along with markers of exosomes. These data indicate that PFFs use a unique internalization mechanism as a component of cell-to-cell propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Bayati
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chanshuai Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang E Reintsch
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Esther Del Cid Pellitero
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Benoit Vanderperre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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8
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In Silico Evaluation of Antifungal Compounds from Marine Sponges against COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030215. [PMID: 35323514 PMCID: PMC8950821 DOI: 10.3390/md20030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is already facing the devastating effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A disseminated mucormycosis epidemic emerged to worsen this situation, causing havoc, especially in India. This research aimed to perform a multitargeted docking study of marine-sponge-origin bioactive compounds against mucormycosis. Information on proven drug targets and marine sponge compounds was obtained via a literature search. A total of seven different targets were selected. Thirty-five compounds were chosen using the PASS online program. For homology modeling and molecular docking, FASTA sequences and 3D structures for protein targets were retrieved from NCBI and PDB databases. Autodock Vina in PyRx 0.8 was used for docking studies. Further, molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the IMODS server for top-ranked docked complexes. Moreover, the drug-like properties and toxicity analyses were performed using Lipinski parameters in Swiss-ADME, OSIRIS, ProTox-II, pkCSM, and StopTox servers. The results indicated that naamine D, latrunculin A and S, (+)-curcudiol, (+)-curcuphenol, aurantoside I, and hyrtimomine A had the highest binding affinity values of −8.8, −8.6, −9.8, −11.4, −8.0, −11.4, and −9.0 kcal/mol, respectively. In sum, all MNPs included in this study are good candidates against mucormycosis. (+)-curcudiol and (+)-curcuphenol are promising compounds due to their broad-spectrum target inhibition potential.
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9
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Balas L, Dey SK, Béraud-Dufour S, Riechers DE, Landau OA, Bertrand-Michel J, Durand T, Blondeau N. Linotrins: Omega-3 oxylipins featuring an E,Z,E conjugated triene motif are present in the plant kingdom and alleviate inflammation in LPS-challenged microglial cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Späth G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Mycinamicin IV as Integral Part of a Collective Approach to Macrolide Antibiotics. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104400. [PMID: 34910333 PMCID: PMC9305142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the 16‐membered macrolide mycinamicin IV is outlined, which complements our previously disclosed, largely catalysis‐based route to the aglycone. This work must also be seen in the context of our recent conquest of aldgamycin N, a related antibiotic featuring a similar core but a distinctly different functionalization pattern. Taken together, these projects prove that the underlying blueprint is integrative and hence qualifies for a collective approach to this prominent class of natural products. In both cases, the final glycosylation phase mandated close attention and was accomplished only after robust de novo syntheses of the (di)deoxy sugars of the desosamine, chalcose, mycinose and aldgarose types had been established. Systematic screening of the glycosidation promoter was also critically important for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Späth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, GERMANY
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, GERMANY
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11
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Abstract
![]()
For numerous enabling features and strategic virtues, contemporary
alkyne metathesis is increasingly recognized as a formidable synthetic
tool. Central to this development was the remarkable evolution of
the catalysts during the past decades. Molybdenum alkylidynes carrying
(tripodal) silanolate ligands currently set the standards; their functional
group compatibility is exceptional, even though they comprise an early
transition metal in its highest oxidation state. Their performance
is manifested in case studies in the realm of dynamic covalent chemistry,
advanced applications to solid-phase synthesis, a revival of transannular
reactions, and the assembly of complex target molecules at sites,
which one may not intuitively trace back to an acetylenic ancestor.
In parallel with these innovations in material science and organic
synthesis, new insights into the mode of action of the most advanced
catalysts were gained by computational means and the use of unconventional
analytical tools such as 95Mo and 183W NMR spectroscopy.
