1
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Casper LA, Ebel V, Linseis M, Winter RF. Five shades of green: substituent influence on the (spectro-) electrochemical properties of diferrocenyl(phenyl)methylium dyes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15336-15351. [PMID: 34636831 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new, intensely green diferrocenylphenylmethylium complexes 1+-5+ with electron donating (EDG: 4-MeO, 4-Me, 4-Br) or withdrawing (EWG: 3,5-CF3, 4-nC6F13) substituents were synthesized and fully characterized. The substituent influence on their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and T-dependent EPR spectroscopy of the cationic as well as the oxidized (12+-52+) and reduced (1˙-5˙) species. The reduced forms equilibrate with their corresponding dimers (65-83%) with a clear substituent influence as expressed by their Hammett parameters in an ordering 4+ > 5+ > 3+ > 2+ > 1+. The structures of all five precursor carbinols 1-OH-5-OH and those of three of the diferrocenylphenylmethylium cations (1+, 4+-5+) were established by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Casper
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Viktoria Ebel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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2
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Ishigaki Y, Uchimura Y, Shimajiri T, Suzuki T. Expandability of the Covalent Bond: A New Facet Discovered in Extremely Long Csp3-Csp3 Single Bonds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yasuto Uchimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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3
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Nishiuchi T, Kisaka K, Kubo T. Synthesis of Anthracene‐Based Cyclic π‐Clusters and Elucidation of their Properties Originating from Congested Aromatic Planes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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4
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Nishiuchi T, Kisaka K, Kubo T. Synthesis of Anthracene-Based Cyclic π-Clusters and Elucidation of their Properties Originating from Congested Aromatic Planes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5400-5406. [PMID: 33219584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and properties of anthracene-based cyclic π-clusters which possess two and four anthracene units are discussed. The optimal cyclization conditions were determined based on a nickel(0)-mediated reaction that afforded a cyclic anthracene dimer as the major product. Bringing two anthracene planes in close proximity in a face-to-face manner resulted in red-shifted absorption owing to the narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap. The cyclic anthracene dimer exhibits multi-stimuli responsiveness due to high π-congestion. For example, photoirradiation on the anthracene dimer affords its photoisomer having C-C bonds that are longer than 1.65 Å, which can undergo thermal reversion under gentle heating. This enabled mechanochromism of the photoisomer (colorless) to the original anthracene dimer (red). Photoisomerization was also observed in the crystalline state, accompanied by crystal jumping or collapsing, that is, the photosalient effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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Delgado AAA, Humason A, Kalescky R, Freindorf M, Kraka E. Exceptionally Long Covalent CC Bonds-A Local Vibrational Mode Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040950. [PMID: 33670107 PMCID: PMC7916873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades one has strived to synthesize a compound with the longest covalent C−C bond applying predominantly steric hindrance and/or strain to achieve this goal. On the other hand electronic effects have been added to the repertoire, such as realized in the electron deficient ethane radical cation in its D3d form. Recently, negative hyperconjugation effects occurring in diamino-o-carborane analogs such as di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane have been held responsible for their long C−C bonds. In this work we systematically analyzed CC bonding in a diverse set of 53 molecules including clamped bonds, highly sterically strained complexes such as diamondoid dimers, electron deficient species, and di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane to cover the whole spectrum of possibilities for elongating a covalent C−C bond to the limit. As a quantitative intrinsic bond strength measure, we utilized local vibrational CC stretching force constants ka(CC) and related bond strength orders BSO n(CC), computed at the ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Our systematic study quantifies for the first time that whereas steric hindrance and/or strain definitely elongate a C−C bond, electronic effects can lead to even longer and weaker C−C bonds. Within our set of molecules the electron deficient ethane radical cation, in D3d symmetry, acquires the longest C−C bond with a length of 1.935 Å followed by di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane with a bond length of 1.930 Å. However, the C−C bond in di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane is the weakest with a BSO n value of 0.209 compared to 0.286 for the ethane radical cation; another example that the longer bond is not always the weaker bond. Based on our findings we provide new guidelines for the general characterization of CC bonds based on local vibrational CC stretching force constants and for future design of compounds with long C−C bonds.
