1
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Das S, Datta A. London Dispersion Interactions Imitate Pressure for Molecular Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6355-6360. [PMID: 37418634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The packing of molecular crystals, in which the constituent molecular units have no directional forces, is primarily controlled by weak London dispersion (LD) forces. These forces assist in stabilizing the system by bringing the molecular units into the proximity of each other. In this paper, the same effect is shown to be externally induced by pressure. The minimal pressure required to correctly describe the crystal structure without LD interactions (PLD) provides a quantifiable measure for the weak intermolecular interactions. LD forces are shown to be essential for an accurate description of the pressure-induced phase transitions across examples of linear, trigonal-planar, square-planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal, India
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2
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Cooper VR, Krogel JT, Donald KJ. From Molecules to Solids: A vdW-DF-C09 Case Study of the Mercury Dihalides. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3978-3985. [PMID: 33724850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mercury dihalides show a remarkable diversity in the structural preferences in their minimum energy structure types, spanning molecular to strongly bound ionic solids. A challenge in the development of density functional methods for extended systems is to arrive at strategies that serve equally well such a broad range of bonding modes or structural preferences. The chemical bonding and the stabilities of mercury dihalides and the general utility and reliability of the van der Waals density functional with C09 exchange (vdW-DF-C09) in predicting or describing the energetics and structural preferences in these metal dihalides is examined. We show that, in contrast with the uncorrected generalized gradient approximation of the Perdew-Burke-Erzenhoff (PBE) exchange-correlation functional, qualitative and quantitative patterns in the bonding of the mercury dihalide solids are well reproduced with vdW-DF-C09 for the full series of HgX2 systems for X = F, Cl, Br, and I. The possible existence of a low-temperature cotunnite polymorph for HgF2 and PbF2 is posited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino R Cooper
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jaron T Krogel
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kelling J Donald
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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3
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Slack ED, Seupel R, Aue DH, Bringmann G, Lipshutz BH. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of the Fourfold
ortho
‐Substituted Naphthyltetrahydroisoquinoline Biaryl
O
,
N
‐Dimethylhamatine. Chemistry 2019; 25:14237-14245. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Slack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara 93106 USA
| | - Raina Seupel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Donald H. Aue
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara 93106 USA
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara 93106 USA
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreeth Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Bernard K. Wittmaack
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Kelling J. Donald
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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5
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Wilkin OM, Harris N, Rooms JF, Dixon EL, Bridgeman AJ, Young NA. How Inert, Perturbing, or Interacting Are Cryogenic Matrices? A Combined Spectroscopic (Infrared, Electronic, and X-ray Absorption) and DFT Investigation of Matrix-Isolated Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc Dibromides. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1994-2029. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Wilkin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - Neil Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - John F. Rooms
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - Emma L. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
| | - Adam J. Bridgeman
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nigel A. Young
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6
7RX, U.K
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6
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Preparation and characterization of poly (itaconic acid)-grafted crosslinked chitosan nanoadsorbent for high uptake of Hg2+ and Pb2+. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:954-961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Echeverría J, Cirera J, Alvarez S. Mercurophilic interactions: a theoretical study on the importance of ligands. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11645-11654. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A combined structural and theoretical analysis allowed us to determine the factors that favor the establishment of short Hg(ii)⋯Hg(ii) contacts based on metallophilic attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Echeverría
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció d'Inorgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció d'Inorgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció d'Inorgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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8
