1
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Xiao H, Feng Y, Goundry WRF, Karlsson S. Organic Solvent Nanofiltration in Pharmaceutical Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:891-923. [PMID: 38660379 PMCID: PMC11036530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Separation and purification in organic solvents are indispensable procedures in pharmaceutical manufacturing. However, they still heavily rely on the conventional separation technologies of distillation and chromatography, resulting in high energy and massive solvent consumption. As an alternative, organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) offers the benefits of low energy consumption, low solid waste generation, and easy scale-up and incorporation into continuous processes. Thus, there is a growing interest in employing membrane technology in the pharmaceutical area to improve process sustainability and energy efficiency. This Review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress (especially the last 10 years) of organic solvent nanofiltration and its applications in the pharmaceutical industry, including the concentration and purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients, homogeneous catalyst recovery, solvent exchange and recovery, and OSN-assisted peptide/oligonucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives of membrane technology in pharmaceutical applications are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Early
Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Yanyue Feng
- Early
Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - William R. F. Goundry
- Early
Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Staffan Karlsson
- Early
Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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2
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Diekamp J, Seidensticker T. Synthesis Strategies towards Tagged Homogeneous Catalysts To Improve Their Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304223. [PMID: 37167065 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of homogeneous catalysts while keeping them in the homogeneous matrix is an ongoing challenge many reactions face if they are to find industrial applications. While a plethora of different synthetic approaches towards better, recyclable homogeneous catalysts exist, the literature shows a gap when one searches for a concise overview of the different catalyst modifications. This Review is designed to close that gap by summarising the existing synthesis pathways towards polar, non-polar, fluorous, and molecular-weight-enlarged catalysts and by examining their respective synthesis routes with a focus on modular and late-stage approaches. Furthermore, we map out the potential for a generally applicable tag library that allows straightforward catalyst modifications to tune them for each desired recycling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Diekamp
- TU Dortmund University, Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Seidensticker
- TU Dortmund University, Department for Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Toh RW, Patrzałek M, Nienałtowski T, Piątkowski J, Kajetanowicz A, Wu J, Grela K. Olefin Metathesis in Continuous Flow Reactor Employing Polar Ruthenium Catalyst and Soluble Metal Scavenger for Instant Purification of Products of Pharmaceutical Interest. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:16450-16458. [PMID: 34900446 PMCID: PMC8655794 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of continuous-flow reactors has attracted growing attention from the synthetic community. Moreover, findings in the precise control of the reaction parameters and improved mass/heat transfer have made the flow setup an attractive alternative to batch reactors, both in academia and industry, enabling safe and easy scaling-up of synthetic processes. Even though a majority of the pharmaceutical industry currently rely on batch reactors or semibatch reactors, many are integrating flow technology because of easier maintenance and lower risks. Herein, we demonstrate an operationally simple flow setup for homogeneous ring-closing metathesis, which is applicable to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients precursors or analogues with high efficiency, low residence time, and in a green solvent. Furthermore, through the addition of a soluble metal scavenger in the subsequent step within the flow system, the level of ruthenium contamination in the final product can be greatly reduced (to less than 5 ppm). To ensure that this method is applicable for industrial usage, an upscale process including a 24 h continuous-flow reaction for more than 60 g of a Sildenafil analogue was achieved in a continuous-flow fashion by adjusting the tubing size and flow rate accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wei Toh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Michał Patrzałek
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nienałtowski
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Pharmaceutical
Works Polpharma SA, Pelplińska
19, 83-200 Starogard
Gdański, Poland
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Email for A.K.:
| | - Jie Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Email for J.W.:
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Email for K.G.:
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4
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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5
