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Melis DR, Burgoyne AR, Ooms M, Gasser G. Bifunctional chelators for radiorhenium: past, present and future outlook. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:217-245. [PMID: 35434629 PMCID: PMC8942221 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is an ever-expanding field of nuclear medicine that provides a personalised approach to cancer treatment while limiting toxicity to normal tissues. It involves the radiolabelling of a biological targeting vector with an appropriate therapeutic radionuclide, often facilitated by the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC) to stably link the two entities. The radioisotopes of rhenium, 186Re (t 1/2 = 90 h, 1.07 MeV β-, 137 keV γ (9%)) and 188Re (t 1/2 = 16.9 h, 2.12 MeV β-, 155 keV γ (15%)), are particularly attractive for radiotherapy because of their convenient and high-abundance β--particle emissions as well as their imageable γ-emissions and chemical similarity to technetium. As a transition metal element with multiple oxidation states and coordination numbers accessible for complexation, there is great opportunity available when it comes to developing novel BFCs for rhenium. The purpose of this review is to provide a recap on some of the past successes and failings, as well as show some more current efforts in the design of BFCs for 186/188Re. Future use of these radionuclides for radiotherapy depends on their cost-effective availability and this will also be discussed. Finally, bioconjugation strategies for radiolabelling biomolecules with 186/188Re will be touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Melis
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
| | - Andrew R Burgoyne
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Maarten Ooms
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
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2
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Braband H, Benz M, Spingler B, Conradie J, Alberto R, Ghosh A. Relativity as a Synthesis Design Principle: A Comparative Study of [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Technetium(VII) and Rhenium(VII) Trioxo Complexes with Olefins. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11090-11097. [PMID: 34255507 PMCID: PMC8388117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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The difference in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactivity between fac-[MO3(tacn)]+ (M = Re, 99Tc; tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) complexes has been reexamined
with a selection of unsaturated substrates including sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate,
norbornene, 2-butyne, and 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (2MByOH). None of
the substrates was found to react with the Re cation in water at room
temperature, whereas the 99Tc reagent cleanly yielded the [3 + 2] cycloadducts. Interestingly,
a bis-adduct was obtained as the sole product for 2MByOH, reflecting
the high reactivity of a 99TcO-enediolato monoadduct. On
the basis of scalar relativistic and nonrelativistic density functional
theory calculations of the reaction pathways, the dramatic difference
in reactivity between the two metals has now been substantially attributed to differences in relativistic effects, which are much
larger for the 5d metal. Furthermore, scalar-relativistic ΔG values were found to decrease along the series propene
> norbornene > 2-butyne > dimethylketene, indicating major variations
in the thermodynamic driving force as a function of the unsaturated
substrate. The suggestion is made that scalar-relativistic effects,
consisting of greater destabilization of the valence electrons of
the 5d elements compared with those of the 4d elements, be viewed
as a new design principle for novel 99mTc/Re radiopharmaceuticals,
as well as more generally in heavy-element coordination chemistry. Room temperature cycloaddition reactivity of fac-[99TcO3(tacn)]+ (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane)
with a variety of unsaturated substrates and the lack of such reactivity
for fac-[ReO3(tacn)]+ appears
largely attributable to much stronger relativistic effects for Re
relative to Tc, based on relativistic density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael Benz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
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3
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Grunwald AC, Scholtysik C, Hagenbach A, Abram U. One Ligand, One Metal, Seven Oxidation States: Stable Technetium Complexes with the “Kläui Ligand”. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9396-9405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Grunwald
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstraße 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Scholtysik
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstraße 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hagenbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstraße 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstraße 34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Abstract
Taking advantage of the radiation properties of 99mTc and 186/188Re and the photophysical characteristics of the {M(CO)3}+ moiety (M = Re), we developed a multifunctional silica platform with the theranostic pair 99mTc/Re with high potential for (nano)medical applications. Starting with a general screening to evaluate the most suitable mesoporous silica construct and the development of appropriate chelate systems, multifunctional mesoporous silica microparticles (SBA-15) were synthesized. These particles act as a model towards the synthesis of the corresponding nanoconstructs. The particles can be modified at the external surface with a targeting function and labeled with the {M(CO)3}+ moiety (M = 99mTc, Re) at the pore surface. Thus, a silica platform is realized, whose bioprofile is not altered by the loaded modalities. The described synthetic procedures can be applied to establish a target-specific theranostic nanoplatform, which enables the combination of fluorescence and radio imaging, with the possibility of radio- and chemotherapy.