The remaining shortcomings, gaps, and desiderata in the field are
also critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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12
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Löffler LE, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5316-5322. [PMID: 33289954 PMCID: PMC7986786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the more than 100 casbane diterpenes known to date, only the eponymous parent hydrocarbon casbene itself has ever been targeted by chemical synthesis. Outlined herein is a conceptually new approach that brings not a single but a variety of casbane derivatives into reach, especially the more highly oxygenated and arguably more relevant members of this family. The key design elements are a catalyst-controlled intramolecular cyclopropanation with or without subsequent equilibration, chain extension of the resulting stereoisomeric cyclopropane building blocks by chemoselective hydroboration/cross-coupling, and the efficient closure of the strained macrobicyclic framework by ring-closing alkyne metathesis. A hydroxy-directed catalytic trans-hydrostannation allows for late-stage diversity. These virtues are manifested in the concise total syntheses of depressin, yuexiandajisu A, and ent-pekinenin C. The last compound turned out to be identical to euphorhylonal A, the structure of which had clearly been misassigned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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13
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Fürstner A. Iron Catalyzed C–C-Bond Formation: From Canonical Cross Coupling to a Quest for New Reactivity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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14
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Marine Heterocyclic Compounds That Modulate Intracellular Calcium Signals: Chemistry and Synthesis Approaches. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020078. [PMID: 33572583 PMCID: PMC7911796 DOI: 10.3390/md19020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ plays a pivotal role in the control of a large series of cell functions in all types of cells, from neurotransmitter release and muscle contraction to gene expression, cell proliferation and cell death. Ca2+ is transported through specific channels and transporters in the plasma membrane and subcellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Therefore, dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis may lead to cell dysfunction and disease. Accordingly, chemical compounds from natural origin and/or synthesis targeting directly or indirectly these channels and proteins may be of interest for the treatment of cell dysfunction and disease. In this review, we show an overview of a group of marine drugs that, from the structural point of view, contain one or various heterocyclic units in their core structure, and from the biological side, they have a direct influence on the transport of calcium in the cell. The marine compounds covered in this review are divided into three groups, which correspond with their direct biological activity, such as compounds with a direct influence in the calcium channel, compounds with a direct effect on the cytoskeleton and drugs with an effect on cancer cell proliferation. For each target, we describe its bioactive properties and synthetic approaches. The wide variety of chemical structures compiled in this review and their significant medical properties may attract the attention of many different researchers.
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15
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Löffler LE, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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16
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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17
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Hubert P, Seibel E, Beemelmanns C, Campagne J, Figueiredo RM. Stereoselective Construction of (
E,Z
)‐1,3‐Dienes and Its Application in Natural Product Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hubert
- ICGM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Elena Seibel
- Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
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18
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Ehrhorn H, Tamm M. Well-Defined Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Developments and Recent Applications. Chemistry 2018; 25:3190-3208. [PMID: 30346054 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although alkyne metathesis has been known for 50 years, rapid progress in this field has mostly occurred during the last two decades. In this article, the development of several highly efficient and thoroughly studied alkyne metathesis catalysts is reviewed, which includes novel well-defined, in situ formed and heterogeneous systems. Various alkyne metathesis methodologies, including alkyne cross-metathesis (ACM), ring-closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM), cyclooligomerization, acyclic diyne metathesis polymerization (ADIMET), and ring-opening alkyne metathesis polymerization (ROAMP), are presented, and their application in natural product synthesis, materials science as well as supramolecular and polymer chemistry is discussed. Recent progress in the metathesis of diynes is also summarized, which gave rise to new methods such as ring-closing diyne metathesis (RCDM) and diyne cross-metathesis (DYCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Ehrhorn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Zhuo CX, Fürstner A. Catalysis-Based Total Syntheses of Pateamine A and DMDA-Pat A. