1
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Drena A, Fraker A, Thompson NB, Doan PE, Hoffman BM, McSkimming A. Terminal Hydride Complex of High-Spin Mn. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18370-18378. [PMID: 38940813 PMCID: PMC11240256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase (FeMoco) catalyzes fixation of N2 via Fe hydride intermediates. Our understanding of these species has relied heavily on the characterization of well-defined 3d metal hydride complexes, which serve as putative spectroscopic models. Although the Fe ions in FeMoco, a weak-field cluster, are expected to adopt locally high-spin Fe2+/3+ configurations, synthetically accessible hydride complexes featuring d5 or d6 electron counts are almost exclusively low-spin. We report herein the isolation of a terminal hydride complex of four-coordinate, high-spin (d5; S = 5/2) Mn2+. Electron paramagnetic resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance studies reveal an unusually large degree of spin density on the hydrido ligand. In light of the isoelectronic relationship between Mn2+ and Fe3+, our results are expected to inform our understanding of the valence electronic structures of reactive hydride intermediates derived from FeMoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Drena
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Addison Fraker
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Niklas B. Thompson
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter E. Doan
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian M. Hoffman
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alex McSkimming
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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2
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Ballmann GM, Gentner TX, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Mulvey RE. Heavy Alkali Metal Manganate Complexes: Synthesis, Structures and Solvent-Induced Dissociation Effects. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201716. [PMID: 35775467 PMCID: PMC9804227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare examples of heavier alkali metal manganates [{(AM)Mn(CH2 SiMe3 )(N'Ar )2 }∞ ] (AM=K, Rb, or Cs) [N'Ar =N(SiMe3 )(Dipp), where Dipp=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ] have been synthesised with the Rb and Cs examples crystallographically characterised. These heaviest manganates crystallise as polymeric zig-zag chains propagated by AM⋅⋅⋅π-arene interactions. Key to their preparation is to avoid Lewis base donor solvents. In contrast, using multidentate nitrogen donors encourages ligand scrambling leading to redistribution of these bimetallic manganate compounds into their corresponding homometallic species as witnessed for the complete Li - Cs series. Adding to the few known crystallographically characterised unsolvated and solvated rubidium and caesium s-block metal amides, six new derivatives ([{AM(N'Ar )}∞ ], [{AM(N'Ar )⋅TMEDA}∞ ], and [{AM(N'Ar )⋅PMDETA}∞ ] where AM=Rb or Cs) have been structurally authenticated. Utilising monodentate diethyl ether as a donor, it was also possible to isolate and crystallographically characterise sodium manganate [(Et2 O)2 Na(n Bu)Mn[(N'Ar )2 ], a monomeric, dinuclear structure prevented from aggregating by two blocking ether ligands bound to sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd M. Ballmann
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Thomas X. Gentner
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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3
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Stennett CR, Wagner CL, Fettinger JC, Vasko P, Power PP. Reductions of M{N(SiMe 3) 2} 3 (M = V, Cr, Fe): Terminal and Bridging Low-Valent First-Row Transition Metal Hydrido Complexes and "Metallo-Transamination". Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11401-11411. [PMID: 34250810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the vanadium(III) tris(silylamide) V{N(SiMe3)2}3 with LiAlH4 in diethyl ether gives the highly unstable mixed-metal polyhydride [V(μ2-H)6[Al{N(SiMe3)2}2]3][Li(OEt2)3] (1), which was structurally characterized. Alternatively, performing the same reaction in the presence of 12-crown-4 affords a rare example of a structurally verified vanadium terminal hydride complex, [VH{N(SiMe3)2}3][Li(12-crown-4)2] (2). The corresponding deuteride 2D was also prepared using LiAlD4. In contrast, no hydride complexes were isolated by reaction of M{N(SiMe3)2}3 (M = Cr, Fe) with LiAlH4 and 12-crown-4. Instead, these reactions afforded the anionic metal(II) complexes [M{N(SiMe3)2}3][Li(12-crown-4)2] (3, M = Cr; 4, M = Fe). The reaction of the iron(III) tris(silylamide) Fe{N(SiMe3)2}3 with lithium aluminum hydride without a crown ether gives the "hydrido inverse crown" complex [Fe(μ2-H){N(SiMe3)2}2(μ2-Li)]2 (5), while treatment of the same trisamide with alane trimethylamine complex gives the iron(II) polyhydride complex Fe(μ2-H)6[Al{N(SiMe3)2}2]2[Al{N(SiMe3)2}(NMe3)] (6). Complexes 2-6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, as well as by infrared, electronic, and 1H and 13C (complex 6) NMR spectroscopies. Complexes 1 and 6 are apparently formed by an unusual "metallo-transamination" process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Clifton L Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Han H, Carozza JC, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Abakumov AM, Filatov AS, Chen YS, SantaLucia DJ, Berry