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6
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Jacquot de Rouville HP, Hu J, Heitz V. N-Substituted Acridinium as a Multi-Responsive Recognition Unit in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chempluschem 2021; 86:110-129. [PMID: 33400395 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The N-substituted acridinium motif is an electron-deficient unit with appealing multi-responsive properties which have been exploited in the field of supramolecular chemistry. This building block reversibly alters its shape, with its chemical and optical properties in response to a chemical or redox signal. In this Review, we discuss selected examples where the switchable properties of 9-aryl-N-methyl-acridinium lead to actuators, multi-input and multi-output systems, host or guest systems, and to interlocked systems with controllable motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Pierre Jacquot de Rouville
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johnny Hu
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y, Takata M, Nishida JI, Fukushima T. 9,9'-Bi(xanthene)-Type Hexaphenylethane Derivatives as Advanced Organic Electrochromic Systems. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Casper LA, Wursthorn L, Geppert M, Roser P, Linseis M, Drescher M, Winter RF. 4-Ferrocenylphenyl-Substituted Tritylium Dyes with Open and Interlinked C +Ar 2 Entities: Redox Behavior, Electrochromism, and a Quantitative Study of the Dimerization of Their Neutral Radicals. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A. Casper
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lukas Wursthorn
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Geppert
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Roser
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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9
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Gosset A, Wilbraham L, Lachmanová ŠN, Sokolová R, Dupeyre G, Tuyèras F, Ochsenbein P, Perruchot C, de Rouville HPJ, Randriamahazaka H, Pospíšil L, Ciofini I, Hromadová M, Lainé PP. Electron Storage System Based on a Two-Way Inversion of Redox Potentials. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5162-5176. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gosset
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Liam Wilbraham
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Štěpánka Nováková Lachmanová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Sokolová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Grégory Dupeyre
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Tuyèras
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ochsenbein
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Modélisation Moléculaire du Solide, Sanofi LGCR, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04 France
| | - Christian Perruchot
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo n.2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe P. Lainé
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
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10
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Takeda T, Akutagawa T. Conformation change significantly affected the optical and electronic properties of arylsulfonamide-substituted anthraquinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10564-10567. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04611f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple N-methylation induced dynamic structural change of arylsulfonamide-substituted anthraquinone, which induced drastic change in optical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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11
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Puhl S, Steenbock T, Herrmann C, Heck J. Controlling Through‐Space and Through‐Bond Exchange Pathways in Bis‐Cobaltocenes for Molecular Spintronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Puhl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Torben Steenbock
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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12
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Puhl S, Steenbock T, Herrmann C, Heck J. Controlling Through-Space and Through-Bond Exchange Pathways in Bis-Cobaltocenes for Molecular Spintronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2407-2413. [PMID: 31705778 PMCID: PMC7004085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pinching molecules via chemical strain suggests intuitive consequences, such as compression at the pinched site and clothespin‐like opening of other parts of the structure. If this opening affects two spin centers, it should result in reduced communication between them. We show that for naphthalene‐bridged biscobaltocenes with competing through‐space and through‐bond pathways, the consequences of pinching are far less intuitive: despite the known dominance of through‐space interactions, the bridge plays a much larger role for exchange spin coupling than previously assumed. Based on a combination of chemical synthesis, structural, magnetic, and redox characterization, and a newly developed theoretical pathway analysis, we can suggest a comprehensive explanation for this non‐intuitive behavior. These results are of interest for molecular spintronics, as naphthalene‐linked cobaltocenes can form wires on surfaces for potential spin‐only information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Puhl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Steenbock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Hirao Y, Okuda T, Hamamoto Y, Kubo T. Formation of Perylenes by Oxidative Dimerization of Naphthalenes Bearing Radical Sources. Chempluschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Tomoki Okuda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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14