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Athira C, Sunoj RB. Role of Lewis acid additives in a palladium catalyzed directed C-H functionalization reaction of benzohydroxamic acid to isoxazolone. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 15:246-255. [PMID: 27901171 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallic salts as well as protic additives are widely employed in transition metal catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions to improve the efficiency of catalytic protocols. In one such example, ZnCl2 and pivalic acid are used as additives in a palladium catalyzed synthesis of isoxazolone from a readily available benzohydroxamic acid under one pot conditions. In this article, we present some important mechanistic insights into the role of ZnCl2 and pivalic acid, gained by using density functional theory (M06) computations. Two interesting modes of action of ZnCl2 are identified in various catalytic steps involved in the formation of isoxazolone. The conventional Lewis acid coordination wherein zinc chloride (ZnCl2·(DMA)) binds to the carbonyl group is found to be more favored in the C-H activation step. However, the participation of a hetero-bimetallic Pd-Zn species is preferred in reductive elimination leading to Caryl-N bond formation. Pivalic acid helps in relay proton transfer in C-H bond activation through a cyclometallation deprotonation (CMD) process. The explicit inclusion of ZnCl2 and solvent N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA) stabilizes the transition state and also helps reduce the activation barrier for the C-H bond activation step. The electronic communication between the two metal species is playing a crucial role in stabilizing the Caryl-N bond formation transition state through a Pd-Zn hetero-bimetallic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Athira
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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9
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10
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Donald KJ, Kretz WJ, Omorodion O. The HgF2Ionic Switch: A Triumph of Electrostatics against Relativistic Odds. Chemistry 2015; 21:16848-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Thakkar AJ, Wu T. How well do static electronic dipole polarizabilities from gas-phase experiments compare with density functional and MP2 computations? J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Structure, bonding, relativistic effects, and dispersion in the group 12 dihalide (MX2)3 clusters, with lessons from the extended solids. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Cooper VR, Donald KJ. First Principles Predictions of Van Der Waals Bonded Inorganic Crystal Structures: Test Case, HgCl2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2015.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Lian P, Guo HB, Riccardi D, Dong A, Parks JM, Xu Q, Pai EF, Miller SM, Wei DQ, Smith JC, Guo H. X-ray structure of a Hg2+ complex of mercuric reductase (MerA) and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical study of Hg2+ transfer between the C-terminal and buried catalytic site cysteine pairs. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7211-22. [PMID: 25343681 PMCID: PMC4245977 DOI: 10.1021/bi500608u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mercuric reductase, MerA, is a key
enzyme in bacterial mercury
resistance. This homodimeric enzyme captures and reduces toxic Hg2+ to Hg0, which is relatively unreactive and can
exit the cell passively. Prior to reduction, the Hg2+ is
transferred from a pair of cysteines (C558′ and C559′
using Tn501 numbering) at the C-terminus of one monomer
to another pair of cysteines (C136 and C141) in the catalytic site
of the other monomer. Here, we present the X-ray structure of the
C-terminal Hg2+ complex of the C136A/C141A double mutant
of the Tn501 MerA catalytic core and explore the
molecular mechanism of this Hg transfer with quantum mechanical/molecular
mechanical (QM/MM) calculations. The transfer is found to be nearly
thermoneutral and to pass through a stable tricoordinated intermediate
that is marginally less stable than the two end states. For the overall
process, Hg2+ is always paired with at least two thiolates
and thus is present at both the C-terminal and catalytic binding sites
as a neutral complex. Prior to Hg2+ transfer, C141 is negatively
charged. As Hg2+ is transferred into the catalytic site,
a proton is transferred from C136 to C559′ while C558′
becomes negatively charged, resulting in the net transfer of a negative
charge over a distance of ∼7.5 Å. Thus, the transport
of this soft divalent cation is made energetically feasible by pairing
a competition between multiple Cys thiols and/or thiolates for Hg2+ with a competition between the Hg2+ and protons
for the thiolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lian
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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15
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Kanters RPF, Donald KJ. cluster: Searching for Unique Low Energy Minima of Structures Using a Novel Implementation of a Genetic Algorithm. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:5729-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- René P. F. Kanters
- Department of Chemistry,
Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Kelling J. Donald
- Department of Chemistry,
Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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16
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Ramírez-Solís A, Maron L. Aqueous microsolvation of CdCl₂: density functional theory and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics studies. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:094304. [PMID: 25194369 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a systematic study of aqueous microsolvation of CdCl2. The optimized structures and binding energies of the CdCl2-(H2O)n clusters with n = 1-24 have been computed at the B3PW91/6-31G** level. The solvation patterns obtained at the DFT level are verified at the MP2/AVTZ level for n < 6. Unlike HgCl2-(H2O)n case, where there are at most three Hg-O(w) orbital interactions, Cd also establishes four equatorial orbital interactions with water for n > 6 leading to a planar square bipyramid hexacoordination around Cd. The first solvation shell is fully attained with 12 water molecules. At the same level of theory the water binding energies are much larger than those previously found for HgCl2 due to the stronger Cd-O(w) interactions arising from the smaller core of Cd. For the largest system studied, CdCl2-(H2O)24, both penta- and hexa-coordination stable patterns around Cd are found. However, Born-Opphenheimer molecular dynamics simulations starting from these optimized geometries at 700 K reveal the greater stability of the Cd-pentacoordinated species, where a CdCl2-(H2O)3 trigonal bipyramid effective solute appears. The Cd-O(water) radial distribution function shows a bimodal distribution with two maxima at 2.4 Å and 4.2 Å, revealing the different coordination spheres, even with such a small number of solvating water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramírez-Solís
