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Trang CDM, Saal T, Inkpen MS. Methyldisulfide groups enable the direct connection of air-stable metal bis(terpyridine) complexes to gold surfaces. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7836-7842. [PMID: 37218422 PMCID: PMC10330856 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that a new terpyridine ligand comprising a directly-connected methyldisulfide group (tpySSMe) can be used to prepare a modular series of metal bis(terpyidine) complexes, [M(tpySSMe)2](PF6)2 (M = Fe, Co, Zn), suitable for the functionalization of metal surfaces. Critically, we find these complexes are air-stable in solution for >7 d, in stark contrast to their thiol-substituted analogues, [M(tpySH)2](PF6)2 (M = Fe, Co), which decompose in <1 d. While CoSH has previously been utilized in several important studies, we explicitly detail its synthesis and characterization here for the first time. We subsequently probe the electrochemical properties of [M(tpySSMe)2](PF6)2 in solution, showing that the (electro)chemical reactions associated with disulfide reduction significantly increase the complexity of the voltammetric response. In preliminary surface voltammetry studies, we confirm that CoSS and FeSS form solution-stable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold with comparable electrochemical properties to those formed from CoSH. Taken together, this work provides a robust foundation for future studies of this prominent class of complexes as redox-active components of SAMs or single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D M Trang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Thomas Saal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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2
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Busto N, Carrión MC, Montanaro S, Díaz de Greñu B, Biver T, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, García B. Targeting G-quadruplex structures with Zn(II) terpyridine derivatives: a SAR study. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:13372-13385. [PMID: 32955070 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ability of terpyridines to react with G-quadruplex DNA (G4) structures along with the interest aroused by Zn as an essential metal centre in many biological processes, we have synthesized and characterized six Zn chloride or nitrate complexes containing terpyridine ligands with different 4'-substituents. In addition, we have studied their interaction with G4 and their cytotoxicity. Our experimental results revealed that the leaving group exerts a strong influence on the cytotoxicity, since the complexes bearing chloride were more cytotoxic than their nitrate analogues and an effect of the terpyridine ligand was also observed. The thermal stabilization profiles showed that the greatest stabilization of hybrid G4, Tel22, was observed for the Zn complexes bearing the terpyridine ligand that contained one or two methylated 4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl substituents, 3Cl and 3(L)2, respectively, probably due to their extra positive charge. Stability and aquation studies for these complexes were carried out and no ligand release was detected. Complexes 3Cl and 3(L)2 were successfully internalized by SW480 cells and they seemed to be localized mainly in the nucleolus. The highest cytotoxicity, G4 selectivity and G4 affinity determined by fluorescence and ITC experiments, and subcellular localization quantified by ICP-MS measurements, rendered 3Cl a very interesting complex from a biological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Busto
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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3
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Nováková Lachmanová Š, Vavrek F, Sebechlebská T, Kolivoška V, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Charge transfer in self-assembled monolayers of molecular conductors containing tripodal anchor and terpyridine-metal redox switching element. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Lu Y, McGoldrick N, Murphy F, Twamley B, Cui X, Delaney C, Máille GMÓ, Wang J, Zhao J, Draper SM. Highly Efficient Triplet Photosensitizers: A Systematic Approach to the Application of IrIII
Complexes containing Extended Phenanthrolines. Chemistry 2016; 22:11349-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Niamh McGoldrick
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Frances Murphy
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Xiaoneng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Colm Delaney
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | | | - Junsi Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Sylvia M. Draper
- Department of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
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5
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Chemical and physical behaviour of heteroleptic 2,6-bis(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine and 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine substituted tricyclophosphazene ruthenium(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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de la Llave E, Herrera SE, Adam C, Méndez De Leo LP, Calvo EJ, Williams FJ. Molecular and electronic structure of osmium complexes confined to Au(111) surfaces using a self-assembled molecular bridge. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:184703. [PMID: 26567676 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and electronic structure of Os(II) complexes covalently bonded to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) surfaces was studied by means of polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopies, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Attachment of the Os complex to the SAM proceeds via an amide covalent bond with the SAM alkyl chain 40° tilted with respect to the surface normal and a total thickness of 26 Å. The highest occupied molecular orbital of the Os complex is mainly based on the Os(II) center located 2.2 eV below the Fermi edge and the LUMO molecular orbital is mainly based on the bipyridine ligands located 1.5 eV above the Fermi edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel de la Llave
