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Lalli D, Hawala I, Ricci M, Carniato F, D'Andrea LD, Tei L, Botta M. Derivatives of GdAAZTA Conjugated to Amino Acids: A Multinuclear and Multifrequency NMR Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13199-13209. [PMID: 35944034 PMCID: PMC9400103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The GdAAZTA (AAZTA = 6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic
acid) complex represents a platform of great interest for the design
of innovative MRI probes due to its remarkable magnetic properties,
thermodynamic stability, kinetic inertness, and high chemical versatility.
Here, we detail the synthesis and characterization of new derivatives
functionalized with four amino acids with different molecular weights
and charges: l-serine, l-cysteine, l-lysine,
and l-glutamic acid. The main reason for conjugating these
moieties to the ligand AAZTA is the in-depth study of the chemical
properties in aqueous solution of model compounds that mimic complex
structures based on polypeptide fragments used in molecular imaging
applications. The analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the
corresponding Eu(III)-complexes indicates the presence of a single
isomeric species in solution, and measurements of the luminescence
lifetimes show that functionalization with amino acid residues maintains
the hydration state of the parent complex unaltered (q = 2). The relaxometric properties of the Gd(III) chelates were analyzed
by multinuclear and multifrequency NMR techniques to evaluate the
molecular parameters that determine their performance as MRI probes.
The relaxivity values of all of the novel chelates are higher than
that of GdAAZTA over the entire range of applied magnetic fields because
of the slower rotational dynamics. Data obtained in reconstituted
human serum indicate the occurrence of weak interactions with the
proteins, which result in larger relaxivity values at the typical
imaging fields. Finally, all of the new complexes are characterized
by excellent chemical stability in biological matrices over time,
by the absence of transmetallation processes, or the formation of
ternary complexes with oxyanions of biological relevance. In particular,
the kinetic stability of the new complexes, measured by monitoring
the release of Gd3+ in the presence of a large excess of
Zn2+, is ca. two orders of magnitude higher than that of
the clinical MRI contrast agent GdDTPA. Novel
GdAAZTA derivatives conjugated to four amino acids
were synthesized and characterized through a multi-technique approach.
The complexes maintained the favorable thermodynamic and kinetic properties
of the parent compound and showed higher relaxivity values in clinical
fields. Therefore, they represent a useful model of more complex bio-conjugated
structures used in molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ivan Hawala
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Marco Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luca D D'Andrea
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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2
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Liu S, Tang X, Nie D, Jiang S, Tang G. Efficient synthesis of (2 S)- tert-butyl 2-(2-bromopropanamido)-5-oxo-5-(tritylamino)pentanoate as a precursor of PET radiotracer [ 18F]FPGLN. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1315671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shende Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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May glutamine addiction drive the delivery of antitumor cisplatin-based Pt(IV) prodrugs? J Inorg Biochem 2016; 167:27-35. [PMID: 27898344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A small series of Pt(IV) prodrugs containing Gln-like (Gln=glutamine) axial ligands has been designed with the aim to take advantage of the increased demand of Gln showed by some cancer cells (glutamine addiction). In complex 4 the Gln, linked through the α-carboxylic group is recognized by the Gln transporters, in particular by the solute carrier transporter SLC1A5. All compounds showed cellular accumulation, as well as antiproliferative activity, related to their lipophilicity, as already demonstrated for the majority of Pt(IV) prodrugs, that enter cells mainly by passive diffusion. On the contrary, when the Gln concentration in cell medium is near or lower to the physiological value, complex 4 acts as a Trojan horse: it enters SLC1A5-overexpressing cells, where, upon reduction, it releases the active metabolite cisplatin and the Gln-containing ligand, thus preventing any possible extrusion by the L-type amino acid transporter LAT1. This selective mechanism could decrease off-target accumulation of 4 and, consequently, Pt-associated side-effects.