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Nahra F, Cazin CSJ. Sustainability in Ru- and Pd-based catalytic systems using N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3094-3142. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review is a critical presentation of catalysts based on palladium and ruthenium bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that have enabled a more sustainable approach to catalysis and to catalyst uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Nahra
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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6
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Timmer BJJ, Kravchenko O, Ramström O. Selective Cross‐Metathesis of Highly Chelating Substrates in Aqueous Media. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of ChemistryKTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistryKTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryKTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts LowellOne University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesLinnaeus University SE 39182 Kalmar Sweden
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7
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Breen CP, Parrish C, Shangguan N, Majumdar S, Murnen H, Jamison TF, Bio MM. A Scalable Membrane Pervaporation Approach for Continuous Flow Olefin Metathesis. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Breen
- Snapdragon Chemistry, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Ning Shangguan
- Compact Membrane Systems, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Sudip Majumdar
- Compact Membrane Systems, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Hannah Murnen
- Compact Membrane Systems, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew M. Bio
- Snapdragon Chemistry, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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8
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Hadjiali S, Bergmann M, Kiryutin A, Knecht S, Sauer G, Plaumann M, Limbach HH, Plenio H, Buntkowsky G. The application of novel Ir-NHC polarization transfer complexes by SABRE. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244201. [PMID: 31893872 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the hyperpolarization method Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) has developed into a powerful technique to enhance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals of organic substrates in solution (mostly via binding to the nitrogen lone pair of N-heterocyclic compounds) by several orders of magnitude. In order to establish the application and development of SABRE as a hyperpolarization method for medical imaging, the separation of the Ir-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Ir-NHC) complex, which facilitates the hyperpolarization of the substrates in solution, is indispensable. Here, we report for the first time the use of novel Ir-NHC complexes with a polymer unit substitution in the backbone of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) for SABRE hyperpolarization, which permits the removal of the complexes from solution after the hyperpolarization of a target substrate has been generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjiali
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Marvin Bergmann
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3A, Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Grit Sauer
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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9
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Peschek N, Wannowius KJ, Plenio H. The Initiation Reaction of Hoveyda–Grubbs Complexes with Ethene. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Peschek
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wannowius
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Ormerod D, Dorbec M, Merkul E, Kaval N, Lefèvre N, Hostyn S, Eykens L, Lievens J, Sergeyev S, Maes BUW. Synthesis of Pd Complexes Containing Tailed NHC Ligands and Their Use in a Semicontinuous Membrane-Assisted Suzuki Cross-Coupling Process. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Ormerod
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Dorbec
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eugen Merkul
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nadya Kaval
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Hostyn
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lies Eykens
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jo Lievens
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Wang W, Cui L, Sun P, Shi L, Yue C, Li F. Reusable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Catalysts and Beyond: A Perspective on Recycling Strategies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9843-9929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lifeng Cui
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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12
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Lim SK, Goh K, Bae TH, Wang R. Polymer-based membranes for solvent-resistant nanofiltration: A review. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Keraani A, Rabiller-Baudry M, Fischmeister C, Delaunay D, Baudry A, Bruneau C, Renouard T. First elaboration of an olefin metathesis catalytic membrane by grafting a Hoveyda–Grubbs precatalyst on zirconia membranes. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Keraani A, Nasser G, Shahane S, Renouard T, Bruneau C, Rabiller-Baudry M, Fischmeister C. Syntheses and characterization of molecular weight enlarged olefin metathesis pre-catalysts. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Ormerod D, Lefevre N, Dorbec M, Eyskens I, Vloemans P, Duyssens K, Diez de la Torre V, Kaval N, Merkul E, Sergeyev S, Maes BUW. Potential of Homogeneous Pd Catalyst Separation by Ceramic Membranes. Application to Downstream and Continuous Flow Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Ormerod