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Kuroda Y, Kobayashi M, Taketsugu T. Dispersion Interaction and Crystal Packing Realize an Ultralong C–C Single Bond: A Theoretical Study on Dispirobis(10-methylacridan) Derivatives. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kuroda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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15
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Li J, Pang R, Li Z, Lai G, Xiao X, Müller T. Exceptionally Long C−C Single Bonds in Diamino‐ o‐carborane as Induced by Negative Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- Hangzhou Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China
| | - Ronglin Pang
- Hangzhou Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Hangzhou Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China
| | - Guoqiao Lai
- Hangzhou Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China
| | - Xu‐Qiong Xiao
- Hangzhou Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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16
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Li J, Pang R, Li Z, Lai G, Xiao XQ, Müller T. Exceptionally Long C-C Single Bonds in Diamino-o-carborane as Induced by Negative Hyperconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1397-1401. [PMID: 30456820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of 1,2-diamino-o-carboranes (1-4) is reported. The molecular structures of these diamino-o-carboranes are remarkable as the inner-cluster C-C bonds are all ultra-long (162.7-193.1 pm) and vary substantially with small variations in the substituents. The results of quantum mechanical investigations suggest that the origin of the bond elongation is significant in-plane negative hyperconjugation of lone pairs of the nitrogen substituents with the σ* orbitals of the C-C bonds in o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ronglin Pang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiao Lai
- Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiao
- Hangzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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17
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Oßwald S, Casper LA, Anders P, Schiebel E, Demeshko S, Winter RF. Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical, Mößbauer, and EPR Spectroscopic Studies on Ferrocenyl-Substituted Tritylium Dyes. Chemistry 2018; 24:12524-12538. [PMID: 29904938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four monoferrocenyl tritylium derivatives with donor-substituted (OMe, NMe2 ) aryl rings are reported, along with their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. All the complexes show a one-electron reduction and a quasi-reversible ferrocene oxidation at a very positive potential. Small quadrupole splittings, ΔEQ , in Mößbauer spectra agree with highly electron-deficient ferrocenes. Comparison of the experimental half-wave potentials for ferrocene oxidation, E1/2 (Fc/Fc+ ), with those estimated from established correlations of E1/2 (Fc/Fc+ ) with ΔEQ indicates that the E1/2 values of the anisyl-substituted congeners FcOMe+ and FcMeOMe+ are affected by Coulombic repulsion between the positive charges at the Fe ion and the neighboring methylium site. Electronic spectra are recorded and interpreted with the aid of quantum chemical calculations. UV/Vis spectroelectrochemical measurements as well as chemical reduction provide insight into the redox-induced color changes upon ferrocene oxidation or upon reduction to the neutral trityl radicals. The neutral radicals reversibly form EPR-silent dimers. This process is studied by temperature-dependent EPR spectroscopy, and thermodynamic data for their dimerization are determined. Experimental and quantum chemical data suggest that the dimers assume classical hexaarylethane structures as opposed to normal or "offset" Jacobson-Nauta-type structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Oßwald
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Larissa A Casper
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Anders
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eva Schiebel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Fakultät für Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Eberhard J, Peuntinger K, Fröhlich R, Guldi DM, Mattay J. Synthesis and Properties of Acridine and Acridinium Dye Functionalized Bis(terpyridine) Ruthenium(II) Complexes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Eberhard