JF, Dikarev EV. Hetero trimetallic Precursor with 2:2:1 Metal Ratio Requiring at Least a Pentanuclear Molecular Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12767-12776. [PMID: 32573220 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work represents an important step in the quest to make heteromultimetallic molecules featuring specific metal types and complicated metal ratios. The rational design, synthesis, and characterization of a complex heterotrimetallic single-source molecular precursor for the next generation sodium-ion battery cathode material, Na2Mn2FeO6, is described. A unique pentametallic platform [MnII(ptac)3-Na-MnIII(acac)3-Na-MnII(ptac)3] (1) was derived from the known polymeric structure of [NaMnII(acac)3]∞, through a series of elaborate design procedures, such as mixed-ligand, unsymmetric ligand, and mixed-valent approaches. Importantly, the application of those techniques results in a molecule with distinctively different transition metal positions in terms of ligand environment and oxidation states. An isovalent substitution of FeIII for the central MnIII ion forms the target heterotrimetallic precursor [MnII(ptac)3-Na-FeIII(acac)3-Na-MnII(ptac)3] (3) with an appropriate metal ratio of Na:Mn:Fe = 2:2:1. The arrangement of metal ions and ligands in this pentametallic assembly was confirmed by single crystal X-ray investigation. The unambiguous assignment of the positions and oxidation states of the Periodic Table neighbors Fe and Mn in 3 has been achieved by a combination of investigative techniques that include synchrotron resonant diffraction, X-ray multiwavelength anomalous diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and gas-phase DART mass spectrometry. The heterotrimetallic single-source precursor 3 was shown to exhibit a clean decomposition pattern yielding the phase-pure P2-Na2Mn2FeO6 quaternary oxide with high uniformity of metal ion distribution as confirmed by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jesse C Carozza
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Artem M Abakumov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Source, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daniel J SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Evgeny V Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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5
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Grindell R, Day BM, Guo FS, Pugh T, Layfield RA. Activation of C-H bonds by rare-earth metallocene-butyl complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9990-9993. [PMID: 28832031 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stable metallocene-butyl complexes [(CpMe)2M(nBu)]2 (M = Y, Dy) were synthesized and their reactivity towards to ferrocene and bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes investigated. Selective mono-deprotonation of ferrocene and a benzylic methyl group of IMes were observed, whereas a control reaction of (CpMe)3M with IMes resulted in a normal-to-abnormal NHC rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Grindell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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6
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Vasilenko V, Blasius CK, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Mechanism-Based Enantiodivergence in Manganese Reduction Catalysis: A Chiral Pincer Complex for the Highly Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8393-8397. [PMID: 28544219 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A manganese alkyl complex containing a chiral bis(oxazolinyl-methylidene)isoindoline pincer ligand is a precatalyst for a catalytic system of unprecedented activity and selectivity in the enantioselective hydroboration of ketones, thus producing preparatively useful chiral alcohols in excellent yields with up to greater than 99 % ee. It is applicable for both aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketone reduction under mild reaction conditions (TOF >450 h-1 at -40 °C). The earth-abundant base-metal catalyst operates at very low catalyst loadings (as low as 0.1 mol %) and with a high level of functional-group tolerance. There is evidence for the existence of two distinct mechanistic pathways for manganese-catalyzed hydride transfer and their role for enantiocontrol in the selectivity-determining step is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Vasilenko
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens K Blasius
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Vasilenko V, Blasius CK, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Mechanism-Based Enantiodivergence in Manganese Reduction Catalysis: A Chiral Pincer Complex for the Highly Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Vasilenko
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Clemens K. Blasius
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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8
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Latendresse TP, Bhuvanesh NS, Nippe M. Slow Magnetic Relaxation in a Lanthanide-[1]Metallocenophane Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8058-8061. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor P. Latendresse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nattamai S. Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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9