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10514-10523. [PMID: 30056701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The marine natural product pateamine A (1) and its somewhat simplified designer analogue DMDA-Pat A (2) (DMDA = desmethyl-desamino) are potently cytotoxic compounds; most notably, 2 had previously been found to exhibit a promising differential in vivo activity in xenograft melanoma models, even though the ubiquitous eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) constitutes its primary biological target. In addition, 1 had also been identified as a possible lead in the quest for medication against cachexia, an often lethal muscle wasting syndrome affecting many immunocompromised or cancer patients. The short supply of these macrodiolides, however, rendered a more detailed biological assessment difficult. Therefore, a new synthetic approach to 1 and 2 has been devised, which centers on an unorthodox strategy for the formation of the highly isomerization-prone but essential Z, E-configured dienoate substructure embedded into the macrocyclic core. This motif was encoded in the form of a 2-pyrone ring and unveiled only immediately before macrocyclization by an unconventional iron-catalyzed ring opening/cross-coupling reaction, in which the enol ester entity of the pyrone gains the role of a leaving group. Since the required precursor was readily available by gold catalysis, this strategy rendered the overall sequence short, robust, and scalable. A surprisingly easy protecting group management together with a much improved end game for the formation of the trienyl side chain via a modern Stille coupling protocol also helped to make the chosen route practical. Change of a single building block allowed the synthesis to be redirected from the natural lead compound 1 toward its almost equipotent analogue 2. Isolation and reactivity profiling of pyrone tricarbonyliron complexes provide mechanistic information as well as insights into the likely origins of the observed chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr , Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr , Germany
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20
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Przeslak AD, Inman M, Lewis W, Moody CJ. Origin of the Thiopyrone CTP-431 "Unexpectedly" Isolated from the Marine Sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10595-10601. [PMID: 30044092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing hypothesis that latrunculin A, a well-known natural product, might have undergone transformation into the unprecedented thiopyrone CTP-431 upon long-term storage in methanol is advanced. Thus, opening of the hemiacetal of latrunculin A, followed by E1CB elimination, and dehydration would give a polyene that could undergo intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, followed by methanolysis of the thiazolidinone ring and ring closure by intramolecular thiol addition to an enone. Experimental evidence that the novel thiazolidinone to thiopyrone rearrangement can occur is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Przeslak
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Inman
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Moody
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
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21
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals: In Pursuit of Sustainability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11116-11128. [PMID: 29460380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of precious metals has led to the development of sustainable strategies for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The establishment of new catalytic methods using iron is attractive owing to the low cost, abundance, ready availability, and very low toxicity of iron. In the last few years, sustainable methods for iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have entered the critical area of pharmaceutical research. Most notably, iron is one of the very few metals that have been successfully field-tested as highly effective base-metal catalysts in practical, kilogram-scale industrial cross-couplings. In this Minireview, we critically discuss the strategic benefits of using iron catalysts as green and sustainable alternatives to precious metals in cross-coupling applications for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The Minireview provides an essential introduction to the fundamental aspects of practical iron catalysis, highlights areas for improvement, and identifies new fields to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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22
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Eisenkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen in der Synthese von Pharmazeutika: Streben nach Nachhaltigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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23
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Unzue A, Cribiú R, Hoffman MM, Knehans T, Lafleur K, Caflisch A, Nevado C. Iriomoteolides: novel chemical tools to study actin dynamics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3793-3802. [PMID: 29780512 PMCID: PMC5939837 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its promising biological profile, the cellular targets of iriomoteolide-3a, a novel 15-membered macrolide isolated from Amphidinium sp., have remained unknown. A small library of non-natural iriomoteolide-3a analogues is presented here as a result of a novel, highly convergent, catalysis-based scaffold-diversification campaign, which revealed the suitable sites for chemical editing in the original core. We provide compelling experimental evidence for actin as one of iriomoteolides' primary cellular targets, establishing the ability of these secondary metabolites to inhibit cell migration, induce severe morphological changes in cells and cause a reversible cytoplasmic retraction and reduction of F-actin fibers in a time and dose dependent manner. These results are interpreted in light of the ability of iriomoteolides to stabilize F-actin filaments. Molecular dynamics simulations provide evidence for iriomoteolide-3a binding to the barbed end of G-actin. These results showcase iriomoteolides as novel and easily tunable chemical probes for the in vitro study of actin dynamics in the context of cell motility processes including cell invasion and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Unzue
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - R Cribiú
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - M M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - T Knehans
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - K Lafleur
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - A Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - C Nevado
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
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24
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Baumruck AC, Tietze D, Steinacker LK, Tietze AA. Chemical synthesis of membrane proteins: a model study on the influenza virus B proton channel. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2365-2375. [PMID: 29719709 PMCID: PMC5897842 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NCL results in the quantitative yield of a membrane protein, where a thioester peptide is formed from an oxo-ester with an in situ cleavable solubilizing tag.