- Organische Chemie I; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Katrin Peuntinger
- Physikalische Chemie I; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Röntgenstrukturanalyse; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Physikalische Chemie I; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- Organische Chemie I; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
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Ishigaki Y, Shimajiri T, Takeda T, Katoono R, Suzuki T. Longest C–C Single Bond among Neutral Hydrocarbons with a Bond Length beyond 1.8 Å. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tobe Y. Quinodimethanes Incorporated in Non-Benzenoid Aromatic or Antiaromatic Frameworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:12. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Folkertsma E, Benthem SH, Witteman L, van Slagmaat CAMR, Lutz M, Klein Gebbink RJM, Moret ME. Formation of exceptionally weak C-C bonds by metal-templated pinacol coupling. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:6177-6182. [PMID: 28440388 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the bis(imidazolyl)ketone ligand BMdiPhIK (bis(1-methyl-4,5-diphenylimidazolyl)ketone) to function as a redox active ligand has been investigated. The reduction of [M(BMdiPhIK)Cl2] (M = Fe and Zn) complexes resulted in a pinacol-type coupling to form dinuclear complexes featuring very weak and abnormally elongated C-C bonds (1.729(5) and 1.708(3) Å for Fe and Zn, respectively). Oxidation of these complexes using ferrocenium in the presence of Cl- ions regenerated the original [M(BMdiPhIK)Cl2] complexes, showing the reversibility of the coupling process. This makes it a potentially interesting approach for the storage of electrons and application of the BMdiPhIK ligand as a redox active ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Folkertsma
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Ning Y, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Otani Y, Ohwada T. Synthesis, structure and N-N bonding character of 1,1-disubstituted indazolium hexafluorophosphate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1881-1884. [PMID: 29392251 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,1-Disubstituted indazolium hexafluorophosphates were synthesized via intramolecular electrophilic amination reactions under mild conditions. The crystal structures were determined and are consistent with the presence of a stable N-N bond, which can be cleaved by hydrogenation. Both experimental and computational studies suggest a covalent bonding character of the N-N bond, with diminished aromaticity of the newly formed pyrazolium ring due to the quaternary ammonium atom (N1), in contrast to the aromatic character of the parent indazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtang Ning
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene with Two Spiro(dibenzocycloheptatriene) Units: A Highly Strained Caged Hydrocarbon Exhibiting Reversible Electrochromic Behavior. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111900. [PMID: 29113057 PMCID: PMC6150351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The title dispiro hydrocarbon 1 was designed as a new electrochromic material. This multiply clamped hexaphenylethane-type electron donor was prepared from 2,2′-diiodobiphenyl via biphenyl-2,2′-diylbis(dibenzotropylium) 22+ salt. X-ray analysis of 1 revealed a highly strained structure as reflected by an elongated “ethane” bond [bond length: 1.6665(17) Å] and nearly eclipsed conformation. The weakened bond was cleaved upon two-electron oxidation to regenerate the deeply colored dication 22+. The reversible interconversion between 1 and 22+ is accompanied not only by a drastic color change but also by C–C bond formation/cleavage. Thus, the voltammogram showed a pair of well-separated redox waves, which is characteristic of “dynamic redox (dyrex)” behavior. The tetrahydro derivative of 1 with two units of spiro(dibenzocycloheptadiene), which suffers from more severe steric congestion, was also prepared. The crystallographically determined bond length for the central C–C bond [1.705(4) Å] is greatest among the values reported for 9,9,10,10-tetraaryl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives.
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24
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Zhai F, Jordan RF. Autoxidation of Heterocyclic Aminals. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3055-3063. [PMID: 31457639 PMCID: PMC6641016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The autoxidation reactions of 2-acyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones 4a and 5a and 2,2'-bis(dihydroquinazolinone) 6a are described. These reactions generate aminyl radicals that undergo β-C-C cleavage, and subsequent reactions of the resulting C-based radicals with O2 lead to diverse products with good selectivity, depending on the structure of the substrate. Oxidation of 4a, in which the 2-acyl group is part of a cyclic acenaphthenone unit, yields a heterocyclic C-hydroperoxylaminal via 1,2-acyl migration. Oxidation of 5a, which contains a 2-acetyl group, yields peracetic acid and a quinazolinone product. Oxidation of 6a forms a bis(quinazolinone) by net dehydrogenation.
