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Horiuchi S, Hayashi M, Umakoshi K. Noncovalent tailoring of coordination complexes by resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6604-6618. [PMID: 37128873 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition of guest molecules in a confined cavity is one of the important phenomena in biological and artificial molecular systems. When the guest is trapped within an artificial nano-space, its conformation is fixed in an unusual fashion by noncovalent interactions with host frameworks, and also the guest is kept away from the bulk solvent by the steric effect of the host. Therefore, host-guest formations lead to the effective modulation of the chemical and physical properties of guests via noncovalent interactions. In contrast to the many examples of organic guests, the examples of host-guest formation using coordination complex guests have been less explored. This is simply due to the size and shape complementarity problem between small hosts and large coordination complex guests. Resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts have been shown to provide internal cavities that are large enough to fully accommodate coordination complexes within the internal spaces via effective molecular interactions. In this article, we focus on supramolecular strategies to control the chemical and physical properties of the coordination complex guests within resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts. By the careful selection of the host and guest complexes, these combinations can produce a new supramolecular system, showing unusual structures, redox, catalytic, and photophysical properties derived from the entrapped coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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2
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Palmquist MS, Gruschka MC, Dorsainvil JM, Delawder AO, Saak TM, Danielson MK, Barnes JC. Electrostatic loading and photoredox-based release of molecular cargo from oligoviologen-crosslinked microparticles. Polym Chem 2022; 13:2115-2122. [PMID: 36188127 PMCID: PMC9518833 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although on-demand cargo release has been demonstrated in a wide range of microparticle platforms, many existing methods lack specific loading interactions and/or undergo permanent damage to the microparticle to release...
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Palmquist
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Max C Gruschka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jovelt M Dorsainvil
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Abigail O Delawder
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tiana M Saak
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Mary K Danielson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan C Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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3
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Cohen Y, Slovak S. Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of diffusion NMR in studying calixarenes and other arene-based supramolecular systems is described, emphasizing the pivotal role played by the calixarene community in transforming the methods into a routine tool used in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
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4
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Hillyer MB, Gibb CLD, Sokkalingam P, Jordan JH, Ioup SE, Mague JT, Gibb BC. Synthesis of Water-Soluble Deep-Cavity Cavitands. Org Lett 2016; 18:4048-51. [PMID: 27500699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, four-step synthesis of a range of water-soluble, deep-cavity cavitands is presented. Key to this approach are octahalide derivatives (4, X = Cl or Br) that allow a range of water-solubilizing groups to be added to the outer surface of the core host structure. In many cases, the conversion of the starting dodecol (1) resorcinarene to the different cavitands avoids any chromatographic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Hillyer
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Corinne L D Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Punidha Sokkalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jacobs H Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Sarah E Ioup
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | | | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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5
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Madasamy K, Kathiresan M. Dimeric and Star-Shaped Viologens: Synthesis and Capping interactions with β-cyclodextrin. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Madasamy
- Electro Organic Division; CSIR-Central ElectroChemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630003 TamilNadu INDIA
| | - Murugavel Kathiresan
- Electro Organic Division; CSIR-Central ElectroChemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630003 TamilNadu INDIA
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6
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Abstract
This review focuses on molecular containers formed by assembly processes driven by the hydrophobic effect, and summarizes the progress made in the field over the last ten years. This small but growing facet of supramolecular chemistry discusses three classes of molecules used by researchers to investigate how self-assembly can be applied to form discrete, mono-dispersed, and structurally well-defined supramolecular entities. The approaches demonstrate the importance of preorganization of arrays of rigid moieties to define a specific form predisposed to bind, fold, or assemble. As the examples demonstrate, studying these systems and their properties is teaching us how to control supramolecular chemistry in water, shedding light on aspects of aqueous solutions chemistry, and illustrating novel applications that harness the unique properties of the hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobs H Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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7
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Abstract