In the present study we have developed and optimized a robust strategy for the synthesis of highly hydrophobic peptides, especially membrane proteins, exemplarily using the influenza B M2 proton channel (BM2(1–51)). This strategy is based on the native chemical ligation of two fragments, where the thioester fragment is formed from an oxo-ester peptide, which is synthesized using Fmoc-SPPS, and features an in situ cleavable solubilizing tag (ADO, ADO2 or ADO-Lys5). The nearly quantitative production of the ligation product was followed by an optimized work up protocol, resulting in almost quantitative desulfurization and Acm-group cleavage. Circular dichroism analysis in a POPC lipid membrane revealed that the synthetic BM2(1–51) construct adopts a helical structure similar to that of the previously characterized BM2(1–33).
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Baumruck
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Alarich-Weiss Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - D Tietze
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Eduard-Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - L K Steinacker
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Alarich-Weiss Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
| | - A A Tietze
- Darmstadt University of Technology , Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Alarich-Weiss Str. 4 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany .
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25
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Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed C-O Bond Activation: Opportunity for Sustainable Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3964-3981. [PMID: 28840648 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as some of the most valuable cross-coupling partners in organic synthesis due to several major strategic and environmental benefits, such as abundance and potential to avoid toxic halide waste. In this context, iron-catalyzed C-O activation/cross-coupling holds particular promise to achieve sustainable catalytic protocols due to its natural abundance, inherent low toxicity, and excellent economic and ecological profile. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of new methods for functional-group-tolerant iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions by selective C-O cleavage. These methods establish highly attractive alternatives to traditional cross-coupling reactions by using halides as electrophilic partners. In particular, new easily accessible oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as substrates in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which significantly broaden the scope of this catalysis platform. New mechanistic manifolds involving iron catalysis have been established; thus opening up vistas for the development of a wide range of unprecedented reactions. The synthetic potential of this sustainable mode of reactivity has been highlighted by the development of new strategies in the construction of complex motifs, including in target synthesis. The most recent advances in sustainable iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of C-O-based electrophiles are reviewed, with a focus on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic utility. It should be noted that this catalytic manifold provides access to motifs that are often not easily available by other methods, such as the assembly of stereodefined dienes or C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-couplings, thus emphasizing the synthetic importance of this mode of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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26
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Yu S, Cho E, Kim J, Lee S. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids and Alkenyl Tosylates for the Synthesis of Enynones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11150-11156. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subeen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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27
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Bittner C, Ehrhorn H, Bockfeld D, Brandhorst K, Tamm M. Tuning the Catalytic Alkyne Metathesis Activity of Molybdenum and Tungsten 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzylidyne Complexes with Fluoroalkoxide Ligands OC(CF3)nMe3–n (n = 0–3). Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bittner
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henrike Ehrhorn
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Brandhorst
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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Bebbington MWP. Natural product analogues: towards a blueprint for analogue-focused synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5059-5109. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A review of approaches to natural product analogues leads to the suggestion of new methods for the generation of biologically active natural product-like scaffolds.