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Takeda T, Akutagawa T. Anisotropic Dissociation of π-π Stacking and Flipping-Motion-Induced Crystal Jumping in Alkylacridones and Their Dicyanomethylene Derivatives. Chemistry 2016; 22:7763-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; Tohoku University; Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; Tohoku University; Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
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26
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Nishiuchi T, Uno SY, Hirao Y, Kubo T. Intramolecular Interaction, Photoisomerization, and Mechanical C-C Bond Dissociation of 1,2-Di(9-anthryl)benzene and Its Photoisomer: A Fundamental Moiety of Anthracene-Based π-Cluster Molecules. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2106-12. [PMID: 26828776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report variable and unique properties of 1,2-di(9-anthryl)benzene 1 as a fundamental moiety of anthracene-based π-cluster molecules. Due to a through-space π-conjugation between anthracene units, excimer emission at room temperature and charge delocalized state in radical cation state of 1 could be observed. Photoirradiation to 1 afforded an intramolecular [4 + 4] cyclized anthracene dimer 1' having a high strain energy with long C-C bond that exceeded 1.68 Å, resulting in C-C bond dissociation by simple mechanical grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Uno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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27
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Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Fukuda Y, Hong W, Sakai T, Kurokawa T, Chung UI, Gong JP. Yielding Criteria of Double Network Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Hong
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-2271, United States
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Graduate
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Ung-il Chung
- Graduate
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Uchimura Y, Takeda T, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. New Insights into the Hexaphenylethane Riddle: Formation of an α,o-Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4010-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Uchimura Y, Takeda T, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. New Insights into the Hexaphenylethane Riddle: Formation of an α,o-Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Wang G, Guino-o MA, Glueck DS, Golen JA, Daley CJA, Rheingold AL. Synthesis of a phosphapyracene via metal-mediated cyclization: structural and reactivity effects of acenaphthene precursors. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9943-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A small structural change (naphthalene to acenaphthene) had large effects on reactivity, slowing Pt-mediated phosphination/cyclization; the new heterocycle PyraPhos was prepared with a simple Cu catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- 6128 Burke Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Dartmouth College
- Hanover
- USA
| | | | - David S. Glueck
- 6128 Burke Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Dartmouth College
- Hanover
- USA
| | - James A. Golen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
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31
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Suzuki T, Takeda T, Ohta E, Wada K, Katoono R, Kawai H, Fujiwara K. Bis(10-methylacridinium)s as a Versatile Platform for Redox-Active Functionalized Dyes and Novel Structures. CHEM REC 2014; 15:280-94. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Eisuke Ohta
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Wada
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
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32
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Humason A, Zou W, Cremer D. 11,11-dimethyl-1,6-methano[10]annulene--an annulene with an ultralong CC bond or a fluxional molecule? J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:1666-82. [PMID: 25333314 DOI: 10.1021/jp5082966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Extensive quantum chemical calculations involving more than 20 different methods and including vibrational, temperature, entropic, and environmental corrections suggest that 11,11-dimethyl-1,6-methano[10]annulene (1) is characterized by a broad, asymmetric single well potential minimum in which the molecule can carry out a large-amplitude vibration. This result is obtained by using CASPT2(14,14) and CCSD(T) together with a VTZ basis set. The average R(C1C6) distance of 1 is close to 1.8 Å, in agreement with X-ray diffraction measurements. Lower level methods fail because a reliable account of the electronic structure of bridged annulenes requires a balanced description of nondynamical and dynamical electron correlation effects as well as a correct assessment of bridge-annulene interactions. An independent determination of the distance R using the mean deviation between the calculated and measured (13)C NMR chemical shifts of 1 leads to a value of 1.79 Å. By using electron density, energy density, and the local C1C6 stretching mode, it is demonstrated that the covalent bond ceases to exist at 1.695 Å and that for larger R values through-space homoaromatic interactions lead to some stabilization. The peculiar potential of 1 is shown to be a result of the interaction of the methyl groups with the perimeter CC bonds bisected by the symmetry plane of the molecule. CASPT2(14,14), CASPT2(10,10), CCSD(T), and BD(T) calculations were also used to provide for the first time reliable descriptions of the valence tautomeric potentials for the parent molecule, 1,6-methano[10]annulene (2), and the system 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene-norcardiene (3). In the latter case, calculations confirm a previous kinetic measurement of the free activation energy but correct NMR-based estimates. The methodology described can be applied to other annulenes and fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Humason