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Uzelac M, Borilovic I, Amores M, Cadenbach T, Kennedy AR, Aromí G, Hevia E. Structural and Magnetic Diversity in Alkali-Metal Manganate Chemistry: Evaluating Donor and Alkali-Metal Effects in Co-complexation Processes. Chemistry 2016; 22:4843-54. [PMID: 26916525 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
By exploring co-complexation reactions between the manganese alkyl Mn(CH2SiMe3)2 and the heavier alkali-metal alkyls M(CH2SiMe3) (M=Na, K) in a benzene/hexane solvent mixture and in some cases adding Lewis donors (bidentate TMEDA, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane (DABCO)) has produced a new family of alkali-metal tris(alkyl) manganates. The influences that the alkali metal and the donor solvent impose on the structures and magnetic properties of these ates have been assessed by a combination of X-ray, SQUID magnetization measurements, and EPR spectroscopy. These studies uncover a diverse structural chemistry ranging from discrete monomers [(TMEDA)2 MMn(CH2SiMe3)3] (M=Na, 3; M=K, 4) to dimers [{KMn(CH2SiMe3)3 ⋅C6 H6}2] (2) and [{NaMn(CH2SiMe3)3}2 (dioxane)7] (5); and to more complex supramolecular networks [{NaMn(CH2SiMe3)3}∞] (1) and [{Na2Mn2 (CH2SiMe3)6 (DABCO)2}∞] (7)). Interestingly, the identity of the alkali metal exerts a significant effect in the reactions of 1 and 2 with 1,4-dioxane, as 1 produces coordination adduct 5, while 2 forms heteroleptic [{(dioxane)6K2Mn2 (CH2SiMe3)4(O(CH2)2OCH=CH2)2}∞] (6) containing two alkoxide-vinyl anions resulting from α-metalation and ring opening of dioxane. Compounds 6 and 7, containing two spin carriers, exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling of their S=5/2 moments with varying intensity depending on the nature of the exchange pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Amores
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.,Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento De Física, Ladron de Guevera E11-253, Quito, 170517, Ecuador
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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10
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Fohlmeister L, Jones C. Stabilisation of carbonyl free amidinato-manganese(II) hydride complexes: "masked" sources of manganese(I) in organometallic synthesis. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1436-42. [PMID: 26674008 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the amidinato-manganese(ii) bromide complex, [{(κ(2)-N,N'-Piso)Mn(μ-Br)}3(THF)2] (Piso = [(DipN)2CBu(t)](-), Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), with K[BHEt3] affords the first example of a structurally authenticated amidinato-manganese(ii) hydride complex, [{(N-,η(3)-arene-Piso)Mn(μ-H)2}2], via a process which involves a change in the amidinate coordination mode. Treatment of the bulkier precursor complex, [{(Piso'')Mn(μ-Br)}n] (Piso'' = [(Dip''N)2CBu(t)](-), Dip'' = C6H2Pr(i)2(CPh3)-2,6,4), with K[BHEt3] did not lead to an isolable manganese hydride complex, but its reaction with the magnesium(i) complex, [{((Mes)Nacnac)Mg}2] ((Mes)Nacnac = [(MesNCMe)2CH](-), Mes = mesityl), did. This reaction presumably proceeds via a reactive manganese(i) intermediate, which abstracts hydrogen from a reaction component to give [{(κ(2)-N,N'-Piso'')Mn(μ-H)}3]. A comparison of the reactivities of [{(N-,η(3)-arene-Piso)Mn(μ-H)2}2] and the isomorphous manganese(i) complex, [{(N-,η(3)-arene-Piso)Mn}2], toward CO, O2 and N2O was carried out. Reactions with the manganese(i) and manganese(ii) species gave identical results, namely the formation of the manganese(i) carbonyl complex, [(κ(2)-N,N'-Piso)Mn(CO)4] (reactions with CO), and the manganese(iii)-μ-oxo complex, [{(κ(2)-N,N'-Piso)Mn(μ-O)}2] (reactions with O2 and N2O). These results indicate that [{(N-,η(3)-arene-Piso)Mn(μ-H)2}2] can act as a "masked" source of an amidinato-manganese(i) fragment in synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fohlmeister
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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11
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Maddock LCH, Cadenbach T, Kennedy AR, Borilovic I, Aromí G, Hevia E. Accessing Sodium Ferrate Complexes Containing Neutral and Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Structural, Synthetic, and Magnetic Insights. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9201-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. H. Maddock
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
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12
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Group 1 cyclopentadienide/group 1,14-tert-butoxide adducts: Ion exchange and coordination polymer formation. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Martínez-Martínez AJ, Armstrong DR, Conway B, Fleming BJ, Klett J, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD, O'Hara CT. Pre-inverse-crowns: synthetic, structural and reactivity studies of alkali metal magnesiates primed for inverse crown formation. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and reactivity of donor-free sodium and potassium magnesiates are assessed culminating in the unique 1,4-dimetallation of naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - B. Conway
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - B. J. Fleming
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Klett
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - A. R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - R. E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - S. D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - C. T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Schaarschmidt