In the last decade diffusion NMR and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) have become important analytical tools for the characterization of supramolecular systems in solution. Diffusion NMR can be used to glean information on the (effective) size and shape of molecular species, as well as to probe inter-molecular interactions and can be used to estimate the association constant (Ka) of a complex. In addition, the diffusion coefficient, as obtained from diffusion NMR, is a much more intuitive parameter than the chemical shift for probing self-association, aggregation and inter-molecular interactions. The diffusion coefficient may be an even more important analytical parameter in systems in which the formed supramolecular entity has the same symmetry as its building units, when there is a large change in the molecular weight, where many molecular species are involved in the formation of the supramolecular systems, and when proton transfer may occur which, in turn, may affect the chemical shift. Some of the self-assembled molecular capsules and cages prepared in the last decade represent such supramolecular systems and in the present review, following a short introduction on diffusion NMR, we survey the contribution of diffusion NMR and DOSY in the field of molecular containers and capsules. We will first focus on the role played by diffusion NMR in the field of hydrogen bond driven self-assembled capsules. We then survey the contributions of diffusion NMR and DOSY to the study and characterization of metal-ligand cages and capsules. Finally, we describe a few recent applications of diffusion NMR in the field of hydrophobic, electrostatic and covalent containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Avram
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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8
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Redox behaviour of some asymmetrically substituted viologens and an alkyl bridged bis-viologen in non-aqueous solvents: a voltammetric and spectroscopic investigation. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Wanjari PP, Gibb BC, Ashbaugh HS. Simulation optimization of spherical non-polar guest recognition by deep-cavity cavitands. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:234502. [PMID: 24359375 DOI: 10.1063/1.4844215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic deep-cavity cavitand hosts possess unique recognition and encapsulation properties that make them capable of selectively binding a range of non-polar guests within their hydrophobic pocket. Adamantane based derivatives which snuggly fit within the pocket of octa-acid deep cavity cavitands exhibit some of the strongest host binding. Here we explore the roles of guest size and attractiveness on optimizing guest binding to form 1:1 complexes with octa-acid cavitands in water. Specifically we simulate the water-mediated interactions of the cavitand with adamantane and a range of simple Lennard-Jones guests of varying diameter and attractive well-depth. Initial simulations performed with methane indicate hydrated methanes preferentially reside within the host pocket, although these guests frequently trade places with water and other methanes in bulk solution. The interaction strength of hydrophobic guests increases with increasing size from sizes slightly smaller than methane to Lennard-Jones guests comparable in size to adamantane. Over this guest size range the preferential guest binding location migrates from the bottom of the host pocket upwards. For guests larger than adamantane, however, binding becomes less favorable as the minimum in the potential-of-mean force shifts to the cavitand face around the portal. For a fixed guest diameter, the Lennard-Jones well-depth is found to systematically shift the guest-host potential-of-mean force to lower free energies, however, the optimal guest size is found to be insensitive to increasing well-depth. Ultimately our simulations show that adamantane lies within the optimal range of guest sizes with significant attractive interactions to match the most tightly bound Lennard-Jones guests studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush P Wanjari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Henry S Ashbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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10
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Kataev EA, Müller C. Recent advances in molecular recognition in water: artificial receptors and supramolecular catalysis. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Gibb CLD, Gibb BC. Binding of cyclic carboxylates to octa-acid deep-cavity cavitand. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2013; 28:319-25. [PMID: 24218290 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-013-9690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of the fourth statistical assessment of modeling of proteins and ligands (sampl.eyesopen.com) prediction challenge, the strength of association of nine guests (1-9) binding to octa-acid host was determined by a combination of (1)H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry. Association constants in sodium tetraborate buffered (pH 9.2) aqueous solution ranged from 5.39 × 10(2) M(-1) in the case of benzoate 1, up to 3.82 × 10(5) M(-1) for trans-4-methylcyclohexanoate 7. Overall, the free energy difference between the free energies of complexation of these weakest and strongest binding guests was ΔΔG° = 3.88 kcal mol(-1). Based on a multitude of previous studies, the anticipated order of strength of binding was close to that which was actually obtained. However, the binding of guest 3 (4-ethylbenzoate) was considerably stronger than initially estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne L D Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
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12
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Gan H, Gibb BC. Guest-mediated switching of the assembly state of a water-soluble deep-cavity cavitand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1395-7. [PMID: 23306216 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep-cavity cavitand TEMOA (2) is shown to assemble via the hydrophobic effect into tetrameric and hexameric assemblies. With inner volumes of 1400-1500 Å(3) and 3200-3700 Å(3) respectively, these well-defined and mono-dispersed assemblies represent the largest of their type to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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13
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Lux J, Rebek J. Reversible switching between self-assembled homomeric and hybrid capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2127-9. [PMID: 23389259 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38769k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present here the reversible, guest-controlled disproportionation of homomeric and hybrid capsules using photochemistry. The supramolecular containers are self-assembled from shallow and deep cavitand modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lux