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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Bortoluzzi M, Ciabatti I, Femoni C, Hayatifar M, Iapalucci MC, Longoni G, Zacchini S. Peraurated nickel carbide carbonyl clusters: the cationic [Ni6(C)(CO)8(AuPPh3)8]2+monocarbide and the [Ni12(C)(C2)(CO)17(AuPPh3)3]−anion containing one carbide and one acetylide unit. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:13471-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Takeda T, Uchimura Y, Kawai H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Preparation and structure of acenaphthylene-1,2-diyldi(9-acridine) derivatives with a long CC bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3924-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Rodriguez R, Troadec T, Gau D, Saffon-Merceron N, Hashizume D, Miqueu K, Sotiropoulos JM, Baceiredo A, Kato T. Synthesis of a Donor-Stabilized Silacyclopropan-1-one. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4426-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Suzuki T, Sakano Y, Iwai T, Iwashita S, Miura Y, Katoono R, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Tsuji Y, Fukushima T. 7,7,8,8-Tetraaryl-o-quinodimethane Stabilized by Dibenzo Annulation: A Helical π-Electron System That Exhibits Electrochromic and Unique Chiroptical Properties. Chemistry 2012; 19:117-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Fokin AA, Chernish LV, Gunchenko PA, Tikhonchuk EY, Hausmann H, Serafin M, Dahl JEP, Carlson RMK, Schreiner PR. Stable alkanes containing very long carbon-carbon bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13641-50. [PMID: 22835264 DOI: 10.1021/ja302258q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metal-induced coupling of tertiary diamondoid bromides gave highly sterically congested hydrocarbon (hetero)dimers with exceptionally long central C-C bonds of up to 1.71 Å in 2-(1-diamantyl)[121]tetramantane. Yet, these dimers are thermally very stable even at temperatures above 200 °C, which is not in line with common C-C bond length versus bond strengths correlations. We suggest that the extraordinary stabilization arises from numerous intramolecular van der Waals attractions between the neighboring H-terminated diamond-like surfaces. The C-C bond rotational dynamics of 1-(1-adamantyl)diamantane, 1-(1-diamantyl)diamantane, 2-(1-adamantyl)triamantane, 2-(1-diamantyl)triamantane, and 2-(1-diamantyl)[121]tetramantane were studied through variable-temperature (1)H- and (13)C NMR spectroscopies. The shapes of the inward (endo) CH surfaces determine the dynamic behavior, changing the central C-C bond rotation barriers from 7 to 33 kcal mol(-1). We probe the ability of popular density functional theory (DFT) approaches (including BLYP, B3LYP, B98, B3LYP-Dn, B97D, B3PW91, BHandHLYP, B3P86, PBE1PBE, wB97XD, and M06-2X) with 6-31G(d,p) and cc-pVDZ basis sets to describe such an unusual bonding situation. Only functionals accounting for dispersion are able to reproduce the experimental geometries, while most DFT functionals are able to reproduce the experimental rotational barriers due to error cancellations. Computations on larger diamondoids reveal that the interplay between the shapes and the sizes of the CH surfaces may even allow the preparation of open-shell alkyl radical dimers (and possibly polymers) that are strongly held together exclusively by dispersion forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, pr. Pobedy 37, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, United States
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, United States
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Ishigaki Y, Suzuki T, Nishida JI, Nagaki A, Takabayashi N, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Yoshida JI. Hysteretic Tricolor Electrochromic Systems Based on the Dynamic Redox Properties of Unsymmetrically Substituted Dihydrophenanthrenes and Biphenyl-2,2'-Diyl Dications: Efficient Precursor Synthesis by a Flow Microreactor Method. MATERIALS 2011; 4:1906-1926. [PMID: 28824114 PMCID: PMC5448844 DOI: 10.3390/ma4111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of biphenyl-2,2'-diylbis(diarylmethanol)s 3, which have two kinds of aryl groups at the bay region, were efficiently obtained by integrated flow microreactor synthesis. The diols 3NO/NX are the precursors of unsymmetric biphenylic dications 2NO/NX2+, which are transformed into the corresponding dihydrophenanthrenes 1NO/NX via 2NO/NX+• upon reduction, when they exhibit two-stage color changes. On the other hand, the steady-state concentration of the intermediate 2NO/NX+• is negligible during the oxidation of 1NO/NX to 2NO/NX2+, which reflects unique tricolor electrochromicity with a hysteretic pattern of color change [color 1→color 2→color 3→color 1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Nishida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan.