- Inorganic
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Inorganic
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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15
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Chen J, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Stereoselective Ortho Borylation of Pyridylferrocenes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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16
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Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
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17
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Mulvey RE. An alternative picture of alkali-metal-mediated metallation: cleave and capture chemistry. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6676-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Butler IR. The Simple Synthesis of Ferrocene Ligands from a Practitioner's Perspective. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dayaker G, Tilly D, Chevallier F, Hilmersson G, Gros PC, Mongin F. Enantioselective Metalation ofN,N-Diisopropylferrocenecarboxamide and Methyl Ferrocenecarboxylate Using Lithium-Metal Chiral Bases. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hevia E, Kennedy AR, McCall MD. Assessing the reactivity of sodium zincate [(TMEDA)Na(TMP)ZntBu2] towards benzoylferrocene: deprotonative metalationvs.alkylation reactions. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:98-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Campbell R, Cannon D, García-Álvarez P, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD, Saßmannshausen J, Tuttle T. Main group multiple C-H/N-H bond activation of a diamine and isolation of a molecular dilithium zincate hydride: experimental and DFT evidence for alkali metal-zinc synergistic effects. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13706-17. [PMID: 21777000 PMCID: PMC3662402 DOI: 10.1021/ja205547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surprising transformation of the saturated diamine (iPr)NHCH(2)CH(2)NH(iPr) to the unsaturated diazaethene [(iPr)NCH═CHN(iPr)](2-) via the synergic mixture nBuM, (tBu)(2)Zn and TMEDA (where M = Li, Na; TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) has been investigated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations. Several pertinent intermediary and related compounds (TMEDA)Li[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(iPr)]Zn(tBu)(2) (3), (TMEDA)Li[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)N(iPr)]Zn(tBu) (5), {(THF)Li[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)N(iPr)]Zn(tBu)}(2) (6), and {(TMEDA)Na[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)N(iPr)]Zn(tBu)}(2) (11), characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, are discussed in relation to their role in the formation of (TMEDA)M[(iPr)NCH═CHN(iPr)]Zn(tBu) (M = Li, 1; Na, 10). In addition, the dilithio zincate molecular hydride [(TMEDA)Li](2)[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)N(iPr)]Zn(tBu)H 7 has been synthesized from the reaction of (TMEDA)Li[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(iPr)]Zn(tBu)(2)3 with nBuLi(TMEDA) and also characterized by both X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic studies. The retention of the Li-H bond of 7 in solution was confirmed by (7)Li-(1)H HSQC experiments. Also, the (7)Li NMR spectrum of 7 in C(6)D(6) solution allowed for the rare observation of a scalar (1)J(Li-H) coupling constant of 13.3 Hz. Possible mechanisms for the transformation from diamine to diazaethene, a process involving the formal breakage of four bonds, have been determined computationally using density functional theory. The dominant mechanism, starting from (TMEDA)Li[(iPr)NCH(2)CH(2)N(iPr)]Zn(tBu) (4), involves the formation of a hydride intermediate and leads directly to the observed diazaethene product. In addition the existence of 7 in equilibrium with 4 through the dynamic association and dissociation of a (TMEDA)LiH ligand, also provides a secondary mechanism for the formation of the diazaethene. The two reaction pathways (i.e., starting from 4 or 7) are quite distinct and provide excellent examples in which the two distinct metals in the system are able to interact synergically to catalyze this otherwise challenging transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Campbell
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Cannon
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Fyfe AA, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Mulvey RE. Crossing Organolithium Compounds with Organolithium Compounds: Molecular Squares and a Cage-Encapsulating Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7776-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fyfe AA, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Mulvey RE. Crossing Organolithium Compounds with Organolithium Compounds: Molecular Squares and a Cage-Encapsulating Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Woodruff D, Bodensteiner M, Sells DO, Winpenny REP, Layfield RA. Synthesis and structure of cationic guanidinate-bridged bimetallic {Li7M} cubes (M = Mn, Co, Zn) with inverse crown counter anions. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10918-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10999e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bresser T, Monzon G, Mosrin M, Knochel P. Scaleable Preparation of Sensitive Functionalized Aromatics and Heteroaromatics via Directed Metalation Using tmpZnCl·LiCl. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op1001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomke Bresser