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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14
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Yamanaka M, Kobayashi K. Capsular Assemblies of Calix[4]resorcinarene-based Cavitands. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Qiu Y, Yi S, Kaifer AE. Trapping of Bulky Guests inside Dimeric Molecular Capsules Formed by a Deep-Cavity Cavitand. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4622-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qiu
- Center for Supramolecular
Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Song Yi
- Center for Supramolecular
Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Center for Supramolecular
Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
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16
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Senler S, Cui L, Broomes AM, Smith EL, Wilson JN, Kaifer AE. New guests for the cucurbit[8]uril host. Formation of G2H ternary complexes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Senler
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables; FL; 33124-0431; USA
| | - Lu Cui
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables; FL; 33124-0431; USA
| | - Ana Michelle Broomes
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables; FL; 33124-0431; USA
| | - Erika L. Smith
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables; FL; 33124-0431; USA
| | - James N. Wilson
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables; FL; 33124-0431; USA
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables; FL; 33124-0431; USA
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17
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Tang H, de Oliveira CS, Sonntag G, Gibb CLD, Gibb BC, Bohne C. Dynamics of a supramolecular capsule assembly with pyrene. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5544-7. [PMID: 22417319 DOI: 10.1021/ja301278p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble octaacid cavitands (OAs) form dimeric capsules suitable for guest incorporation. Our studies reveal that the mechanism of pyrene (Py) binding involves the rapid (<1 ms) formation of the Py·OA complex followed by slower binding with the second OA. The dissociation of the capsular OA·Py·OA complex occurs with a lifetime of 2.7 s, which is 5 orders of magnitude slower than the microsecond opening/closing ("breathing") previously observed to provide access of small molecules to the encapsulated guest. These different dynamics of the capsules have a potential impact on how the chemistry of included guests could be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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18
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Gan H, Gibb BC. Guest-controlled self-sorting in assemblies driven by the hydrophobic effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1656-8. [PMID: 22187069 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extent of self-sorting in systems comprised of two different deep-cavity cavitands is investigated. The nature of the guest(s) encapsulated in the resulting assemblies is shown to profoundly influence the extent of self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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19
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20
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Qiu Y, Yi S, Kaifer AE. Encapsulation of Tetrathiafulvalene Inside a Dimeric Molecular Capsule. Org Lett 2011; 13:1770-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qiu
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, United States
| | - Song Yi
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, United States
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, United States
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21
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Laughrey Z, Gibb BC. Water-soluble, self-assembling container molecules: an update. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:363-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Guo JB, Jiang Y, Chen CF. Self-Assembled Interwoven Cages from Triptycene-Derived Bis-Macrotricyclic Polyether and Multiple Branched Paraquat-Derived Subunits. Org Lett 2010; 12:5764-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102670y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Sarmentero MA, Fernández-Pérez H, Zuidema E, Bo C, Vidal-Ferran A, Ballester P. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Norbornadiene by a Rhodium Complex in a Self-Folding Cavitand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Sarmentero MA, Fernández-Pérez H, Zuidema E, Bo C, Vidal-Ferran A, Ballester P. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Norbornadiene by a Rhodium Complex in a Self-Folding Cavitand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7489-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Jankolovits J, Kampf J, Maldonado S, Pecoraro V. Voltammetric Characterization of Redox-Inactive Guest Binding to LnIII[15-Metallacrown-5] Hosts Based on Competition with a Redox Probe. Chemistry 2010; 16:6786-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Gadde S, Batchelor EK, Kaifer AE. Electrochemistry of Redox Active Centres Encapsulated by Non-Covalent Methods. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a summary of recent research work on the electrochemical behaviour of redox active guests fully or almost fully encapsulated by suitable molecular receptors or molecular capsules. From the standpoint of their voltammetric behaviour the cyclodextrins have been shown to be very dynamic hosts, which hamper the observation of direct electron transfer to/from their inclusion complexes. Therefore, this Review is essentially concerned with research work on cucurbituril and cavitand-type hosts, which was mostly done in the author’s laboratory. In general terms, the observed voltammetric behaviour for encapsulated guests covers a wide range of possibilities. Cucurbituril and cavitand-type hosts afford more kinetically stable complexes, whose direct electrochemical behaviour is observable and tends to be kinetically slower than that of the free guests. However, the degree of kinetic attenuation varies over a wide range and, in some cases, challenges our ability to rationalize the data. Clearly, more variation in the host structures and more research work are required to improve our understanding of encapsulation effects on these electron transfer reactions.