| | - Naofumi Takabayashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan.
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Hayashi N, Sato K, Sato Y, Iwagami M, Nishimura N, Yoshino J, Higuchi H, Sato T. Elongation of phenoxide C-O bonds due to formation of multifold hydrogen bonds: statistical, experimental, and theoretical studies. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5747-58. [PMID: 21627124 DOI: 10.1021/jo200852r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Statistical studies using the Cambridge Structural Database have revealed that there are several elongated phenoxide C-O bonds. They are characterized by the formation of 3-fold (or occasionally 2-fold) hydrogen bonds to the phenoxide oxygen atoms, and their mean bond length extends up to 1.320 Å, which is quite different from the theoretically predicted carbon-oxygen bond length of C(6)H(5)O(-) (1.26 Å). Elongated phenoxide C-O bonds associated with the formation of 3-fold hydrogen bonds were also observed in the X-ray structures of proton-transfer complexes (2X-O(-))(TEAH(+))s derived from 5'-X-substituted 5,5''-dimethyl-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl-2,2',2''-triols (2X-OHs, where X = NO(2), CN, COOCH(3), Cl, F, H, and CH(3)) and triethylamine (TEA). By comparing the X-ray structures, C-O bond elongation was found to be only slightly affected by an electron-withdrawing substituent at the para position (X). This along with strong bathochromic shifts of N-H(···O(-)) and O-H(···O(-)) stretching vibrations in the IR spectra indicates that the elongated C-O bonds in (2X-O(-))(TEAH(+))s essentially have single-bond character. This is further confirmed by molecular orbital calculations on a model complex, showing that the negatively charged phenoxide oxygen atom is no longer conjugated to the central benzene ring, and the NICS values of the three benzene rings are virtually identical. However, C-O bond elongation in (2X-O(-))(TEAH(+))s was considerably influenced by a change in the hydrogen-bond geometry. This also suggests that hydrogen bonds significantly affect phenoxide C-O bond elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan.
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Suzuki T, Yoshimoto Y, Wada K, Takeda T, Kawai H, Fujiwara K. Phenanthrene-4,5-diylbis(10-methylacridinium) with a Short C+ - - C+ Contact: Preparation, Molecular Structure, Redox Properties, and Electrochromic Interconversion with Dihydropyrene Derivative. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-s(s)35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y, Iwai T, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Ikeda H, Kano Y, Mizuno K. Multi-Input/Multi-Output Molecular Response System Based on the Dynamic Redox Behavior of 3,3,4,4-Tetraaryldihydro[5]helicene Derivatives: Reversible Formation/Destruction of Chiral Fluorophore and Modulation of Chiroptical Properties by Solvent Polarity. Chemistry 2009; 15:9434-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Alkorta I, Blanco F, Elguero J, Dobado JA, Ferrer SM, Vidal I. Carbon···Carbon Weak Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8387-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Blanco
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José A. Dobado
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Melchor Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isaac Vidal
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Takeda T, Kawai H, Herges R, Mucke E, Sawai Y, Murakoshi K, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Negligible diradical character for the ultralong C–C bond in 1,1,2,2-tetraarylpyracene derivatives at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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