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Busto N, Carrión MC, Montanaro S, Díaz de Greñu B, Biver T, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, García B. Targeting G-quadruplex structures with Zn(II) terpyridine derivatives: a SAR study. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:13372-13385. [PMID: 32955070 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ability of terpyridines to react with G-quadruplex DNA (G4) structures along with the interest aroused by Zn as an essential metal centre in many biological processes, we have synthesized and characterized six Zn chloride or nitrate complexes containing terpyridine ligands with different 4'-substituents. In addition, we have studied their interaction with G4 and their cytotoxicity. Our experimental results revealed that the leaving group exerts a strong influence on the cytotoxicity, since the complexes bearing chloride were more cytotoxic than their nitrate analogues and an effect of the terpyridine ligand was also observed. The thermal stabilization profiles showed that the greatest stabilization of hybrid G4, Tel22, was observed for the Zn complexes bearing the terpyridine ligand that contained one or two methylated 4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl substituents, 3Cl and 3(L)2, respectively, probably due to their extra positive charge. Stability and aquation studies for these complexes were carried out and no ligand release was detected. Complexes 3Cl and 3(L)2 were successfully internalized by SW480 cells and they seemed to be localized mainly in the nucleolus. The highest cytotoxicity, G4 selectivity and G4 affinity determined by fluorescence and ITC experiments, and subcellular localization quantified by ICP-MS measurements, rendered 3Cl a very interesting complex from a biological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Busto
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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Leal J, Santos L, Fernández-Aroca DM, Cuevas JV, Martínez MA, Massaguer A, Jalón FA, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Sánchez-Prieto R, Rodríguez AM, Castañeda G, Durá G, Carrión MC, Barrabés S, Manzano BR. Effect of the aniline fragment in Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes as anti-proliferative agents. Standard reduction potential as a more reliable parameter for Pt(IV) compounds than peak reduction potential. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111403. [PMID: 33730639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The problems of resistance and side effects associated with cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic drugs have boosted research aimed at finding new compounds with improved properties. The use of platinum(IV) prodrugs is one alternative, although there is some controversy regarding the predictive ability of the peak reduction potentials. In the work described here a series of fourteen chloride Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds was synthesised and fully characterised. The compounds contain different bidentate arylazole heterocyclic ligands. Their cytotoxic properties against human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast carcinoma (MCF7) and human colon carcinoma (HCT116 and HT29) cell lines were studied. A clear relationship between the type of ligand and the anti-proliferative properties was found, with the best results obtained for the Pt(II) compound that contains an aniline fragment, (13), thus evidencing a positive effect of the NH2 group. Stability and aquation studies in DMSO, DMF and DMSO/water mixtures were carried out on the active complexes and an in-depth analysis of the two aquation processes, including DFT analysis, of 13 was undertaken. It was verified that DNA was the target and that cell death occurred by apoptosis in the case of 13. Furthermore, the cytotoxic derivatives did not exhibit haemolytic activity. The reduction of the Pt(IV) compounds whose Pt(II) congeners were active was studied by several techniques. It was concluded that the peak reduction potential was not useful to predict the ability for reduction. However, a correlation between the cytotoxic activity and the standard reduction potential was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Leal
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucia Santos
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Diego M Fernández-Aroca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - J Vicente Cuevas
- Universidad de Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - M Angeles Martínez
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departamento de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Felix A Jalón
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M José Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Laboratorio de Oncología, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas De Madrid Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gregorio Castañeda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gema Durá
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Carmen Carrión
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Departamento de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Gómez-de la Torre F, de la Hoz A, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, Rodríguez AM, Elguero J, Martínez-Ripoll M. Pd(II) complexes with polydentate nitrogen ligands. Molecular recognition and dynamic behavior involving Pd-N bond rupture. X-ray molecular structures of [[Pd(C6HF4)2](bpzpm)] and [[Pd(eta 3-C4H7)]2(bpzpm)] (CF3SO3)2 [bpzpm = 4,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine]. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1152-62. [PMID: 12526405 DOI: 10.1021/ic990495x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ligands 4,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (bpzpm) and 4,6-bis(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (Me-bpzpm) were synthesized and their reactions with some palladium derivatives explored. Mononuclear or dinuclear neutral or cationic complexes were obtained by reaction of the ligands with 1 or 2 equiv of Pd(C6XF4)2(cod) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene; X = F, H) or the palladium fragment [Pd(eta 3-2-Me-C3H4)(S)2]+ (S = acetone). The reaction of the dinuclear derivatives with 1 equiv of the respective free ligand immediately led to the regeneration of the mononuclear complexes. Except in the case of the synthesis of [[Pd(C6HF4)2][Pd(C6F5)2](bpzpm)], where two similar metallic groups are present, all attempts to obtain dinuclear asymmetric complexes with two different palladium fragments failed. Instead, the dinuclear symmetric complexes were formed. This result could be considered as an example of molecular recognition with the ligand acting as a ditopic receptor. This behavior is comparable to chemical symbiosis but in this case applied to the ligand rather than to the metal center as occurs normally. The polyfluorophenyl rings are situated on average in a perpendicular orientation with respect to the coordination plane. Their restricted rotation results in several atropoisomers for the complexes with m-C6HF4. Different cross-reaction experiments were carried out, and these showed the mobility of the metallic fragments, with the more difficult process being that involving the more strongly bonded polyfluorophenyl palladium groups. By means of 1H NMR variable temperature studies, the interconversion of the two isomers of [[Pd(eta 3-C4H7)]2-(bpzpm)]Tf2 (Tf = CF3SO3) was analyzed. In the case of [[Pd(eta 3-C4H7)](bpzpm)]Tf the existence of two processes, an intramolecular apparent allyl rotation and an intermolecular exchange of the allylpalladium fragments, has been demonstrated. Different delta Gc++ values at the coalescence temperatures have also been determined. An X-ray single-crystal analysis was carried out on [[Pd(eta 3-C4H7)]2(bpzpm)]Tf2, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group I2/m, with a = 9.368(2), b = 16.191(3), c = 20.228(6) A, beta = 101.26(3), and Z = 4. Compound [[Pd(C6HF4)2](bpzpm)] crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 8.845(6), b = 12.6609(9), c = 12.826(3) A, alpha = 88.45(2), beta = 74.36(3), gamma = 89.32(2), and Z = 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gómez-de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Avda. Camilo J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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