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Gabriel Monzon
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Marc Mosrin
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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Matas I, Whittell GR, Partridge BM, Holland JP, Haddow MF, Green JC, Manners I. Synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity of strained nickel-, palladium-, and platinum-bridged [1]ferrocenophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13279-89. [PMID: 20812743 DOI: 10.1021/ja103367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The group 10 bis(phosphine)metalla[1]ferrocenophanes, [{Fe(η(5)-C(5)H(4))(2)}M(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] [M = Ni (4a), Pd (4b), and Pt (4c)], have been prepared by the reaction of Li(2)[Fe(η(5)-C(5)H(4))(2)]·tmeda (5, tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) with trans-[MCl(2)(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] [M = Ni (trans-6a) and Pd (trans-6b)] and cis-[PtCl(2)(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] (cis-6c), respectively. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed highly tilted, strained structures as characterized by α angles of 28.4° (4a), 24.5° (4b), and 25.2° (4c) and a distorted square planar environment for the group 10 metal center. UV/visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry indicated that all three compounds had smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps and were more electron-rich in nature than ferrocene and other comparable [1]ferrocenophanes. DFT calculations suggested that these differences were principally due to the electron-releasing nature of the M(Pn-Bu(3))(2) metal-ligand fragments. Attempts to induce thermal or anionic ring-opening polymerization of 4a-c were unsuccessful and were complicated by, for example, competing ligand dissociation processes or unfavorable chain propagation. In contrast, these species all reacted rapidly with acids effecting clean extrusion of the bis(phosphine)metal fragment. Carbon monoxide inserted cleanly into one of the palladium-carbon bonds of 4b to afford the ring-expanded, acylated product [{Fe(η(5)-C(5)H(4))(η(5)-C(5)H(4))(CO)}Pd(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] (10). The nickel analogue 4a, however, afforded [Ni(CO)(2)(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] whereas the platinum-bridged complex 4c was inert. Remarkably, all compounds 4a-c were readily oxidized by elemental sulfur to afford the [5,5']bicyclopentadienylidene (pentafulvalene) complexes [{η(4):η(0)-C(5)H(4)(C(5)H(4))}M(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] [M = Ni (11a)] and [(η(2)-C(10)H(8))M(Pn-Bu(3))(2)] [M = Pd (11b) and Pt (11c)] by a formal 4-electron oxidation of the carbocyclic ligands. Compounds 11b and 11c represent the first examples of [5,5']bicyclopentadienylidene as a neutral η(2)-ligand. The relative energies of η(2)-coordination with respect to that of η(4):η(0) bonding were investigated for 11a-c by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Matas
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Jeganmohan M, Knochel P. tmp4Zr: eine atomökonomische Base zur Metallierung von funktionalisierten Arenen und Heteroarenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jeganmohan M, Knochel P. tmp4Zr: An Atom-Economical Base for the Metalation of Functionalized Arenes and Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8520-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Wunderlich S, Knochel P. Atom-Economical Preparation of Aryl- and Heteroaryl-Lanthanum Reagents by Directedortho-Metalation by Using tmp3[La]. Chemistry 2010; 16:3304-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wunderlich SH, Rohbogner CJ, Unsinn A, Knochel P. Scaleable Preparation of Functionalized Organometallics via Directed Ortho Metalation Using Mg- and Zn-Amide Bases. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op9002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H. Wunderlich
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Rohbogner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Unsinn
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie und Biochemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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Nishinaga T, Aono T, Isomura E, Watanabe S, Miyake Y, Miyazaki A, Enoki T, Miyasaka H, Otani H, Iyoda M. Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Cu(ii) complexes of 2-substituted tropones bearing a ferrocenyl group at 5-position. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2293-300. [PMID: 20162203 DOI: 10.1039/b912255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Vélez E, Alberola A, Polo V. A density functional theory study of the magnetic exchange coupling in dinuclear manganese(II) inverse crown structures. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14008-13. [PMID: 20000388 DOI: 10.1021/jp907200u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic exchange coupling constants between two Mn(II) centers for a set of five inverse crown structures have been investigated by means of a methodology based on broken-symmetry unrestricted density functional theory. These novel and highly unstable compounds present superexchange interactions between two Mn centers, each one with S = 5/2 through anionic "guests" such as oxygen, benzene, or hydrides or through the cationic ring formed by amide ligands and alkali metals (Na, Li). Magnetic exchange couplings calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level yield strong antiferromagnetic couplings for compounds linked via an oxygen atom or hydride and very small antiferromagnetic couplings for those linked via a benzene molecule, deprotonated in either 1,4- or 1,3- positions. Analysis of the magnetic orbitals and spin polarization maps provide an understanding of the exchange mechanism between the Mn centers. The dependence of J with respect to 10 different density functional theory potentials employed and the basis set has been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederley Vélez
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló, Spain
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Clegg W, Conway B, García-Álvarez P, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Russo L, Sassmannshausen J, Tuttle T. Structural tracking of the potassium-mediated magnesiation of anisole. Chemistry 2009; 15:10702-6. [PMID: 19746488 PMCID: PMC3784043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU(UK)
| | - Ben Conway
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL(UK)
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL(UK)
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL(UK)
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL(UK)
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU(UK)
| | - Jörg Sassmannshausen
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL(UK)
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL(UK)
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Wunderlich S, Kienle M, Knochel P. Gesteuerte Manganierung funktionalisierter Arene und Heterocyclen mithilfe von tmp2Mn⋅2 MgCl2⋅4 LiCl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Wunderlich S, Kienle M, Knochel P. Directed Manganation of Functionalized Arenes and Heterocycles Using tmp2Mn⋅2 MgCl2⋅4 LiCl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7256-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Blair VL, Clegg W, Mulvey RE, Russo L. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Manganation(II) of Naphthalenes: Constructing Metalla-Anthracene and Metalla-Phenanthrene Structures. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:8863-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901068w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Blair
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Clegg W, Conway B, Graham DV, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Russo L, Wright DS. Structurally defined potassium-mediated zincation of pyridine and 4-R-substituted pyridines (R = Et, iPr, tBu, Ph, and Me2N) by using dialkyl-TMP-zincate bases. Chemistry 2009; 15:7074-82. [PMID: 19533716 PMCID: PMC3784044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two potassium-dialkyl-TMP-zincate bases [(pmdeta)K(mu-Et)(mu-tmp)Zn(Et)] (1) (PMDETA = N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide), and [(pmdeta)K(mu-nBu)(mu-tmp)Zn(nBu)] (2), have been synthesized by a simple co-complexation procedure. Treatment of 1 with a series of substituted 4-R-pyridines (R = Me(2)N, H, Et, iPr, tBu, and Ph) gave 2-zincated products of the general formula [{2-Zn(Et)(2)-mu-4-R-C(5)H(3)N}(2)2{K(pmdeta)}] (3-8, respectively) in isolated crystalline yields of 53, 16, 7, 23, 67, and 51%, respectively; the treatment of 2 with 4-tBu-pyridine gave [{2-Zn(nBu)(2)-mu-4-tBu-C(5)H(3)N}(2)2{K(pmdeta)}] (9) in an isolated crystalline yield of 58%. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic characterization of 3-9 revealed a novel structural motif consisting of a dianionic dihydroanthracene-like tricyclic ring system with a central diazadicarbadizinca (ZnCN)(2) ring, face-capped on either side by PMDETA-wrapped K(+) cations. All the new metalated pyridine complexes share this dimeric arrangement. As determined by NMR spectroscopic investigations of the reaction filtrates, those solutions producing 3, 7, 8, and 9 appear to be essentially clean reactions, in contrast to those producing 4, 5, and 6, which also contain laterally zincated coproducts. In all of these metalation reactions, the potassium-zincate base acts as an amido transfer agent with a subsequent ligand-exchange mechanism (amido replacing alkyl) inhibited by the coordinative saturation, and thus, low Lewis acidity of the 4-coordinate Zn centers in these dimeric molecules. Studies on analogous trialkyl-zincate reagents in the absence and presence of stoichiometric or substoichiometric amounts of TMP(H) established the importance of Zn-N bonds for efficient zincation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Clegg
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44)141-552-0876
| | - Ben Conway
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44)141-552-0876
| | - David V Graham
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44)141-552-0876
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44)141-552-0876
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44)141-552-0876
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44)141-552-0876
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
| | - Dominic S Wright
- Chemistry Department, University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
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