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4
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Nair RN, Bannister TD. Tale of Two Protecting Groups—Boc vs SEM—for Directed Lithiation and C–C Bond Formation on a Pyrrolopyridazinone Core. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reji N. Nair
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Thomas D. Bannister
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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5
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Zhang L, Liu R, Peng H, Li P, Xu Z, Whittaker AK. The evolution of gadolinium based contrast agents: from single-modality to multi-modality. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10491-10510. [PMID: 27159645 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are extensively used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their outstanding signal enhancement and ease of chemical modification. However, it is increasingly recognized that information obtained from single modal molecular imaging cannot satisfy the higher requirements on the efficiency and accuracy for clinical diagnosis and medical research, due to its limitation and default rooted in single molecular imaging technique itself. To compensate for the deficiencies of single function magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, the combination of multi-modality imaging has turned to be the research hotpot in recent years. This review presents an overview on the recent developments of the functionalization of gadolinium-based contrast agents, and their application in biomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advance Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advance Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advance Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
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6
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Nair RN, Mishra JK, Li F, Tortosa M, Yang C, Doherty JR, Cameron M, Cleveland JL, Roush WR, Bannister TD. Exploiting the co-reliance of tumours upon transport of amino acids and lactate: Gln and Tyr conjugates of MCT1 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:900-905. [PMID: 27347360 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine and tyrosine-based amino acid conjugates of monocarboxylate transporter types 1 and 2 inhibitors (MCT1/2) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potency in blocking the proliferation of a human B lymphoma cell line that expresses the transporters Asct2, LAT1 and MCT1. Appropriate placement of an amino acid transporter recognition element was shown to augment anti-tumour efficacy vs. Raji cells. Amino acid conjugation also improves the pharmacodynamic properties of experimental MCT1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji N Nair
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jitendra K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Fangzheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joanne R Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 110 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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7
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Glöggler S, Wagner S, Bouchard LS. Hyperpolarization of amino acid derivatives in water for biological applications. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4261-4266. [PMID: 29218193 PMCID: PMC5707458 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the successful synthesis and hyperpolarization of N-unprotected α-amino acid ethyl propionate esters and extensively, on an alanine derivative hyperpolarized by PHIP (4.4 ± 1.0% 13C-polarization), meeting required levels for in vivo detection. Using water as solvent increases biocompatibility and the absence of N-protection is expected to maintain biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glöggler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA .
| | - S Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute , Cedars Sinai Medical Center , 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building G149E , Los Angeles , California 90048-1804 , USA
| | - L-S Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA .
- California NanoSystems Institute , 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114 , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California at Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, RM 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600 , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA
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8
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Wiener EC, Abadjian MC, Sengar R, Vander Elst L, Van