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de Nano-Objets, INSA-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse III, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, F31077, France
| | - L Maron
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de Nano-Objets, INSA-IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse III, 135, Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, F31077, France
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17
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Tamang SR, Son JH, Hoefelmeyer JD. Preparation of RHgCl via transmetalation of (8-quinolyl)SnMe3and redistribution to R2Hg (R = 8-quinolyl): a highly distorted diorganomercury(ii) with 84 degree C–Hg–C angle. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:7139-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Riccardi D, Guo HB, Parks JM, Gu B, Liang L, Smith JC. Cluster-Continuum Calculations of Hydration Free Energies of Anions and Group 12 Divalent Cations. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 9:555-69. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demian Riccardi
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular
Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and
Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hao-Bo Guo
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular
Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
| | - Jerry M. Parks
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular
Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Science Division,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United
States
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Environmental Science Division,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United
States
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular
Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and
Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee 37996, United States
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19
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Demoin DW, Li Y, Jurisson SS, Deakyne CA. Method and Basis Set Analysis of Oxorhenium(V) Complexes for Theoretical Calculations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012; 997:34-41. [PMID: 23087847 DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of method and basis set combinations has been evaluated for monooxorhenium(V) complexes with N, O, P, S, Cl, and Se donor atoms. The geometries and energies obtained are compared to both high-level computations and literature structures. These calculations show that the PBE0 method outperforms the B3LYP method with respect to both structure and energetics. The combination of 6-31G** basis set on the nonmetal atoms and LANL2TZ effective core potential on the rhenium center gives reliable equilibrium structures with minimal computational resources for both model and literature compounds. Single-point energy calculations at the PBE0/LANL2TZ,6-311+G* level of theory are recommended for energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Wayne Demoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600
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20
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Comprehensive study of the structure of aluminum trihalides from electron diffraction and computation. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Tavčar G, Mazej Z. Crystal structures of mixed oxonium–cadmium(II) salts with [SbF6]−/[Sb2F11]− anions: From complex chains to layers and three-dimensional frameworks. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Ponikvar-Svet M, Liebman JF. Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry, the Journal (volume 22, 2011, issues 1–3) and the discipline. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Davis RL, Leverett CA, Romo D, Tantillo DJ. Switching between Concerted and Stepwise Mechanisms for Dyotropic Rearrangements of β-Lactones Leading to Spirocyclic, Bridged γ-Butyrolactones. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7167-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2012175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Leverett
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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24
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Siemeling U, Klemann T, Bruhn C, Schulz J, Štěpnička P. The coordination behaviour of ferrocene-based pyridylphosphine ligands towards Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4722-40. [PMID: 21431151 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01810d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Group 12 metal dihalides MX(2) with the P,N-ligands [Fe(C(5)H(4)-PPh(2))(C(5)H(4)-2-py)] (1) (2-py = pyrid-2-yl), [Fe(C(5)H(4)-PPh(2))(C(5)H(4)-CH(2)-2-py)] (2) and [Fe(C(5)H(4)-PPh(2))(C(5)H(4)-3-py)] (3) (3-py = pyrid-3-yl) was investigated. For a 1 : 1 molar ratio of MX(2) and the respective ligand, three structure types were found in the solid state, viz. chelate, cyclic dimer and chain-like coordination polymer. The M(II) coordination environment is distorted pseudo-tetrahedral in each case. The P-M-N angle is much larger in the chelates (≥119°) than in the ligand-bridged structures (≤109°). 1 prefers the formation of chelates [MX(2)(1-κ(2)N,P)]. 3 forms coordination polymers [MX(2)(μ-3)](n). With the more flexible 2 all three structure types can occur. Dynamic coordination equilibria were observed in solution for the molecular complexes obtained with 1 and 2. NMR data indicate that the N- and P-donor sites interact most strongly with Zn(II) and Hg(II), respectively. While the formation of bis(phosphine)mercury complexes (soft-soft) was easily achieved, no bis(pyridine)zinc complex (borderline-borderline) could be obtained, which is surprising in view of the HSAB principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.