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27
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Rieth S, Bao X, Wang BY, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Gated Molecular Recognition and Dynamic Discrimination of Guests. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 132:773-6. [PMID: 20038142 DOI: 10.1021/ja908436c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rieth
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Bao-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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28
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Jayaraj N, Zhao Y, Parthasarathy A, Porel M, Liu RSH, Ramamurthy V. Nature of supramolecular complexes controlled by the structure of the guest molecules: formation of octa acid based capsuleplex and cavitandplex. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10575-10586. [PMID: 19496576 DOI: 10.1021/la901367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Factors that govern inclusion of organic molecules within octa acid (OA), a synthetic deep cavity cavitand, have been delineated by examining the complexation behavior of a number of organic molecules with varying dimensions and functionalities with OA. The formation of two types of complexes has been noted: the one which we call cavitandplex is a partially open complex in which a part of the guest molecule remains exposed to water, and the other termed capsuleplex is formed through assembly of two OA molecules. In capsuleplex, the guest is protected from water. Generally, guest molecules that possess ionic head groups form cavitandplex, and all others form capsuleplex. Capsuleplex may contain one or two guest molecules within the capsule. Small organic molecules (<10 A in length) may form both 2:1 and 2:2 capsuleplex, while longer ones (>12 A) preferentially form 2:1 capsuleplex. Extensive 1H NMR experiments have been carried out to characterize host-guest complexes. In the absence of the guest, OA tends to aggregate in water. The extent of aggregation depends on the concentration of OA and the presence of salts in solution. We expect the information obtained from this study to be of great value in predicting the nature of complexes with a given guest and facilitating appropriate guest chosen by researchers.
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Podkoscielny D, Gadde S, Kaifer AE. Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation of a Fully Encapsulated Redox Active Center. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12876-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9045108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Podkoscielny
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431
| | - Suresh Gadde
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431
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Khashab NM, Trabolsi A, Lau YA, Ambrogio MW, Friedman DC, Khatib HA, Zink JI, Stoddart JF. Redox- and pH-Controlled Mechanized Nanoparticles. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cafeo G, Kohnke F, Valenti L, White A. pH-Controlled Molecular Switches and the Substrate-Directed Self-Assembly of Molecular Capsules with a Calix[4]pyrrole Derivative. Chemistry 2008; 14:11593-600. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Liu S, Gibb BC. High-definition self-assemblies driven by the hydrophobic effect: synthesis and properties of a supramolecular nanocapsule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3709-16. [PMID: 18685753 PMCID: PMC2614893 DOI: 10.1039/b805446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High definition self-assemblies, those that possess order at the molecular level, are most commonly made from subunits possessing metals and metal coordination sites, or groups capable of partaking in hydrogen bonding. In other words, enthalpy is the driving force behind the free energy of assembly. The hydrophobic effect engenders the possibility of (nominally) relying not on enthalpy but entropy to drive assembly. Towards this idea, we describe how template molecules can trigger the dimerization of a cavitand in aqueous solution, and in doing so are encapsulated within the resulting capsule. Although not held together by (enthalpically) strong and directional non-covalent forces, these capsules possess considerable thermodynamic and kinetic stability. As a result, they display unusual and even unique properties. We discuss some of these, including the use of the capsule as a nanoscale reaction chamber and how they can bring about the separation of hydrocarbon gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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33
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Podkoscielny D, Hooley RJ, Rebek J, Kaifer AE. Ferrocene derivatives included in a water-soluble cavitand: are they electroinactive? Org Lett 2008; 10:2865-8. [PMID: 18537255 DOI: 10.1021/ol8010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation in aqueous solution of kinetically stable inclusion complexes between a deep-cavity cavitand and several redox active ferrocene derivatives was demonstrated using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical kinetics of the inclusion complexes was strongly attenuated as compared to that observed with the free guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Podkoscielny
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, USA
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