Niekerk C, Grotjahn DB, Leung PY, Schulte C, Moore C, Rheingold AL. Bifunctional chelates optimized for molecular MRI. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6554-68. [PMID: 24933389 PMCID: PMC4095910 DOI: 10.1021/ic500085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Important requirements for exogenous dyes or contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) include an effective concentration of paramagnetic or superparamagnetic ions at the target to be imaged. We report the concise synthesis and characterization of several new enantiopure bifunctional derivatives of (α(1)R,α(4)R,α(7)R,α(10)R)-α(1),α(4),α(7),α(10)-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTMA) (and their 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) analogues as controls) that can be covalently attached to a contrast agent delivery system using either click or peptide coupling chemistry. Gd complexes of these derivatives can be attached to delivery systems while maintaining optimal water residence time for increased molecular imaging sensitivity. Long chain biotin (LC-biotin) derivatives of the Eu(III) and Gd(III) chelates associated with avidin are used to demonstrate higher efficiencies. Variable-temperature relaxometry, (17)O NMR, and nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD) spectroscopy used on the complexes and biotin-avidin adducts measure the influence of water residence time and rotational correlation time on constrained and unconstrained systems. The Gd(III)-DOTMA derivative has a shorter water residence time than the Gd(III)-DOTA derivative. Compared to the constrained Gd(III)-DOTA derivatives, the rotationally constrained Gd(III)-DOTMA derivative has ∼40% higher relaxivity at 37 °C, which could increase its sensitivity as an MRI agent as well as reduce the dose of the targeting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. Wiener
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center, 5117
Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marie-Caline Abadjian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Raghvendra Sengar
- Hillman
Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center, 5117
Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department
of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Hainaut, Belgium
| | - Christoffel Van
Niekerk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Po Yee Leung
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Christie Schulte
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Curtis
E. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0385, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0385, United States
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9
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Yang CT, Chandrasekharan P, He T, Poh Z, Raju A, Chuang KH, Robins EG. An intravascular MRI contrast agent based on Gd(DO3A-Lys) for tumor angiography. Biomaterials 2013; 35:327-36. [PMID: 24138829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An intravascular MRI contrast agent Gd(DO3A-Lys), Gadolinium(III) (2,2',2″-(10-(3-(5-benzamido-6-methoxy-6-oxohexylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate), has been studied for tumor angiography based on its high relaxivity and long blood half-life. The preparation procedures of the contrast agent have been modified in order to achieve higher yield and improve the synthetic reproducibility. High relaxivity of Gd(DO3A-Lys) has been confirmed by measurements at 3 T, 7 T and 9.4 T magnetic fields. The relaxivity-dependent albumin binding study indicated that Gd(DO3A-Lys) partially bound to albumin protein. In vitro cell viability in HK2 cell indicated low cytotoxicity of Gd(DO3A-Lys) up to 1.2 mM [Gd] concentration. In vivo toxicity studies demonstrated no toxicity of Gd(DO3A-Lys) on kidney tissues up to 0.2 mM [Gd]. While the toxicity on liver tissue was not observed at low dosage (1.0 mM [Gd]), Gd(DO3A-Lys) cause certain damage on hepatic tissue at high dosage (2.0 mM [Gd]). The DO3A-Lys has been labeled with (68)Ga radioisotope for biodistribution studies. (68)Ga(DO3A-Lys) has high uptake in both HT1080 and U87MG xenograft tumors, and has high accumulation in blood. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in mice bearing U87MG xenograft tumor demonstrated that Gd(DO3A-Lys) could enhance vascular microenvironment around the tumor, and displays promising characteristics of an MRI contrast agent for tumor angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore.
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10
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Synthesis, characterization, and biological studies of emissive rhenium–glutamine conjugates. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:831-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Synthesis and radiolabelling of DOTA-linked glutamine analogues with ⁶⁷,⁶⁸Ga as markers for increased glutamine metabolism in tumour cells. Molecules 2013; 18:7160-78. [PMID: 23783455 PMCID: PMC6270456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18067160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DOTA-linked glutamine analogues with a C6- alkyl and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chain between the chelating group and the l-glutamine moiety were synthesised and labelled with 67,68Ga using established methods. High yields were achieved for the radiolabelling of the molecules with both radionuclides (>90%), although conversion of the commercially available 67Ga-citrate to the chloride species was a requirement for consistent high radiochemical yields. The generator produced 68Ga was in the [68Ga(OH)4]− form. The 67Ga complexes and the 67Ga complexes were demonstrated to be stable in PBS buffer for a week. Uptake studies were performed with longer lived 67Ga analogues against four tumour cell lines, as well as uptake inhibition studies against l-glutamine, and two known amino acid transporter inhibitors. Marginal uptake was exhibited in the PEG variant radio-complex, and inhibition studies indicate this uptake is via a non-targeted amino acid pathway.