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25
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26
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Donald KJ, Bober M. Predicting the Relative Stability of Simple versus ansa-Sandwich Systems Across Groups: Structure, Bonding, and (In)Stability in Tris(sandwich)benzene Complexes. Chemistry 2011; 17:1936-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Kim J, Ihee H, Lee YS. Spin-orbit density functional and ab initio study of HgXn (X=F, Cl, Br, and I; n=1, 2, and 4). J Chem Phys 2010; 133:144309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3497189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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28
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Craciun S, Donald KJ. Radical Bonding: Structure and Stability of Bis(Phenalenyl) Complexes of Divalent Metals from across the Periodic Table. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:5810-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900058q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smaranda Craciun
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173
| | - Kelling J. Donald
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173
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29
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Abstract
Metal halides are a relatively large class of inorganic compounds that participate in many industrial processes, from halogen metallurgy to the production of semiconductors. Because most metal halides are ionic crystals at ambient conditions, the term "molecular metal halides" usually refers to vapor-phase species. These gas-phase molecules have a special place in basic research because they exhibit the widest range of chemical bonding from the purely ionic to mostly covalent bonding through to weakly interacting systems. Although our focus is basic research, knowledge of the structural and thermodynamic properties of gas-phase metal halides is also important in industrial processes. In this Account, we review our most recent work on metal halide molecular structures. Our studies are based on electron diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy, and increasingly, we have augmented our experimental work with quantum chemical computations. Using both experimental and computational techniques has enabled us to determine intriguing structural effects with better accuracy than using either technique alone. We loosely group our discussion based on structural effects including "floppiness", relativistic effects, vibronic interactions, and finally, undiscovered molecules with computational thermodynamic stability. Floppiness, or serious "nonrigidity", is a typical characteristic of metal halides and makes their study challenging for both experimentalists and theoreticians. Relativistic effects are mostly responsible for the unique structure of gold and mercury halides. These molecules have shorter-than-expected bonds and often have unusual geometrical configurations. The gold monohalide and mercury dihalide dimers and the molecular-type crystal structure of HgCl(2) are examples. We also examined spin-orbit coupling and the possible effect of the 4f electrons on the structure of lanthanide trihalides. Unexpectedly, we found that the geometry of their dimers depends on the f electron configuration. Metal halides are unique in exhibiting strong vibronic interactions such as the Jahn-Teller effect and the related Renner-Teller effect. Some metal trihalide molecules have an almost T-shape due to static Jahn-Teller distortions. The nonlinear structure with a 150 degree bond angle of the chromium dichloride molecule demonstrates the Renner-Teller effect. Finally, we present a few examples of unknown structures that appear to be thermodynamically stable, including gold and silver triiodides and all silver subhalides. The combination of experimental and computational techniques has brought new insights to the structural chemistry of metal halides. We expect that the continuing progress in computational chemistry will shed further light on the intricate details of these and other molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Hargittai
- Materials Structure and Modeling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
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