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29
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Johnson S, Rahmani R, Drew DR, Williams MJ, Wilkinson M, Tan YH, Huang JX, Tonkin CJ, Beeson JG, Baum J, Smith BJ, Baell JB. Truncated Latrunculins as Actin Inhibitors Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Motility and Host Cell Invasion. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10994-11005. [PMID: 28002959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization of the cytosolic protein actin is critical to cell movement and host cell invasion by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Any disruption to actin polymerization dynamics will render the parasite incapable of invading a host cell and thereby unable to cause infection. Here, we explore the potential of using truncated latrunculins as potential chemotherapeutics for the treatment of malaria. Exploration of the binding interactions of the natural actin inhibitor latrunculins with actin revealed how a truncated core of the inhibitor could retain its key interaction features with actin. This truncated core was synthesized and subjected to preliminary structure-activity relationship studies to generate a focused set of analogues. Biochemical analyses of these analogues demonstrate their 6-fold increased activity compared with that of latrunculin B against P. falciparum and a 16-fold improved selectivity ex vivo. These data establish the latrunculin core as a potential focus for future structure-based drug design of chemotherapeutics against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Raphaël Rahmani
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Damien R Drew
- Burnet Institute , 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Melanie J Williams
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute , 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , South Kensington SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Hong Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute , 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , South Kensington SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Johnny X Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute , 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute , 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jake Baum
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute , 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , South Kensington SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Smith
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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30
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Mudit M, El Sayed KA. Cancer control potential of marine natural product scaffolds through inhibition of tumor cell migration and invasion. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1745-1760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Guérinot A, Cossy J. Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Couplings Using Organometallics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:49. [PMID: 27573401 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have emerged as an important tool for the formation of C-C bonds. A wide variety of alkenyl, aryl, and alkyl (pseudo)halides have been coupled to organometallic reagents, the most currently used being Grignard reagents. Particular attention has been devoted to the development of iron catalysts for the functionalization of alkyl halides that are generally challenging substrates in classical cross-couplings. The high functional group tolerance of iron-catalyzed cross-couplings has encouraged organic chemists to use them in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Even if some points remain obscure, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling and several hypotheses have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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32
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Tindall DJ, Krause H, Fürstner A. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 1-Alkynylcyclopropyl Tosylates and Related Substrates. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helga Krause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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33
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Gomes NGM, Dasari R, Chandra S, Kiss R, Kornienko A. Marine Invertebrate Metabolites with Anticancer Activities: Solutions to the "Supply Problem". Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E98. [PMID: 27213412 PMCID: PMC4882572 DOI: 10.3390/md14050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates provide a rich source of metabolites with anticancer activities and several marine-derived agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer. However, the limited supply of promising anticancer metabolites from their natural sources is a major hurdle to their preclinical and clinical development. Thus, the lack of a sustainable large-scale supply has been an important challenge facing chemists and biologists involved in marine-based drug discovery. In the current review we describe the main strategies aimed to overcome the supply problem. These include: marine invertebrate aquaculture, invertebrate and symbiont cell culture, culture-independent strategies, total chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, and a number of hybrid strategies. We provide examples illustrating the application of these strategies for the supply of marine invertebrate-derived anticancer agents. Finally, we encourage the scientific community to develop scalable methods to obtain selected metabolites, which in the authors' opinion should be pursued due to their most promising anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Sunena Chandra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP205/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Hwang
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Baek
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulbom Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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35
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Cież D, Pałasz A, Trzewik B. Titanium Enolate Chemistry at the Beginning of the 21st Century. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Li W, Schneider CM, Georg GI. Synthesis of Strained 1,3-Diene Macrocycles via Copper-Mediated Castro–Stephens Coupling/Alkyne Reduction Tandem Reactions. Org Lett 2015; 17:3902-5. [PMID: 26176267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and the Institute