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Gadolinium chelate with DO3A conjugated 2-(diphenylphosphoryl)-ethyldiphenylphosphonium cation as potential tumor-selective MRI contrast agent. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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SIB-DOTA: a trifunctional prosthetic group potentially amenable for multi-modal labeling that enhances tumor uptake of internalizing monoclonal antibodies. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6929-39. [PMID: 23159039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major drawback of internalizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) radioiodinated with direct electrophilic approaches is that tumor retention of radioactivity is compromised by the rapid washout of iodo-tyrosine, the primary labeled catabolite for mAbs labeled via this strategy. In our continuing efforts to develop more versatile residualizing labels that could overcome this problem, we have designed SIB-DOTA, a prosthetic labeling template that combines the features of the prototypical, dehalogenation-resistant N-succinimidyl 3-iodobenzoate (SIB) with DOTA, a useful macrocyclic chelator for labeling with radiometals. Herein we describe the synthesis of the unlabeled standard of this prosthetic moiety, its protected tin precursor, and radioiodinated SIB-DOTA. An anti-EGFRvIII-reactive mAb, L8A4 was radiolabeled with [(131)I]SIB-DOTA in 27.1±6.2% (n=2) conjugation yields and its targeting properties to the same mAb labeled with [(125)I]SGMIB both in vitro and in vivo using U87MG·ΔEGFR cells and xenografts were compared. In vitro paired-label internalization assays showed that the intracellular radioactivity from [(131)I]SIB-DOTA-L8A4 was 21.4±0.5% and 26.2±1.1% of initially bound radioactivity at 16 and 24h, respectively. In comparison, these values for [(125)I]SGMIB-L8A4 were 16.7±0.5% and 14.9±1.1%. Similarly, the SIB-DOTA prosthetic group provided better tumor targeting in vivo than SGMIB over 8 d period. These results suggest that SIB-DOTA warrants further evaluation as a residualizing agent for labeling internalizing mAbs including those targeted to EGFRvIII.
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14
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Gianolio E, Stefania R, Di Gregorio E, Aime S. MRI Paramagnetic Probes for Cellular Labeling. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Kittigowittana K, Yang CT, Cheah WC, Chuang KH, Tuang CY, Chang YT, Golay X, Bates RW. Development of intravascular contrast agents for MRI using gadolinium chelates. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:781-7. [PMID: 21433294 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two MRI contrast agents (CAs) composed of Gd-DO3A conjugated to amino acid building blocks derived from glutamic acid (CA1) and lysine (CA2) have been synthesized by using novel alkyne and propionate linkers, and subsequently characterized. In vitro cell viability assays showed insignificant cytotoxicity of both CAs at low concentrations up to 0.2 mM. The longitudinal relaxivities (r(1) ) of CA1 and CA2 measured at 9.4 T are 6.4 and 5.4 mM(-1) s(-1) in H(2) O at 25 °C, respectively. Both r(1) values are higher than those of CAs in clinical use: Gd-DTPA (Magnevist, Bayer Schering, Germany) and Gd-DOTA (Dotarem, Guerbet, France). In vivo imaging in Wistar rats demonstrated considerable signal enhancement (∼50 %) in the brain artery by CA2, but lower signal enhancement (∼30 %) by CA1. In contrast to Dotarem, which showed a similar signal enhancement as CA2, the enhancement by CA2 remained high (∼30 %), even at 52 min post-injection. This demonstrates that CA2 has a much longer blood half-life (68.1 min), which could be advantageous for angiography and tissue targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisada Kittigowittana
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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16
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Dastrù W, Longo D, Aime S. Contrast agents and mechanisms. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2011; 8:e109-e115. [PMID: 24990259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MRI contrast agents are routinely used in clinical settings. Important advances in their design have been attained in the past few years to overcome sensitivity issues and to make possible molecular imaging applications by means of this modality. Besides the sensitivity enhancement of paramagnetic relaxation probes, outstanding results have been obtained in the development of novel classes of frequency-encoding agents such as chemical exchange saturation transfer and hyperpolarized (13)C-enriched molecules.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dastrù
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Centro di Imaging Molecolare, via Nizza, 52-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Longo
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Centro di Imaging Molecolare, via Nizza, 52-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Centro di Imaging Molecolare, via Nizza, 52-10126 Torino, Italy.
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Mahmoudi M, Hosseinkhani H, Hosseinkhani M, Boutry S, Simchi A, Journeay WS, Subramani K, Laurent S. Magnetic resonance imaging tracking of stem cells in vivo using iron oxide nanoparticles as a tool for the advancement of clinical regenerative medicine. Chem Rev 2010; 111:253-80. [PMID: 21077606 DOI: 10.1021/cr1001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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