- VITO
(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefevre
- Organic
Synthesis, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Dorbec
- VITO
(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Inge Eyskens
- VITO
(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vloemans
- VITO
(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Karlien Duyssens
- VITO
(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Veronica Diez de la Torre
- VITO
(Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nadya Kaval
- Organic
Synthesis, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eugen Merkul
- Organic
Synthesis, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic
Synthesis, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic
Synthesis, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Szczepaniak G, Urbaniak K, Wierzbicka C, Kosiński K, Skowerski K, Grela K. High-Performance Isocyanide Scavengers for Use in Low-Waste Purification of Olefin Metathesis Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:4139-48. [PMID: 26556779 PMCID: PMC4693448 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Three isocyanides containing a tertiary nitrogen atom were investigated for use as small-molecule ruthenium scavenging agents in the workup of olefin metathesis reactions. The proposed compounds are odorless, easy to obtain, and highly effective in removing metal residues, sometimes bringing the metal content below 0.0015 ppm. The most successful of the tested compounds, II, performs very well, even with challenging polar products. The performance of these scavengers is compared and contrasted with other known techniques, such as silica gel filtration and the use of self-scavenging catalysts. As a result, a new hybrid purification method is devised, which gives better results than using either a self-scavenging catalyst or a scavenger alone. Additionally, isocyanide II is shown to be a deactivating (reaction quenching) agent for olefin metathesis and superior to ethyl vinyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Kosiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Hübner S, de Vries JG, Farina V. Why Does Industry Not Use Immobilized Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts? Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Priske M, Lazar M, Schnitzer C, Baumgarten G. Recent Applications of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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20
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Atkinson MBJ, Oyola-Reynoso S, Luna RE, Bwambok DK, Thuo MM. Pot-in-pot reactions: a simple and green approach to efficient organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, flux controlled, technique to circumvent the tedium and wastage in organic synthesis is review. Pot-in-pot reactions, like matryoshka dolls, houses one reaction pot inside another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - R. E. Luna
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston
- USA
| | - D. K. Bwambok
- Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry
- Wilmington
- USA
| | - M. M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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21
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Nasrallah H, Pagnoux A, Didier D, Magnier C, Toupet L, Guillot R, Crévisy C, Mauduit M, Schulz E. Immobilization of an Anthracene-Tagged Ruthenium Complex on a 2,4,7-Trinitrofluoren-9-one-Grafted Silica: Efficiency and Recyclability in Olefin Metathesis Reactions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Marchetti P, Jimenez Solomon MF, Szekely G, Livingston AG. Molecular separation with organic solvent nanofiltration: a critical review. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10735-806. [PMID: 25333504 DOI: 10.1021/cr500006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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23
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O'Neal EJ, Jensen KF. Continuous Nanofiltration and Recycle of a Metathesis Catalyst in a Microflow System. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Egert M, Walther S, Plenio H. Synthesis of Substituted Imidazolidines: Base-Stable Precursors of 4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium Salts andN-Heterocyclic Carbenes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Skowerski K, Czarnocki SJ, Knapkiewicz P. Tube-in-tube reactor as a useful tool for homo- and heterogeneous olefin metathesis under continuous flow mode. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:536-42. [PMID: 24167003 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A tube-in-tube reactor was successfully applied in homo- and heterogeneous olefin metathesis reactions under continuous flow mode. It was shown that the efficient removal of ethylene facilitated by connection of the reactor with a vacuum pump significantly improves the outcome of metathesis reactions. The beneficial aspects of this approach are most apparent in reactions performed at low concentration, such as macrocyclization reactions. The established system allows achievement of both improved yield and selectivity, and is ideal for industrial applications.
