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Liu X, Yang F, Guo J, Fu J, Guo Z. New insights into unusual droplets: from mediating the wettability to manipulating the locomotion modes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14757-14788. [PMID: 33125006 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate droplets can be utilized to develop various smart sensors or actuators, endowing them with fascinating applications for drug delivery, detection of target analytes, environmental monitoring, intelligent control, and so on. However, the stimuli-responsive superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic materials for normal water droplets cannot satisfy the requirements from some certain circumstances, i.e., liquid lenses and biosensors (detection of various additives in water/blood droplets). Stimuli-responsive wetting/dewetting behaviors of exceptional droplets are open issues and are attracting much attention from across the world. In this perspective article, the unconventional droplets are divided into three categories: ionic or surfactant additives in water droplets, oil droplets, and bubble droplets. We first introduce several classical wettability models of droplets and some methods to achieve wettability transition. The unusual droplet motion is also introduced in detail. There are four main types of locomotion modes, which are vertical rebound motion, lateral motion, self-propulsion motion, and anisotropic wettability controlled sliding behavior. The driving mechanism for the droplet motion is briefly introduced as well. Some approaches to achieve this manipulation goal, such as light irradiation, electronic, magnetic, acid-base, thermal, and mechanical ways will be taken into consideration. Finally, the current researches on unconventional droplets extending to polymer droplets and liquid metal droplets on the surface of special wettability materials are summarized and the prospect of unconventional droplet research directions in the field of on-demand transport application will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China. and School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Tan FL, Hu M, Song RJ, Li JH. Metal-Free Annulation Cascades of 1,7-Enynes Using Di-tert
-butyl Peroxide as the Methyl Source towards the Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Scaffolds. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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Gondosiswanto R, Gunawan CA, Hibbert DB, Harper JB, Zhao C. Microcontact Printing of Thiol-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Microarrays for "Membrane-less" and "Spill-less" Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31368-31374. [PMID: 27782398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip systems have gained significant interest for both chemical synthesis and assays at the micro-to-nanoscale with a unique set of benefits. However, solvent volatility represents one of the major hurdles to the reliability and reproducibility of the lab-on-a-chip devices for large-scale applications. Here we demonstrate a strategy of combining nonvolatile and functionalized ionic liquids with microcontact printing for fabrication of "wall-less" microreactors and microfluidics with high reproducibility and high throughput. A range of thiol-functionalized ionic liquids have been synthesized and used as inks for microcontact printing of ionic liquid microdroplet arrays onto gold chips. The covalent bonds formed between the thiol-functionalized ionic liquids and the gold substrate offer enhanced stability of the ionic liquid microdroplets, compared to conventional nonfunctionalized ionic liquids, and these microdroplets remain stable in a range of nonpolar and polar solvents, including water. We further demonstrate the use of these open ionic liquid microarrays for fabrication of "membrane-less" and "spill-less" gas sensors with enhanced reproducibility and robustness. Ionic-liquid-based microarray and microfluidics fabricated using the described microcontact printing may provide a versatile platform for a diverse number of applications at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B Hibbert
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason B Harper
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Imrich HG, Conrad J, Bubrin D, Beifuss U. From Nitrobenzenes to Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines in a Single Step by a Domino Reduction/Imine Formation/Aza-Diels–Alder Reaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2319-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502882y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Imrich
- Bioorganische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße
30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße
30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Denis Bubrin
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Bioorganische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße
30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Gunawan CA, Ge M, Zhao C. Robust and versatile ionic liquid microarrays achieved by microcontact printing. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3744. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Alammar T, Noei H, Wang Y, Mudring AV. Mild yet phase-selective preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles from ionic liquids--a critical study. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8045-8055. [PMID: 23872945 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00824j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phase selective synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2, titania, in ionic liquids (ILs) is explored. The influence not only of the IL but also of the Ti-precursor, pH, and temperature is investigated. Sonochemical synthesis, microwave synthesis and conventional heating are compared. In the case of Ti(O(i)Pr)4 (O(i)Pr = isopropyl) as the Ti-source the ILs [C4mim][Tf2N] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide), [C3mimOH][Tf2N] (1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide), [C4Py][Tf2N] (butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide), [N1888][Tf2N] (methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide), and [P66614][Tf2N] (tetradecyltrihexyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) led at ambient temperature to TiO2 in the form of anatase. The morphology of nano-anatase is controlled by the IL cation. Anatase nanospheres with a crystal size below 10 nm are obtained in [C3mimOH][Tf2N], [P66614][Tf2N] and [C4Py][Tf2N], whilst nanorods with a length and diameter of ∼10 to 20 and 5 nm are formed in [N1888][Tf2N] and spindle-shaped particles with an average length of 10-25 nm are formed in [C4mim][Tf2N]. Calcination at temperatures above 730 °C leads to rutile. When using TiCl4 as the Ti-precursor an anatase-rutile mixture forms under ambient conditions. Pure rutile can be obtained under ambient conditions in the presence of an appropriate volume of aqueous HCl. At moderate to high pH values pure anatase can be obtained even from TiCl4. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO2 materials has been assessed by the photodegradation of an aqueous methyl orange solution under UV light. The results indicate that the photocatalytic activity of anatase-brookite mixtures obtained in [C4mim][Tf2N], [N1888][Tf2N] and [P66614][Tf2N] is higher than that of pure anatase which is formed in [C3mimOH][Tf2N] and [C4Py][Tf2N] and competitive with commercially available catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Alammar
- Inorganic Chemistry III - Materials Synthesis and Characterization, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Alammar T, Shekhah O, Wohlgemuth J, Mudring AV. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of mesoporous β-Ni(OH)2 and NiO nano-sheets using ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32849f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alammar T, Mudring AV. Sonochemical synthesis of 0D, 1D, and 2D zinc oxide nanostructures in ionic liquids and their photocatalytic activity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1796-1804. [PMID: 22162406 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound synthesis of zinc oxide from zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide in ionic liquids (ILs) is a fast, facile, and effective, yet highly morphology- and size-selective route to zinc oxide nanostructures of various dimensionalities. No additional organic solvents, water, surfactants, or templating agents are required. Depending on the synthetic conditions, the selective manufacturing of 0D, 1D, and 2D ZnO nanostructures is possible: Whereas the formation of rodlike structures is typically favored, ZnO nanoparticles can be obtained either under strongly basic conditions or by use of ILs with a long alkyl chain, such as 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C(n)mim][Tf(2)N]; n>8). A short ultrasound irradiation time favors the formation of ZnO nanosheets. Prolonged irradiation leads to the conversion of the ZnO nanosheets into nanorods. In contrast, ionothermal synthesis (conventional heating) does not allow for morphology tuning by variation of the IL or other synthesis conditions, as the longer reaction times required lead always to the formation of well-developed hexagonal nanocrystals with prismatic tips. The ZnO nanostructures synthesized by using ultrasound were efficient photocatalysts in the photodegradation of methyl orange. The photoactivity was observed to be as high as 95 % for ZnO nanoparticles obtained in [C(10)mim][Tf(2)N].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Alammar
- Anorganische Chemie I-Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Zhang S, Hu X, Qu C, Zhang Q, Ma X, Lu L, Li X, Zhang X, Deng Y. Enhanced and Reversible Contact Angle Modulation of Ionic Liquids in Oil and under AC Electric Field. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2327-31. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alammar T, Birkner A, Mudring AV. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanorods in a Neat Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Marchand G, Dubois P, Delattre C, Vinet F, Blanchard-Desce M, Vaultier M. Organic Synthesis in Soft Wall-Free Microreactors: Real-Time Monitoring of Fluorogenic Reactions. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6051-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800855u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Marchand
- Department of Technology for Biology and Health, CEA/LETI-Minatec, 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble, France, Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Photonics, UMR 6510, CNRS and Université de Rennes1, 263 avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - P. Dubois
- Department of Technology for Biology and Health, CEA/LETI-Minatec, 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble, France, Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Photonics, UMR 6510, CNRS and Université de Rennes1, 263 avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - C. Delattre
- Department of Technology for Biology and Health, CEA/LETI-Minatec, 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble, France, Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Photonics, UMR 6510, CNRS and Université de Rennes1, 263 avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - F. Vinet
- Department of Technology for Biology and Health, CEA/LETI-Minatec, 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble, France, Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Photonics, UMR 6510, CNRS and Université de Rennes1, 263 avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - M. Blanchard-Desce
- Department of Technology for Biology and Health, CEA/LETI-Minatec, 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble, France, Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Photonics, UMR 6510, CNRS and Université de Rennes1, 263 avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - M. Vaultier
- Department of Technology for Biology and Health, CEA/LETI-Minatec, 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble, France, Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Photonics, UMR 6510, CNRS and Université de Rennes1, 263 avenue Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
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