- INQUIMAE-CONICET, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago E Herrera
- INQUIMAE-CONICET, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Catherine Adam
- INQUIMAE-CONICET, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Lucila P Méndez De Leo
- INQUIMAE-CONICET, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Calvo
- INQUIMAE-CONICET, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Federico J Williams
- INQUIMAE-CONICET, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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7
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Redox- and photovoltaic-active nanocomposite thin films of graphene oxide and a ruthenium terpyridyl complex. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liatard S, Chauvin J, Balestro F, Jouvenot D, Loiseau F, Deronzier A. An original electrochemical method for assembling multilayers of terpyridine-based metallic complexes on a gold surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10916-10924. [PMID: 22742072 DOI: 10.1021/la301709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on the electrochemical oxidation of thiols was used to easily generate multilayer assemblies of coordination complexes on a gold surface. For this purpose, two complexes bearing two anchoring groups for surface attachment have been prepared: [Ru(tpySH)(2)](2+) (1) and [Fe(tpySH)(2)](2+) (2) (tpySH = 4'-(2-(p-phenoxy)ethanethiol)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine). Cyclic voltammetry of 1 in CH(3)CN exhibits two successive oxidation processes. The first is irreversible and attributed to the oxidation of the thiol substituents, whereas the second is reversible and corresponds to the 1 e(-) metal-centered oxidation. In the case of 2 both processes are superimposed. Monolayers of 1 or 2 have been formed on gold electrodes by spontaneous adsorption from micromolar solutions of the complexes in CH(3)CN. SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) exhibit redox behavior similar to the complexes in solution. The high surface coverage value obtained (Γ = 6 × 10(-10) and 4 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) for 1 and 2, respectively) is consistent with a vertical orientation for the complexes; thus, one thiol is bound to the gold electrode, with the second unreacted thiol moiety exposed to the outer surface. Successive cyclic voltammetry induced a layer-by-layer nanostructural growth at the surface of the SAMs, and this is presumably due to the electrochemical formation of disulfide bonds, where the thiol moieties play a double role of both an anchoring group and an electroactive coupling agent. The conditions of the deposition are studied in detail. Modified electrodes containing both 1 and 2 alternatively can be easily prepared following this new approach. The film proved to be stable, displaying a similar current/voltage response for more than 10 repeating cycles in oxidation up to 0.97 V vs Ag/AgNO(3) (10(-2) M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Liatard
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-5250, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Rédox, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble FR- CNRS-2607, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1/CNRS, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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9
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Ollagnier CM, Nolan D, Fitchett CM, Draper SM. 4′-(pyridyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine ligands: discrete metal complexes and their polymeric assemblies as a function of N-pyridyl substitution patterns. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2012.691609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanne Nolan
- a School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Sylvia M. Draper
- a School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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10
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Graczyk A, Murphy FA, Nolan D, Fernández-Moreira V, Lundin NJ, Fitchett CM, Draper SM. Terpyridine-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons generated via cyclodehydrogenation and used as ligands in Ru(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7746-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30548h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Winter A, Hager MD, Newkome GR, Schubert US. The marriage of terpyridines and inorganic nanoparticles: synthetic aspects, characterization techniques, and potential applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:5728-5748. [PMID: 22109682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., metal-to-ligand coordination, in the field of nanotechnology is evaluated with respect to 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, as tridentate metal binding site. Stabilization as well as directed self-assembly of nanometer-sized materials into ordered arrays are the most widely studied targets of current research. Moreover, energy- and/or electron-transfer processes are enabled when redox-active terpyridine complexes are bound to (semi)conducting species (e.g., fullerenes, polyoxometalates)-thus, applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis are currently arising from these hybrid materials. Progress made in these fields, resulting from the marriage of terpyridines (as well as their metal complexes) and nanostructures, is summarized in this Review Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