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26
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Comparison of two nanofiltration membrane reactors for a model reaction of olefin metathesis achieved in toluene. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Nasser G, Renouard T, Shahane S, Fischmeister C, Bruneau C, Rabiller-Baudry M. Interest of the Precatalyst Design for Olefin Metathesis Operating in a Discontinuous Nanofiltration Membrane Reactor. Chempluschem 2013; 78:728-736. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Fast Olefin Metathesis: Synthesis of 2-Aryloxy-Substituted Hoveyda-Type Complexes and Application in Ring-Closing Metathesis. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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RTILs in Catalytic Olefin Metathesis Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2013_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Kajetanowicz A, Czaban J, Krishnan GR, Malińska M, Woźniak K, Siddique H, Peeva LG, Livingston AG, Grela K. Batchwise and continuous nanofiltration of POSS-tagged Grubbs-Hoveyda-type olefin metathesis catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:182-92. [PMID: 23086741 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
New molecular-weight-enlarged metathesis catalysts, which bear polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) tags, were synthesized and characterized. The catalysts can be recovered from the reaction mixture by using nanofiltration techniques and can be reused. It was found that the membranes Starmem 228 and PuraMem 280 successfully separate the catalyst from the post-reaction mixtures to below 3 ppm. The application of these POSS-tagged catalysts in a continuous metathesis reaction was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kajetanowicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Khamatnurova TV, Bergbreiter DE. Poly(4-dodecylstyrene) as a phase-selectively soluble polymer support in homogeneous catalysis. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20922e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Ormerod D, Bongers B, Porto-Carrero W, Giegas S, Vijt G, Lefevre N, Lauwers D, Brusten W, Buekenhoudt A. Separation of metathesis catalysts and reaction products in flow reactors using organic solvent nanofiltration. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Shahane S, Toupet L, Fischmeister C, Bruneau C. Synthesis and Characterization of Sterically Enlarged Hoveyda-Type Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Lohre C, Nimphius C, Steinmetz M, Würtz S, Fröhlich R, Daniliuc CG, Grimme S, Glorius F. Investigation of the complexation behaviour and catalysis of IBiox-[(−)-menthyl]·HOTf. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Vougioukalakis GC. Removing Ruthenium Residues from Olefin Metathesis Reaction Products. Chemistry 2012; 18:8868-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Silica and zirconia supported olefin metathesis pre-catalysts: Synthesis, catalytic activity and multiple-use in dimethyl carbonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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38
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Schachner JA, Cabrera J, Padilla R, Fischer C, van der Schaaf PA, Pretot R, Rominger F, Limbach M. A Set of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with Extraordinary Stickiness to Silica. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs2002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg A. Schachner
- CaRLa−Catalysis Research Laboratory, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Cabrera
- CaRLa−Catalysis Research Laboratory, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Padilla
- CaRLa−Catalysis Research Laboratory, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fischer
- Basic Chemicals Research, GCB/C−M313, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul A. van der Schaaf
- Printed Systems, GKS/P−R1059, BASF Schweiz AG, Klybeckstrasse 141, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Pretot
- Printed Systems, GKS/P−R1059, BASF Schweiz AG, Klybeckstrasse 141, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Limbach
- CaRLa−Catalysis Research Laboratory, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Basic Chemicals Research, GCB/C−M313, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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39
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Benhamou L, Chardon E, Lavigne G, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, César V. Synthetic routes to N-heterocyclic carbene precursors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2705-33. [PMID: 21235210 DOI: 10.1021/cr100328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Benhamou
- LCC (Laboratoire de chimie de coordination), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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40
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2009. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Vougioukalakis GC, Grubbs RH. Ruthenium-based heterocyclic carbene-coordinated olefin metathesis catalysts. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1746-87. [PMID: 20000700 DOI: 10.1021/cr9002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1579] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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42
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Vieille-Petit L, Clavier H, Linden A, Blumentritt S, Nolan SP, Dorta R. Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Bearing N-Naphthyl Side Chains. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om9009697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Vieille-Petit
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Clavier
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Anthony Linden
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Blumentritt
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Reto Dorta
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Janssen M, Müller C, Vogt D. Molecular weight enlargement—a molecular approach to continuous homogeneous catalysis. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8403-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Fleckenstein CA, Plenio H. Sterically demanding trialkylphosphines for palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions—alternatives to PtBu3. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:694-711. [DOI: 10.1039/b903646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Lim J, Seong Lee S, Ying JY. Mesoporous silica-supported catalysts for metathesis: application to a circulating flow reactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:806-8. [PMID: 20087527 DOI: 10.1039/b917986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using click chemistry for linkage, a ruthenium-based metathesis catalyst was efficiently immobilized on nanoporous silica. The heterogenized catalyst exhibited good activity and recyclability for various substrates. An interesting application was demonstrated for a continuous process using a circulating flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, 138669, The Nanos, Singapore
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46
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Schoeps D, Sashuk V, Ebert K, Plenio H. Solvent-Resistant Nanofiltration of Enlarged (NHC)Pd(allyl)Cl Complexes for Cross-Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schoeps
- Anorganische Chemie im Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 18, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Sashuk
- Anorganische Chemie im Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 18, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katrin Ebert
- GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Anorganische Chemie im Zintl-Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 18, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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