for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Christopher M. Schneider
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and the Institute
for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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37
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Willwacher J, Heggen B, Wirtz C, Thiel W, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Revision, and Biological Reassessment of Mandelalide A: Chemical Mimicry of Intrafamily Relationships. Chemistry 2015; 21:10416-30. [PMID: 26094957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mandelalide A and three congeners had recently been isolated as the supposedly highly cytotoxic principles of an ascidian collected off the South African coastline. Since these compounds are hardly available from the natural source, a concise synthesis route was developed, targeting structure 1 as the purported representation of mandelalide A. The sequence involves an iridium-catalyzed two-directional Krische allylation and a cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative epoxide opening as entry points for the preparation of the major building blocks. The final stages feature the first implementation of terminal acetylene metathesis into natural product total synthesis, which is remarkable in that this class of substrates had been beyond the reach of alkyne metathesis for decades. Synthetic 1, however, proved not to be identical with the natural product. In an attempt to clarify this issue, NMR spectra were simulated for 20 conceivable diastereomers by using DFT followed by DP4 analysis; however, this did not provide a reliable assignment either. The puzzle was ultimately solved by the preparation of three diastereomers, of which compound 6 proved identical with mandelalide A in all analytical and spectroscopic regards. As the entire "northern sector" about the tetrahydrofuran ring in 6 shows the opposite configuration of what had originally been assigned, it is highly likely that the stereostructures of the sister compounds mandelalides B-D must be corrected analogously; we propose that these natural products are accurately represented by structures 68-70. In an attempt to prove this reassignment, an entry into mandelalides C and D was sought by subjecting an advanced intermediate of the synthesis of 6 to a largely unprecedented intramolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction, which furnished the γ-lactone derivative 74 as a mixture of diastereomers. Whereas (24R)-74 was amenable to a hydroxyl-directed dihydroxylation by using OsO4 /TMEDA as the reagent, the sister compound (24S)-74 did not follow a directed path but simply obeyed Kishi's rule; only this unexpected escape precluded the preparation of mandelalides C and D by this route. A combined spectroscopic and computational (DFT) study showed that the reasons for this strikingly different behavior of the two diastereomers of 74 are rooted in their conformational peculiarities. This aspect apart, our results show that the OsO4 /TMEDA complex reacts preferentially with electron deficient double bonds even if other alkenes are present that are more electron rich and less encumbered. Finally, in a brief biological survey authentic mandelalide A (6) was found to exhibit appreciable cytotoxicity only against one out of three tested human cancer cell lines and all synthetic congeners were hardly active. No significant fungicidal properties were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Willwacher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Berit Heggen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany).
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Bauer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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39
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Hedström A, Izakian Z, Vreto I, Wallentin CJ, Norrby PO. On the Radical Nature of Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:5946-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Aeluri M, Dasari B, Arya P. Divergent Approach to Building a Latrunculin Family Derived Hybrid Macrocyclic Toolbox. Org Lett 2015; 17:472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503465p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Aeluri
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhanudas Dasari
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
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41
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Li B, Williams B, Smith AB. A mild, diastereoselective construction of cyclic and spirocyclic ketals employing a tandem photoisomerization/cyclization tactic. Org Lett 2015; 17:3-5. [PMID: 25489978 PMCID: PMC4295796 DOI: 10.1021/ol503116q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclization of trans-δ-hydroxy enones to cyclic mixed ketals routinely requires superstoichiometric strong acid. By operating under a photoisomerization regime, the cyclization of trans-δ-hydroxy enones proceeds under catalytic Brønsted acid to provide cyclic ketals or unsaturated spiroketals in a highly diastereoselective fashion. A one-pot, two-step protocol was thus developed to provide cyclic methoxy ketals with a free β-hydroxy group for future functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry,
Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter and Monell Chemical
Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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42
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Tsakos M, Schaffert ES, Clement LL, Villadsen NL, Poulsen TB. Ester coupling reactions – an enduring challenge in the chemical synthesis of bioactive natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:605-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we investigate the use of complex ester fragment couplings within natural product total syntheses. Using examples from the literature up to 2014 we illustrate the state-of-the-art as well as the challenges within this area of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Tsakos
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Eva S. Schaffert
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Lise L. Clement
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Nikolaj L. Villadsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
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43
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Abstract