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Winter A, Hoeppener S, Newkome GR, Schubert US. Terpyridine-functionalized surfaces: redox-active, switchable, and electroactive nanoarchitecturesgland. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3484-3498. [PMID: 21751263 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Terpyridines represent versatile functional supramolecular building blocks that are easily integrated in numerous devices and can readily modify surfaces. In particular, redox-active complexes with terpyridine ligands have been attached to surfaces, either by covalent or non-covalent interactions, and form highly ordered mono- or multilayer systems, since electronic and charge transport properties are major topics of interest. Their applications in nanoelectronics are a driving force for understanding and enabling the utilization of the supramolecular properties of terpyridines for surface modification. This area of research has received increasing attention during the last decade leading into the supramacromolecular regime. This Progress Report presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of surface modifications utilizing terpyridine systems and highlights main results, as well as modern trends, in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemitry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Wild A, Winter A, Schlütter F, Schubert US. Advances in the field of π-conjugated 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1459-511. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Leonov AP, Wei A. Photolithography of Dithiocarbamate-Anchored Monolayers and Polymers on Gold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:4371-4376. [PMID: 21894240 DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04153j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamate (DTC)-anchored monolayers and polymers were investigated as positive resists for UV photolithography on planar and roughened Au surfaces. DTCs were formed in situ by the condensation of CS(2) with monovalent or polyvalent amines such as linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) under mildly basic aqueous conditions, just prior to surface passivation. The robust adsorption of the polyvalent PEI-DTC to Au surfaces supported high levels of resistance to photoablation, providing opportunities to generate thin films with gradient functionality. Treatment of photopatterned substrates with alkanethiols produced binary coatings, enabling a direct visual comparison of DTC- and thiol-passivated surfaces against chemically induced corrosion using confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei P Leonov
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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Zhang LY, Zhang HX, Ye S, Wen HM, Chen ZN, Osawa M, Uosaki K, Sasaki Y. A butadiyne-linked diruthenium molecular wire self-assembled on a gold electrode surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:923-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Murphy FA, Draper SM. Superaromatic Terpyridines: Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with Tridentate Functionality. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1862-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902526u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Gomila A, Le Poul N, Cosquer N, Kerbaol JM, Noël JM, Reddy MT, Jabin I, Reinaud O, Conan F, Le Mest Y. Self-induced “electroclick” immobilization of a copper complex onto self-assembled monolayers on a gold electrode. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11516-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01093f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhao Y, Newton JN, Liu J, Wei A. Dithiocarbamate-coated SERS substrates: sensitivity gain by partial surface passivation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13833-13839. [PMID: 19685897 DOI: 10.1021/la902087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of nanoporous gold (NPG) can be boosted by controlled surface passivation. The SERS activities of unfunctionalized NPG were first optimized by etching substrates with NaI/I(2) (triiodide) and using 2-mercaptopyridine (2-MP) as the probing analyte. Gains in analyte sensitivity were then achieved by passivating the superficial regions of the NPG substrates with dimethyldithiocarbamate (Me(2)DTC) while leaving the more recessed "hot spots" available for SERS detection. Partial surface passivation with DTCs increased the substrate sensitivity to chemisorptive analytes such as 2-MP by an order of magnitude, whereas surface saturation lowered the sensitivity by an order of magnitude. The partially passivated NPG films can also be functionalized with supramolecular receptors for chemoselective SERS. Installation of a DTC-anchored terpyridine enabled the detection of divalent metal ions at trace levels, as determined by the complexation-induced shift of a characteristic Raman peak of the metal ion receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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