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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7
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Poineau F, Burton-Pye BP, Sattelberger AP, Czerwinski KR, German KE, Fattahi M. Speciation and reactivity of heptavalent technetium in strong acids. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The speciation of Tc(vii) and its reactivity with H2O2, methanol and H2S in H2SO4, HClO4and HNO3is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Poineau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Benjamin P. Burton-Pye
- Department of Chemistry
- Lehman College of the City University of New York
- USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
| | | | | | - Konstantin E. German
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
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8
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Braband H, Benz M, Tooyama Y, Alberto R. Activation of [(99(m))TcO4](-) by phosphonium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4126-9. [PMID: 24622855 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonium salts in solution or bound to solid phase supports interact with the robust [(99(m))TcO4](-) anion in neutral water. This activated form of [(99(m))TcO4](-) represents a source for complexes with the fac-{(99m)Tc(VII)O3}(+) core, which can be synthesized in high yields and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Braband
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Hahn EM, Casini A, Kühn FE. Re(VII) and Tc(VII) trioxo complexes stabilized by tridentate ligands and their potential use as radiopharmaceuticals. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Braband H, Benz M, Alberto R. Synthesis of fac-{99(m)TcO3}+ complexes: Activation of [99(m)TcO4]− by phosphonium cations. Nucl Med Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wuillemin MA, Stuber WT, Fox T, Reber MJ, Brühwiler D, Alberto R, Braband H. A novel99mTc labelling strategy for the development of silica based particles for medical applications. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4260-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Braband H. High-valent technetium chemistry-new opportunities for radiopharmaceutical developments. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:270-4. [PMID: 24347394 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Braband
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstr. 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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13
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Benz M, Spingler B, Alberto R, Braband H. Toward Organometallic 99mTc Imaging Agents: Synthesis of Water-Stable 99Tc–NHC Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17566-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409499u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Benz
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Braband
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Poineau F, Weck PF, Burton-Pye BP, Denden I, Kim E, Kerlin W, German KE, Fattahi M, Francesconi LC, Sattelberger AP, Czerwinski KR. Reactivity of HTcO4 with methanol in sulfuric acid: Tc-sulfate complexes revealed by XAFS spectroscopy and first principles calculations. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4348-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32951h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sergienko VS, Churakov AV. Specific features of technetium mononuclear octahedral oxo complexes: A review. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774513010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Can D, Peindy N'Dongo HW, Spingler B, Schmutz P, Raposinho P, Santos I, Alberto R. The [(Cp)M(CO)3] (M=Re, 99mTc) Building Block for Imaging Agents and Bioinorganic Probes: Perspectives and Limitations. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1849-66. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Braband H, Imstepf S, Benz M, Spingler B, Alberto R. Combining Bifunctional Chelator with (3 + 2)-Cycloaddition Approaches: Synthesis of Dual-Function Technetium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4051-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Braband
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Imstepf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Benz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Braband H, Tooyama Y, Fox T, Simms R, Forbes J, Valliant JF, Alberto R. fac-[TcO3(tacn)]+: a versatile precursor for the labelling of pharmacophores, amino acids and carbohydrates through a new ligand-centred labelling strategy. Chemistry 2011; 17:12967-74. [PMID: 21971703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a protocol for the synthesis of [(99m)TcO(3)(tacn)](+) ([1](+)) (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) that is suitable for clinical translation. Bioconjugates containing pharmacophores ([TcO(NO(2)-Imi)(tacn)](+); [3](+)), artificial amino acids ([TcO(Fmoc-allyl-His)(tacn)](+); [5](+)), and glucose derivatives ([TcO(allyl-tetraacetylglucose)(tacn)](+); [7](+)) were synthesized by cycloaddition strategies and fully characterized ((99)Tc and (99m)Tc). These new technetium complexes are stable at neutral pH and demonstrate the potential and flexibility of the [3+2] cycloaddition labelling concept. In addition to the synthetic work, the first biodistribution studies of [1](+) and the small [3+2] cycloadduct [(99m)TcO(NO(2)-Imi)(tacn)](+) ([3](+)) were completed. The biodistribution studies suggest the stability of these complexes in vivo. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the high hydrophilicity of the [(99m)TcO(3)(tacn)](+) building block is a complement to the complexes of the fac-{Tc(CO)(3)}(+) core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Braband
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Braband H, Imstepf S, Felber M, Spingler B, Alberto R. Triazacyclohexane (tach) Complexes of High-Valent Rhenium: Syntheses of [(R3tach)ReO3]+ (R = −CH3, −CH2C6H5) and Its Substitution Reactions. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:1283-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902114p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Braband
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Imstepf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Felber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Poineau F, Weck PF, German K, Maruk A, Kirakosyan G, Lukens W, Rego DB, Sattelberger AP, Czerwinski KR. Speciation of heptavalent technetium in sulfuric acid: structural and spectroscopic studies. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8616-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Garcia R, Paulo A, Santos I. Rhenium and technetium complexes with anionic or neutral scorpionates: An overview of their relevance in biomedical applications. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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