In this article strategies for the design and synthesis of natural product analogues are summarized and illustrated with some selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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44
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Valot G, Mailhol D, Regens CS, O'Malley DP, Godineau E, Takikawa H, Philipps P, Fürstner A. Concise Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides C and F. Chemistry 2014; 21:2398-408. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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45
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Trendowski M. Exploiting the cytoskeletal filaments of neoplastic cells to potentiate a novel therapeutic approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:599-616. [PMID: 25286320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although cytoskeletal-directed agents have been a mainstay in chemotherapeutic protocols due to their ability to readily interfere with the rapid mitotic progression of neoplastic cells, they are all microtubule-based drugs, and there has yet to be any microfilament- or intermediate filament-directed agents approved for clinical use. There are many inherent differences between the cytoskeletal networks of malignant and normal cells, providing an ideal target to attain preferential damage. Further, numerous microfilament-directed agents, and an intermediate filament-directed agent of particular interest (withaferin A) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy, suggesting that cytoskeletal filaments may be exploited to supplement chemotherapeutic approaches currently used in the clinical setting. Therefore, this review is intended to expose academics and clinicians to the tremendous variety of cytoskeletal filament-directed agents that are currently available for further chemotherapeutic evaluation. The mechanisms by which microfilament directed- and intermediate filament-directed agents damage malignant cells are discussed in detail in order to establish how the drugs can be used in combination with each other, or with currently approved chemotherapeutic agents to generate a substantial synergistic attack, potentially establishing a new paradigm of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Trendowski
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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46
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Williams BD, Smith AB. Total synthesis of (+)-18-epi-latrunculol A: development of a synthetic route. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9284-96. [PMID: 25243951 PMCID: PMC4184459 DOI: 10.1021/jo501733m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
evolution of an enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-18-epi-latrunculol A, a congener of the marine-sponge-derived
latrunculins A and B, is reported. Key steps include a late-stage
Mitsunobu macrolactonization to construct the 16-membered macrolactone,
a mild Carreira alkynylation to unite the northern and southern hemispheres,
a diastereoselective, acid-mediated δ-hydroxy enone cyclization/equilibration
sequence, and a functional-group-tolerant cross-metathesis to access
the enone cyclization precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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47
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Ding F, Leow ML, Ma J, William R, Liao H, Liu XW. Collective Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridone Alkaloids and Their Antiproliferation Activities. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2548-54. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Hoffmeister L, Persich P, Fürstner A. Formal Total Synthesis of Kendomycin by Way of Alkyne Metathesis/Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2014; 20:4396-402. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Abstract
An enantioselective total synthesis of the cytotoxic latrunculin congener (+)-18-epi-latrunculol A has been achieved. Key steps in the synthetic route include an acid-mediated enone cyclization/equilibration sequence, a Carreira alkynylation, and a late-stage Mitsunobu macrolactonization to construct the macrolide skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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50
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Arlt A, Benson S, Schulthoff S, Gabor B, Fürstner A. A total synthesis of spirastrellolide A methyl ester. Chemistry 2013; 19:3596-608. [PMID: 23420709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of spirastrellolide A methyl ester (1 a, R(1) =Me) as the parent compound of a series of highly cytotoxic marine macrolides is disclosed, which exploits and expands the flexibility of a synthesis plan previously developed by our group en route to the sister compound spirastrellolide F methyl ester (6 a, R(1) =Me). Key to success was the masking of the signature Δ(15,16) -bond of 1 a as a C16-carbonyl group until after the stereogenic center at C24 had been properly set by a highly selective hydrogenation of the C24 exo-methylene precursor 66. Conformational control over the macrocyclic frame allowed the proper stereochemical course to be dialed into this reduction process. The elaboration of the C16 ketone to the C15-C16 double bond was accomplished by a chemoselective alkenyl triflate formation followed by a palladium-catalyzed hydride delivery. The role of the ketone at C16 as a strategic design element is also evident up-stream of the key intermediate 66, the assembly of which hinged upon the addition of the polyfunctionalized dithiane 37 to the similarly elaborate aldehyde fragment 46. Other crucial steps of the total synthesis were an alkyl-Suzuki coupling and a Yamaguchi lactonization that allowed the Northern and the Southern sector of the target to be stitched together and the macrocyclic perimeter to be forged. The lateral chain comprising the remote C46 stereocenter was finally attached to the core region by a modified Julia-Kocienski olefination. The preparation of the individual building blocks led to some methodological spin-offs, amongst which the improved procedure for the N-O-bond cleavage of isoxazolines by zero-valent molybdenum and the ozonolysis of a double bond in the presence of other oxidation-prone functionality are most noteworthy. Preliminary biological data suggest that the entire carbon framework, that is the macrocyclic core plus the lateral chain, might be necessary for high cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arlt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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